scholarly journals Spatial patterns of water quality in Xingu River Basin (Amazonia) prior to the Belo Monte dam impoundment

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL. Rodrigues-Filho ◽  
DS. Abe ◽  
P. Gatti-Junior ◽  
GR. Medeiros ◽  
RM. Degani ◽  
...  

Abstract The Xingu River, one of the most important of the Amazon Basin, is characterized by clear and transparent waters that drain a 509.685 km2 watershed with distinct hydrological and ecological conditions and anthropogenic pressures along its course. As in other basins of the Amazon system, studies in the Xingu are scarce. Furthermore, the eminent construction of the Belo Monte for hydropower production, which will alter the environmental conditions in the basin in its lower middle portion, denotes high importance of studies that generate relevant information that may subsidize a more balanced and equitable development in the Amazon region. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the water quality in the Xingu River and its tributaries focusing on spatial patterns by the use of multivariate statistical techniques, identifying which water quality parameters were more important for the environmental changes in the watershed. Data sampling were carried out during two complete hydrological cycles in twenty-five sampling stations. The data of twenty seven variables were analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficients, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed a high auto-correlation between variables (> 0.7). These variables were removed from multivariate analyzes because they provided redundant information about the environment. The CA resulted in the formation of six clusters, which were clearly observed in the PCA and were characterized by different water quality. The statistical results allowed to identify a high spatial variation in the water quality, which were related to specific features of the environment, different uses, influences of anthropogenic activities and geochemical characteristics of the drained basins. It was also demonstrated that most of the sampling stations in the Xingu River basin showed good water quality, due to the absence of local impacts and high power of depuration of the river itself.

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1744-1748
Author(s):  
Catalina Stoica ◽  
Gabriela Geanina Vasile ◽  
Alina Banciu ◽  
Daniela Niculescu ◽  
Irina Lucaciu ◽  
...  

During the past few decades, the anthropogenic activities induced worldwide changes in the ecological systems, including the aquatic systems. This work analysed the contamination level of groundwater resources from a rural agglomeration (Central-Western part of Prahova County) by biological and physico-chemical approaches. The study was performed during the autumn of 2016 on several sampling sites (four drilling wells, depth higher than 100 m supplying three villages; two wells lower than 10 m depth and one spring). The water quality was evaluated by comparison with the limit values of the drinking water quality legislation (Law no.458/2002) and the Order 621/2014 (applicable to all groundwater bodies of Romania). The results showed that phenols and metals (iron and manganese) exceeded the threshold values in all sampling sites. Moreover, the anthropogenic factors including agriculture, use of fertilizers, manures, animal husbandry led to an increase of the bacterial load, particularly at wells sites.


2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 112-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Camargo ◽  
T. Giarrizzo ◽  
VJ. Isaac

Abstract This study estimates the main biological parameters, including growth rates, asymptotic length, mortality, consumption by biomass, biological yield, and biomass, for the most abundant fish species found on the middle Xingu River, prior to the construction of the Belo Monte Dam. The specimens collected in experimental catches were analysed with empirical equations and length-based FISAT methods. For the 63 fish species studied, high growth rates (K) and high natural mortality (M) were related to early sexual maturation and low longevity. The predominance of species with short life cycles and a reduced number of age classes, determines high rates of stock turnover, which indicates high productivity for fisheries, and a low risk of overfishing.


2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Zeilhofer ◽  
Eliana Beatriz Nunes Rondon Lima ◽  
Gilson Alberto Rosa Lima

2019 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 134145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soohyun Yang ◽  
Olaf Büttner ◽  
Rohini Kumar ◽  
Christoph Jäger ◽  
James W. Jawitz ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
R. Sophia Porchelvi ◽  
P. Selvavathi

Delta regions of the Cauvery River basin are one of the significant areas of rice production in India. In spite of large-scale utilization of the river basin for irrigation and drinking purposes, the lack of appropriate water management has seemingly deteriorated the water quality due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Vellore is the second most populous district of Tamil Nadu in India where the Palar River flowing towards east for about 295 Km. Vellore is surrounded by many leather tanneries and small scale dying industries and their effluents are discharged into the Palar river causing impact on the quality of the underground water. To assess the extent of deterioration, physicochemical characteristics of surface water were analyzed select regions of Cauvery Delta River basin and Palar region, Tamil Nadu, during March 2016 to May 2016. This study aimed to examine quality of drinking groundwater. The results represented whether the water was suitable or unsuitable for drinking purposes in this area. It was also observed that some areas like Tiruvarur, Needamangalam, Kamalapuram, Arcot, Soraiyur, Ranipet had low quality drinking water. It is suggested to take some necessary measures for supplying desirable water to the people living in these areas.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Gemma Kulk ◽  
Grinson George ◽  
Anas Abdulaziz ◽  
Nandini Menon ◽  
Varunan Theenathayalan ◽  
...  

The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal Life Below Water (SDG-14) aims to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development”. Within SDG-14, targets 14.1 and 14.2 deal with marine pollution and the adverse impacts of human activities on aquatic systems. Here, we present a remote-sensing-based analysis of short-term changes in the Vembanad-Kol wetland system in the southwest of India. The region has experienced high levels of anthropogenic pressures, including from agriculture, industry, and tourism, leading to adverse ecological and socioeconomic impacts with consequences not only for achieving the targets set out in SDG-14, but also those related to water quality (SDG-6) and health (SDG-3). To move towards the sustainable management of coastal and aquatic ecosystems such as Lake Vembanad, it is important to understand how both natural and anthropogenic processes affect water quality. In 2020, a unique opportunity arose to study water quality in Lake Vembanad during a period when anthropogenic pressures were reduced due to a nationwide lockdown in response to the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (25 March–31 May 2020). Using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 multi-spectral remote sensing and in situ observations to analyse changes in five different water quality indicators, we show that water quality improved in large areas of Lake Vembanad during the lockdown in 2020, especially in the more central and southern regions, as evidenced by a decrease in total suspended matter, turbidity, and the absorption by coloured dissolved organic matter, all leading to clearer waters as indicated by the Forel-Ule classification of water colour. Further analysis of longer term trends (2013–2020) showed that water quality has been improving over time in the more northern regions of Lake Vembanad independent of the lockdown. The improvement in water quality during the lockdown in April–May 2020 illustrates the importance of addressing anthropogenic activities for the sustainable management of coastal ecosystems and water resources.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1284
Author(s):  
Manuela Morais ◽  
Ana Pedro ◽  
Joana Rosado ◽  
Antônio Serafim ◽  
Helena Silva ◽  
...  

Os rios temporários são definidos como sistemas que durante um determinado período do ano não apresentam caudal superficial. São frequentes em regiões de características mediterrânicas, onde a ausência de precipitação durante os meses mais quentes do ano conduz à interrupção do caudal superficial. Assiste-se assim a uma diminuição natural dos padrões de qualidade da água devido à ausência de corrente, encontrando-se os rios no máximo da sua vulnerabilidade. Em épocas opostas no ano, a ocorrência de enxurradas, com origem em fortes precipitações, tem como consequência a exportação dos materiais acumulados que se depositam em reservatórios situados a jusante. O ciclo de seca e enxurrada, constitui um fator determinante na estrutura e funcionamento dos rios no Sul de Portugal, apresentando as comunidades biológicas adaptações específicas a estes fenómenos perturbadores. Contudo, ao longo da bacia, a temporalidade dos rios segue um gradiente de disponibilidade hídrica. Nas cabeceiras os rios apresentam um regime efémero muito dependente da ocorrência de eventos extremos de precipitação; para jusante a afluência de água aumenta, apresentando os rios características temporárias do tipo sazonal; nos troços inferiores é comum a ocorrência de um regime hidrológico permanente. Consequentemente, os problemas relacionados com a qualidade da água são locais, surgindo relacionados com a disponibilidade hídrica e com as pressões antropogénicas. Neste trabalho, considerando como caso de estudo a bacia do rio Pardiela localizada no sul de Portugal de características mediterrânicas (bacia do rio Guadiana), pretende-se: (i) caracterizar o ciclo hidrológico em termos de disponibilidade de água, através da utilização do modelo SWAT; (ii) quantificar as cargas de nitrogénio total, fósforo total e sólidos suspensos totais, afluentes ao sistema a uma escala espacial e temporal; (iii) caracterizar o efeito da primeira enxurrada após o período seco de verão; (iii) identificar problemas e propor medidas específicas que promovam, por um lado, a obtenção de um maior conhecimento sobre as questões ambientais que contribuam para a diminuição de conflitos entre setores de atividade e atores sociais e, por outro, sustentem a tomada de decisões pelas entidades competentes. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a necessidade de em função das pressões identificadas na bacia hidrográfica se propor objetivos e medidas, e promover sistemas de gestão à escala da sub-bacia. Só assim se permitirá identificar os fatores que controlam o sistema, tais como o ciclo hidrológico, as descargas urbanas, a ocupação de solo, as práticas agrícolas e a vegetação ripícola, e compreender a sua variabilidade em função do regime hidrológico.Analysing Pressures at Spatial Scale in a Mediterranean Basin (Pardiela Basin -Guadiana, Portugal)A B S T R A C TTemporary streams are defined as those that do not present discharge during part of the year. They are widespread in Mediterranean regions, where the nonexistence of rainfall during warmer months leads to the absence of discharge. This originates a decrease in water quality increasing the streams vulnerability. During months with the highest rainfall, flash floods occur, transporting materials accumulated in the riverbed to reservoirs located downstream. The expansion and contraction cycle constitutes a determinant factor in the structure and function of the streams in southern Portugal. Consequently, biological communities present specific adaptations to these disturbances. However, there is a water available gradient along the river basin. In headwaters, stream reaches present an ephemeral discharge, highly dependent on rainfall events. Further downstream, the discharge increases and the river present a seasonal temporary regime. In lower reaches, more frequently, the discharge is permanent. The problems related with water quality are site specific, in regard to anthropogenic pressures and water availability. In this work focused on the study of the Pardiela basin, located in southern Portugal with Mediterranean characteristics Guadiana basin), the main goals are: (i) to characterize the hydrologic cycle in terms of water available, using a SWAT model; (ii) to quantify nitrogen, phosphorus and solid suspended loads (ton/month); (iii) to characterize the effect of the first flood after the summer dry period. The obtained results illustrate the necessity to propose objectives and measures, adapted to the pressures identified in the river basin, and to develop management programmes that operate at sub-basin scale. Only then, it will be possible to identify the factors that control the system, such as hydrology, urban discharges, land use, agriculture, and riparian vegetation in regard to their variability and to the temporary hydrological regime.Keywords: Mediterranean temporary streams; hydrologic cycle; Loads; flush flood events; environmental objectives and measures. 


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