scholarly journals Seasonal analysis of food items and feeding habits of endangered riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822)

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Haque ◽  
S. Paul ◽  
M. A. S. Jewel ◽  
U. Atique ◽  
A. K. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mouth Size ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Seasonal Analysis

Abstract This investigation presents the food and feeding activity of and endangered riverine catfish Rita rita, during February 2017-January 2018. A total of 225 fish individuals was analyzed for stomach contents by characterizing the dominant food items and morphometric features. The results divulged ten major food items consumed, preferably fish scales and eggs, teleost fishes, copepods, cladocerans, rotifers, and mollusks. Total length and body weight of fish varied between 9-34 cm (20.53 ± 6.90 cm) and 10-400 g (9125.94 ± 102.07 g), respectively. The index of relative importance (IRI%) showed the importance of rotifers over the other food items. Morisita’s index of diet overlap indicated seasonal variations in catfish diets with summer and monsoon displaying the least overlap, while maximum overlap during monsoon and winter seasons. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) indicated the close association between the food items available during summer and winter seasons with a significant difference among the seasons (ANOSIM, R = 0.638, P = 0.013). Levin’s niche breadth index arranged in the order of 0.88>0.81>0.78>0.63>0.43 for the size classes of V, IV, III, II and I, respectively. The PCA explained 95.39% of the total variance among the food items and fish size groups. Small-sized fish individuals displayed a greater correlation with food items suitable for their mouth size. In conclusion, the variety and frequency of food items recorded indicated considerable feeding plasticity and opportunistic feeding behavior with a shift from carnivorous to omnivorous feeding nature. This study could render useful information on the food and feeding habits of R. rita and provide background for preparing its diet for future aquaculture practices.

scholarly journals Food and Feeding of the Blue Swimmer Crab, Portunus Pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda, Brachyura) along the Coast of Mandapam, Tamil Nadu, India

Crustaceana ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1169-1180 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Full Stomach ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Trawl Catches

AbstractFood habits of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus were investigated using specimens collected from trawl catches in the Mandapam region, Tamil Nadu, along the east coast of India (9°20-25′N 79°5-10′E), during the period January to December, 1999. The stomach contents of 452 crabs, ranging from 61 to 180 mm carapace width, were analysed. Their diet included crustaceans, molluscs, fishes, unidentifiable matter, and debris. In adult crabs, crustaceans constituted the dominant food source and these were present in 78.43% of the stomachs analysed. The stomach contents of juveniles and sub-adults were dominated by debris. There was no significant difference between sexes in the frequency of occurrence of food items or in their “percentage points” [= the (virtual) percentual contribution to the fullness of a 100% full stomach]. However, there was a difference between the stomachs of ovigerous and non-ovigerous females. There were also significant differences in the preference for food items in the different size groups of the crab. The results collected from the present study showed that P. pelagicus exhibits, in this region at least, a clear preference for crustaceans.

scholarly journals Food Habits and Diet Relationship in the Redbelly Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) and Guenther’s Mouthbrooder (Chromidotilapia guntheri) from an Abandoned Gold Mine Reservoir, Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Olusola Olaniyi KOMOLAFE ◽  
Timothy Olalekan AMOO ◽  
Michael Olufemi AWODIRAN
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Tilapia Zillii ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Index Value

The food and feeding habits of the redbelly Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) and Guenther’s mouthbrooder (Chromidotilapia guntheri) were investigated in an abandoned gold mine reservoir at Igun from June 2013 to May 2014. Using a cast net and gill-net fishing gears, 370 fish individuals were caught and their stomach contents were analysed by using the frequency of occurrence and numerical methods. Tilapia zillii comprised 53.78% (199 individuals), while Chromidotilapia guntheri covered up the remaining percentage (46.22%) which is made up of 171 individuals. Food items in the stomachs of T. zillii individuals predominantly consisted of detritus, mud and algae (77.97%), while those in C. guntheri individuals mostly consisted fish remains, detritus and algae (81.67%). T. zillii exploited more food items (23 of 27) as compared to C. guntheri (17 of 27). The Schoener’s index value for the species was 0.65. The study showed that T. zillii and C. guntheri exhibited benthopelagic exploitation and are mainly herbivorous and omnivorous respectively based on the food items observed in the stomach contents of these species. The fish species fed on related food items as confirmed by Schoener’s overlap index (0.65), suggesting that there was overlap in the dietary requirements of the two species. This index value, however, was probably not an indication of competition for food between these two species because they exploited abundant food sources.

scholarly journals Food and Feeding Habits of Black Spot Cat Fish (Auchenoglanis biscutatus) from Lower River Benue, Makurdi

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Edem, Edem Thomas ◽  
Patience B. Opeh
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food And Feeding

The present study is aimed to provide information on the food and feeding habit of adult Auchenoglanis biscutatus in Lower River Benue. The natural food of A. biscutatus in the Lower River Benue was studied from stomach contents of the fish. The stomach contents were analyzed using two methods; the frequency of occurrence and point methods. A total of 100 stomachs were randomly examined. Eleven major items constituted the diet of A. biscutatus. The stomach content analysis of A. biscutatus have shown that they fed on the various food items ranging from plant parts, detritus, seeds, digested food particles, fish parts, mollusc, sand/mud, insect parts and algae. This indicates that A. biscutatus is an omnivorous bottom feeder since; bottom dwelling immature insects dominated most of the food items of animal origin, digested food and detritus. A. biscutatus in Lower Benue River feeds on a wide range of food items which could make it to be regarded as an omnivore. Future attempts to culture this species must take cognizance of its food habits in the wild.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DEL CONTENIDO ESTOMACAL DEL CAMARON TITI Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (HELLER) (CRUSTACEA: NATANTIA: PENAEIDAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Cortés ◽  
María M. Críales
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Bivalve Shells

Juveniles and adults of the seabob Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller) were collected at monthly invervals between September 1988 and June 1988. The food items were determined in order of descending importance as: detritus and fragments of bivalve shells, polychaete worms, foraminiferans, and crustaceans. There was a difference in the feeding habits between the rainy seasson (September to December) and the dry season (January to June) with items like rotifers, sponges and radiolarians appearing only during the dry season. Analysis of the frequency of occurrence of different food items showed that groups like rotifers and bryozoans appear more frequently in juveniles. Measurements of protein and carbohydrate levels in the stomach contents revealed the highest peaks of proteins for adults in September (92.03 ug/mg dry weight of stomach contents) and for juveniles in December (81.27 ug/mg), and of carbohydrates for adults in October (45.81 ug/mg) and for juveniles in December (35.25 ug/mg). Quantitative differences in proteins and carbohydrates between the two size groups were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Condition Factor, Food and Feeding Habit of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Siluriformes: Bagridae) from Lower River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Edem, Edem Thomas ◽  
Odey, Christopher Ogamode
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food And Feeding

Background and Objective: The feeding habit as well as the condition factor of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from lower river Benue was studied between July 2015 and September 2015. Materials and Methods: The natural food of the fish in the Lower River Benue was studied from stomach contents of the fish. A total of 100 stomachs were randomly examined and analyzed using two methods; the frequency of occurrence and point methods. About 92 had food items while 8 were empty. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference at 95% confidence limit in the food eaten by these species and also the degree of stomach fullness. Results: Food items encountered using frequency of occurrence method include fish parts (47.62%), seeds (40.49%), sand/mud (30.09%), detritus (30.95%), digested food (29.76%), insect parts (27.38%), mollusk (25.00%) and algae (22.62%). Conclusion: C. nigrodigitatus had a euryphagous food habits and based on condition factor the fish were in good health.

Food and Feeding Habits of Luidia Ciliaris Echinodermata: Asteroidea

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Brun
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Psammechinus Miliaris ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
The Irish Sea

Luidia ciliaris (Philippi) has intraoral digestion and was found to be a selective feeder on echinoderms. In 258 specimens from the Irish Sea, echinoderms occurred in 97·4% of all stomachs containing food and contributed 92% of the food volume (estimated by points method). The most important food items were Psammechinus miliaris, Ophiothrix fragilis, Ophiura albida and Ophiocomina nigra. Ophiocomina nigra did not occur as frequently as would be expected from their availability. Observation in situ revealed that large specimens had efficient escape response to moving Luidia and aquarium experiments showed that O. nigra deprived of their moving ability were readily eaten. However, the Luidia showed clear preference to Ophiothrix fragilis. There was no distinct seasonal difference in the composition of the diet, but a tendency to a minimum feeding activity in May-June, probably connected with the spawning period.

scholarly journals FEEDING HABITS AND HELMINTH PARASITES OF SARDINE (S. PILCHARDUS) AND ANCHOVY (E. ENCRASICOLUS) IN THE ADRIATIC SEA

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. ZORICA ◽  
V. ČIKES KEČ ◽  
O. VIDJAK ◽  
I. MLADINEO ◽  
D. EZGETA BALIČ
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
One Year ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Hysterothylacium Aduncum

We examined the stomach contents of two of the most economically and ecologically important small pelagic fish species, the sardine, Sardina pilchardus and the anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, obtained monthly from commercial purse-seine catches operating on Croatian fishing grounds during a one-year period (January–December, 2011). Both species generally showed a similar diet, with copepod and decapod larvae as dominant prey groups. The composition of anchovy and sardine stomach contents was not size- or sex-related, but throughout the year, a significant difference in diet composition was observed for each species as well as between species. Two gastrointerstinal helminths; the digenean Parahemiurus merus and nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum, were recorded during the stomach content analysis. Differences in population dynamics between the two parasites are congruent with differences in the prey composition of sardine and anchovy, reflecting fine-tuned interactions in the trophic web between parasites and intermediate or paratenic hosts included in the sardine and anchovy diet.

scholarly journals Diet Composition and Seasonal Fluctuations in the Feeding Habit of Snow Barbel (Schizothorax plagiostomus) in River Indus, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qayash Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Anjum ◽  
Shamim Akhter ◽  
Irfan Khattak ◽  
Abid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Unit Effort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
River Indus

Background:Schizothorax plagiostomus is widely distributed in river Indus and is most important food fish in Pakistan. The feeding habit of fish is directly related to the size of fish, its metabolic rate and environmental temperature. The accurate description of fish diet and feeding habit is a very important aspect in fisheries management for the purpose of species conservation, breeding and culture. The present work was aimed to investigate the specie abundance, the diet composition and seasonal variations in the feeding habit of Snow barbell Schizothorax plagiostomus.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 1799 fish specimens were caught at the confluence of six tributaries along river Indus at Indus Kohistan, northeastern Pakistan. The fish were collected by 5-panels of gill net during first week of each month. The site specific Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) and season specific CPUE of fish fauna were assessed. For the gut content analysis 240 samples (99 male and 141 females) of S. plagiostomus were selected on monthly basis. Frequency of occurrence method and volumetric method were applied to record the different food items in the gut of S. plagiostomus. The physico-chemical parameters, NO3 concentration and dissolved Co2 of water from different localities of river Indus were recorded month wise by Hach sensION 156 meter, Horiba LAQUA Nitrate Meter and EA80 meter respectively. Significant difference was observed in water temperature during the four seasons. Except alkalinity no other water parameter showed significant variation across different localities. The results showed that highest Mean CPUE was observed for Darel Stream (0.55) and lowest for Jalkot stream (0.26). Peak abundance of fish was recorded in the month of November with a mean catch of 44.50, mean CPUE of 0.74 and mean Kruskal-Wallis rank value of 63.25. Spirogyra and Ulothrix occurred as maximum food items in the gut of S. plagiostomus during summer while their minimum amount occurred during autumn. According to the ranking index spirogyra and ulothrix ranked higher with significant difference in comparison to other food items. The results showed that S. plagiostomus is phytophagous in its feeding habit, which consumed mainly algae attached to stones and pebbles during the whole year. However, the presence of some secondary items such as animal matter, detritus, sand and mud might be due to the distinct availabilities of food along the seasons. The highest feeding activity of S. plagiostomus was recorded during summer while the lowest one occurred during autumn, spring and winter. Discussion: Catch per unit effort (CPUE) is an indirect measure of the abundance of a target species. It is used as an index of stock abundance in fisheries and conservation biology. During the study low fish fauna was found in River Indus as reported previously. Majority of the fish occurred in snow fed river tributaries in the study area as these tributaries are comparatively less turbulent. Previous studies have also recorded that Schizothoracine generally prefer clean waters. The present findings of gut contents analysis showed clearly that S. plagiostomus is a phytophagous fish which scrap and consumed spirogyra and ulothrix attached to stones and pebbles. Earlier it was reported that mouth of S. plagiostomusis is inferior, wide, with deep lower jaw having keratinized cutting edge and the lower lip is folded and expanded with numerous papillae making it best suited for scrapping algae attached to stones and pebbles. The highest feeding activity was observed during warmer months as compared to cold months. S. plagiostomus spawn twice in a year in autumn and in spring. The highest feeding activity of S. plagiostomus seems to be link with a reflex of recovery strategy due to physiological process of gonadal development.

scholarly journals Variations of Salminus hilarii diet (Ostariophysi, Characidae): seasonal and ontogenetic effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-580
Author(s):  
GA Villares Junior ◽  
R Goitein
Keyword(s):  
Prey Size ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ontogenetic Effects ◽  
Size And Morphology

AbstractThis study described the variations seasonal and ontogenetic of Salminus hilarii diet. Samples were collected in the Sorocaba River, São Paulo, Brazil, one of the few rivers where individuals of the species still occur in a higher frequency. The preys consumed were analyzed by Importance Alimentary Index (AIi). To determine similarities between year seasons, the AIi data were analyzed by the Morisita-Horn index and reduced in cluster analysis, along with a statistical comparison made by one-way ANOSIM test (5%). The feeding activity was analyzed according to the stomach repletion index and compared among the year seasons using non parametric variance analysis Kruskal-Wallis test (5%). Comparison of prey consumed between immature and adult individuals was made by Spearman correlation (5%). A Pearson correlation (5%) was applied between the standard length of the fish and prey consumed, as well as between the mouth and prey heights. The analyzes of stomach contents showed that the diet of this species was exclusively piscivorous, with significant difference of prey consumption during the period, the same happening among adult and immature individuals. It was observed that these fishes use to swallow their prey whole and that significant correlations between size of predator and prey size can be observed. There is also correlation between the mouth height and the maximum prey depth. Salminus hilarii feeds on the available prey, and the species food composition and feeding activity depends on prey`s abundance, their size and morphology, as do the water temperatures.

scholarly journals Feeding ecology of the crab Munida subrugosa (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) in the Beagle Channel, Argentina

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carolina Romero ◽  
Gustavo A. Lovrich ◽  
Federico Tapella ◽  
Sven Thatje
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Beagle Channel ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Munida subrugosa is the most abundant galatheid crab species in the Beagle Channel (55°S 68°W) off Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Samples of crabs and the epibenthic community were taken on a monthly basis at two different depth strata (<40 m and >70 m), by means of epibenthic trawling from 1998 to 1999. Stomach contents from 1582 crabs were analysed, out of which only 2% had empty stomachs. The quantity of food in the stomach contents was clearly seasonal and similar at both depths. The organic matter varied throughout the year and between both depths, being significantly higher in summer/spring than in autumn/winter. Munida subrugosa shows two different and simultaneous feeding habits: (1) as a predator M. subrugosa feeds on crustaceans, algae, and polychaetes; and (2) as a deposit feeder M. subrugosa consumes particulate organic matter and organisms associated with the superficial layer of the sediment. The composition of the diet of Munida subrugosa was similar for both years, and independent of depth, sex or season. Munida subrugosa selected crustaceans only in autumn and winter, whereas most food items were found according to their availability in the habitat.

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