Distribution, management and diversity of the endangered Amerindian yam (Dioscorea trifida L.)

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of Dioscorea trifida in Brazil and to obtain information concerning its distribution, management and diversity. Farmers from 21 communities were interviewed in the states of São Paulo, Santa Catarina and Mato Grosso. During the visits, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect socio-economic, management and diversity data for this crop. Fifty-one collected accessions, plus two accessions obtained at local markets of Amazonas, were characterized using 12 morphological traits. Most the interviewed farmers were men (75%) with a mean age of 59.5 years. Just a few young people and labor force were available for agricultural activities, with an average of only three individuals per farm. Most farmers (56%) grew only one variety of D. trifida, although 44% had more than one variety in their fields, which aims to provide greater assurance at harvest. Many popular names were observed for D. trifida, and cará roxo (purple yam) was the name most used by farmers (43.4%). Characters referring to the tuber, such as skin and flesh color, were most relevant for the distinction of the accessions. The results of this study may collaborate to develop strategies for conservation, both ex situ and in situ, within the view of on farm conservation.

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Possibilities and reality of on-farm conservation

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/2670-cjgpb ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽

pp. S60-S64 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. Holubec ◽

T. Vymyslický ◽

F. Paprštein

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

National Parks ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Nature Protection ◽

Negative Experiences ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

Set Up ◽

On Farm

Conservation of crops is based on ex situ collection into gene banks. Additionally, crop’s wild relatives can be conserved in situ, and landraces and obsolete cultivars also can be conserved using the on-farm method. The definition and methodology of on-farm conservation is discussed. On-farm conservation has been set up in the Czech Republic as model examples in several institutions dealing with nature protection, education, cultural conservation, as well as by some private farmers. Problems, plus positive and negative experiences are presented. On-farm conservation in open-air-museums in the natur (skansens) as well as in the national parks, seem to be suitable ways forward for the Czech Republic.

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On the ecological recognition of Butia palm groves as integral ecosystems: Why do we need to widen the legal protection and the in situ/on-farm conservation approaches?

Land Use Policy ◽

10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ênio Egon Sosinski ◽

Leonardo Marques Urruth ◽

Rosa Lía Barbieri ◽

Marene Machado Marchi ◽

Silvano Gildo Martens

Keyword(s):

Legal Protection ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

On Farm

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Sustainable Use of Fig Species Provides Nutrition and Medicine for Ethnic Minority Communities in the Southern Shan State of Myanmar

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30301/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aye Mya Mon ◽

Yinxian Shi ◽

Pyae Phyo Hein ◽

Thaung Naing Oo ◽

Cory W. Whitney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Use Value ◽

Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Tropical Regions

Abstract Background: Fig trees are ecological keystone species in many tropical regions and play important roles in the spirituality, nutrition and health for many rural communities. Although the tropical forests in Myanmar contain many fig species, little ethnobotanical knowledge on their uses has been recorded.Information about the uses and conservation related actions of figswould be helpful in development ofstrategic policy for sustainable use and biodiversity conservation of the country. We showcase the rich ethnobotanical knowledge as well as the variety of collection and conservation practices related to figs among five ethnic groups in Southern Shan State. Methods: We performed both key informant and semi-structured interviews with 114 informants from five ethnic groups. Their uses for figs were categorized according to local practices and recipes. Informants were asked about trends in conservation status over the past 10 years and any conservation related customs and practices. Data were analyzed quantitatively by use report (UR) and use value (UV). Results: Informants reported the uses of eight fig species (Ficusauricularta，F.concinna, F. geniculata，F. hispida, F. racemosa, F. religiosa，F. semicordata, and F. virens).F. geniculata and F. virens were most useful (UR = 228) and were used by all five ethnic groups, corresponding to a high use value (UV = 2). Treatments for 16 diseases were reported from seven species. Household consumption, economic, and sacred uses were accompanied by sustainable practices of harvest and protection. Traditional taboos, in situ and ex situ conservation were practiced especially for highly demanded species (F. geniculata and F. virens), and the sacred fig F. religiosa.Conclusion: Findings suggest that figs are useful for nutrition (all informants) and medicine (13.16% of the informants) in the study area. Traditional taboos, in situ and ex situ conservation practices help to maintain sustainable utilization of locally important figs. This is an early contribution to the traditional knowledge of edible figs. Although similar uses have been reported in neighboring countries for seven of the fig species, the ethnobotanical use of F. concinna is novel.

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On-farm orchards of fruit trees

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/2669-cjgpb ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽

pp. S65-S69

Author(s):

F. Paprštein ◽

J. Sedlák ◽

V. Holubec

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Planting Materials ◽

On Farm ◽

The Given

Four on-farm plantations (KRNAP Vrchlabí, the Orchard of Reconciliation in Neratov, Podyjí National Park, and Šumava National Park) were successfully established in a traditional form, with large orchard trees on seedling rootstocks. Certain accessions (cultivars) for on-farm conservation in the given locality were selected, according to the incidence and presentation of genotypes in these particular areas. This information was obtained by localization of fruit trees in situ and the determination of certain cultivars. Nursery stock production for onfarm plantations is described. Because of the longevity of the plantation, seedling rootstocks were used for the production of planting materials for the on-farm plantations. Techniques of on-farm plantation establishment and orchard management are stated within the paper. Four established on-farm plantations have ensured the long-term preservation of landraces in their original areas.

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Evaluation of Garlic Landraces from Foggia Province (Puglia Region; Italy)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9070850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 850 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Bonasia ◽

Giulia Conversa ◽

Corrado Lazzizera ◽

Pasqua Loizzo ◽

Giuseppe Gambacorta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Erosion ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Food Product ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Large Variability ◽

Free Sugars ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

Low Levels ◽

On Farm

Interest in local landraces has unfortunately decreased over, the last decades, in which they have been continuously subjected to a high genetic erosion in favour of new modern varieties. Within the Puglia region (S-E Italy), Foggia province was found to be the richest in vegetable landraces. In the present study, six garlic landraces collected from this area have been assessed for their chemical composition (minerals, organic acids, free sugars, volatile, and phenolic compounds) along with their main morpho-biometrical traits. A commercial genotype was also considered as a reference standard. The landraces show a large variability, but in general high morphological standards, high levels of cations and phenols, and low levels of volatile-(S)-compounds in comparison with the commercial genotype and the literature values. ‘Aglio di Peschici’ and ‘Aglio Rosso di Monteleone di Puglia’ are very rich in minerals and phenols (mainly ferulic acid and iso-rhamnetin). This increase in knowledge on the chemical properties of these garlic landraces could represent a tool for encouraging the consumption of a food product. At the same time, the consumption of these landraces would stimulate their cultivation and could highly contribute to protection against the risk of erosion of agro-biodiversity by their in situ/on-farm conservation.

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ICARDA Efforts to Promote In Situ/On-farm Conservation of Dryland Agrobiodiversity

Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.5958/0976-1926.2016.00042.5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 265

Author(s):

Ahmed Amri ◽

Mariana Yazbek ◽

Ali Shehadeh ◽

Mohamed Fawzy Nawar ◽

Athanasios Tsivelikas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

On Farm Conservation ◽

On Farm

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Descriptors for on-farm conservation and use of Butia odorata natural populations

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262115000040 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Claudete Clarice Mistura ◽

Rosa Lía Barbieri ◽

Caroline Marques Castro ◽

Stefano Padulosi ◽

Adriana Alercia

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Use ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Standard Format ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

Germplasm Collections ◽

Severe Erosion ◽

User Groups

This paper aims to propose an international list of descriptors for Butia odorata (jelly palm), using scientific documentation methods and farmers' knowledge to allow the germplasm characterization for conservation and sustainable use. It is an attempt to promote the development of new approaches to documenting crop genetic resources using a blend of these two sources of knowledge, frequently perceived as conflicting. This long-lived and useful palm is a neglected and subutilized species, and its genetic diversity and associated knowledge are under severe erosion. A list of 11 morphological descriptors is proposed based on observations, literature review and discussions with farmers who know and use the plant. These descriptors were used to characterize 303 adult jelly palms conserved in situ. Descriptive results are presented. Only five morphological characteristics were reported by farmers as important to discriminate individual plants, indicating that farmers have simpler and more rapid ways to differentiate diversity than do the scientists based on their uses. Standard list of descriptors developed by ex situ conservationists are widely used by breeders, but they rarely reach out to farmers and other user groups, a fact that limits the full use of germplasm collections around the world. Conversely, farmer-based descriptors, which are the expression of deep knowledge of diversity and its deployment by traditional communities, are rarely considered by breeders, mainly because they are not available. In this paper, we support the idea that a blend of these two methods – in a standard format – is highly strategic to promote an effective in situ conservation-through-use approach.

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What drives relocation policies in the Maldives?

Climatic Change ◽

10.1007/s10584-020-02919-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 163 (2) ◽

pp. 931-951

Author(s):

Geronimo Gussmann ◽

Jochen Hinkel

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Policy Option ◽

Government Support ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Small Island ◽

Coastal Zones ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Sea Levels

AbstractThe predominant responses to rising sea levels are in situ adaptations. However, increasing rates of sea-level rise will render ex situ adaptations—in the form of relocations—inevitable in some low-lying coastal zones. Particularly small island states like the Maldives face this significant adaptation challenge. Here, government action is necessary to move vulnerable communities out of flood-prone areas. Yet, little empirical knowledge exists about the governance of relocations. While the literature often highlights risks and benefits of relocations, it remains unclear how governments organized relocations and what drove relocation policy. Therefore, we examined Maldivian relocation policies from 1968 to 2018 to explain government support of relocations. For this, we used a qualitative research design and extended the multiple streams approach with the theoretical lens of historical institutionalism. To gather data, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 23) with relocation policy experts and locals affected by relocations. Interview data was complemented with a desk review of relevant laws, historical records, and policy documents. We find 29 completed and 25 failed cases of relocations in the 50-year period. Key drivers of relocation policies are focusing events, socioeconomic development, and institutionalized island autonomy. We find that relocations were predominantly initiated as means to facilitate economic development, not as a response to rising seas or coastal risk. With current rapid economic development and strengthened democratic institutions, relocations are not considered as a policy option anymore. We conclude that implementing relocations proactively will face significant barriers in the future, which highlights the urgency of successful in situ adaptations in the Maldives.

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In-situ (on-farm) conservation dynamics and the patterns of uses of sorgham (Sorghum bicolar(L.) Moech landraces in North Shewa and South Welo, Ethiopia

Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejbs.v4i2.39021 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Abdi ◽

Z Asfaw

Keyword(s):

On Farm Conservation ◽

On Farm

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Gossypium barbadense: An Approach for in Situ Conservation in Cerrado, Brazil

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n8p59 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Andrezza Arantes Castro ◽

Lúcia Vieira Hoffmann ◽

Thiago Henrique Lima ◽

Aryanny Irene Domingos Oliveira ◽

Rafaela Ribeiro Brito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Gossypium Barbadense ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

West Region ◽

In Situ Preservation ◽

Commercial Purpose ◽

Distrito Federal

Abandonment of planting of Gossypium barbadense has endangered its existence. The objective was to determine the characteristicof the maintenance of Gossypium barbadense in the Central-West Region of Brazil, with the aim to foster the conservation of the species. Expeditions were conducted in 2014-2015 in Southeast Goiás, where cotton collection has not been reported before. Data from previous collections in Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Distrito Federal available in Albrana database were considered this study. In the Central-West Region of Brazil, 466 accesses of G. barbadense were recorded, found most frequently in backyards (91.4%), but also spontaneous plants (7.5%), farm boundary (0.8%) and commercial farming (0.2%) have also been found. The main use indicated by VDU was as medicinal plant (0.66), therefore this is the main reason for in situ preservation. However, this cultural habit has been abandoned, causing uncertainty about the continuity of preservation. There was presence of lint almost only in seeds of plants of the variety brasiliense. The most common fiber color was white, not cream color, suggesting that plants are derived from commercial cultivars used in the past. Hence, until 2015, the conservation relies on single plants almost exclusively in backyards for medicinal use, and there are no crops of this type of cotton for commercial purpose. The exploitation of the possible use both of the fiber as a medicinal plant would foster ex situ and in situ preservation of this important genetic resource.

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