scholarly journals Antiadhesion and antibiofilm potential of Fagonia indica from Cholistan desert against clinical multidrug resistant bacteria

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aslam ◽  
S. Hayat ◽  
T. Ali ◽  
M. Waseem ◽  
M. H. Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Clinical Isolates

Abstract High resistance to antimicrobials is associated with biofilm formation responsible for infectious microbes to withstand severe conditions. Therefore, new alternatives are necessary as biofilm inhibitors to control infections. In this study, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Fagonia indica extracts were evaluated against MDR clinical isolates. The extract exhibited its antibiofilm effect by altering adherence and disintegration of bacterial cell wall. Fagonia indica has antibacterial effect as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 µg mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was 500-3000 µg mL-1 against multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. The extract exhibited its antibiofilm effect by altering adherence and disintegration of bacterial cell wall. Fagonia indica had antibacterial effect as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 µg mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was 500-3000 µg mL-1 against MDR isolates. The maximum inhibitory effects of Fagonia indica chloroform extract on biofilm formation was observed on Staphylococcus aureus (71.84%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (70.83%) after 48 hrs showing that inhibition is also time dependent. Our results about bacterial cell protein leakage indicated that MDR isolates treated with chloroform extract of Fagonia indica showed maximum protein leakage of K. pneumoniae (59.14 µg mL-1) followed by S. aureus (56.7 µg mL-1). Cell attachment assays indicated that chloroform extract resulted in a 43.5-53.5% inhibition of cell adherence to a polystyrene surface. Our results revealed that extracts of Fagonia indica significantly inhibited biofilm formation among MDR clinical isolates, therefore, could be applied as antimicrobial agents and cost effective biofilm inhibitor against these MDR isolates.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and antimicrobial assessment of Iranian Propolis gathered in Qazvin province

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Samieerad ◽  
Nematollah Gheibi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Background: Propolis is one of the useful bee colony products that have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. In this study, the physicochemical characters and their antibacterial effect of Iranian Propolis collected from Qazvin province was assessed.Methods: In this study, Thin Layer Chromatography and Vacuum Liquid Chromatography to detect different compounds of the extract have been used. In the initial evaluation of Propolis extract, it was found that the extract includes variable compounds with different polarity; so, the initial classification of extract with different polarity solvents was essential. Finally, 0.1 gr hydro alcoholic Propolis was injected to the HPLC by ultrasound. The antibacterial effect of Iranian ethanol extract Propolis was measured using a microdilution method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus: S.aureus standard strains and the minimum bactericidal and inhibitory concentration were defined.Results: Primary analysis of the ethanol extract by analytical Thin Layer Chromatography, demonstrated the presence of flavonoid and phenol in it. Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration for Staphylococcus aureus: S.aureus standard strain was 2.5mg/ml. The same procedure was done for Pseudomonas aeruginosa: P. aeruginosa standard strain and the Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration were 50mg/ml of Propolis extracts.  Conclusion: According to the results, the alcoholic extract of propolis from Qazvin province of Iran provides significant antimicrobial activity. Its powerful activity may be due to high total phenolic and flavonoid contents.Keywords: Iranian propolis, Antibacterial activity, Phenolic compounds, Flavonoid compound

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Oxazolidinone against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Including Macrolide-Resistant Clinical Isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Hun Kim ◽  
Su-Young Kim ◽  
Won-Jung Koh ◽  
Byung Woo Jhun
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity

We evaluated the in vitro activities of oxazolidinone antibiotics including linezolid, sutezolid, and delpazolid against clinical nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates. Regardless of macrolide resistance, for M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. kansasii, sutezolid showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value among oxazolidinone antibiotics. However, for M. abscessus, M. massiliense, the MIC and MBC values for all oxazolidinone antibiotics showed similar values. Oxazolidinone antibiotics warrant further investigation as potential antibiotics.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PINEAPPLE (ANANAS COMOSUS L. MERR) EXTRACT AGAINST MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: AN IN VITRO STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Sayyid Zharfan ◽  
Priyo Budi Purwono ◽  
Arifa Mustika
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Tract Infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of nosocomial infection which is responsible for 10% of hospital-acquired infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa tends to mutate and displays potential for development of antibiotic resistance. Approximately, 10% of global bacterial isolates are found as Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa have a quite tremendous severity index, especially on pneumonia and urinary tract infections, even sepsis, which 50% mortality rate. Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) has antimicrobial properties. The active antimicrobial compounds in Ananas comosus L. Merr include saponin and bromelain. This research aims to find the potency of antimicrobial effect of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) extract towards Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa specimen is obtained from patient’s pus in orthopaedic department, Dr Soetomo Public Hospital, Surabaya. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa specimen is resistant to all antibiotic agents except cefoperazone-sulbactam. This research is conducted by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) through dilution test with Mueller-Hinton broth medium. Pineapple extract (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) is dissolved in aquadest, then poured into test tube at varying concentrations (6 g/ml; 3 g/ml; 1.5 g/ml; 0.75 g/ml, 0.375 g/ml; and 0.1875 g/ml). After 24 hours’ incubation, samples are plated onto nutrient agar plate, to determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The extract of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) has antimicrobial activities against Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) could not be determined, because turbidity changes were not seen. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of pineapple extract (Ananas comosus L. Merr) to Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 0.75 g/ml. Further study of in vivo is needed.

scholarly journals Down-regulation of biofilm-associated genes in mecA-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus treated with M. communis extract and its antibacterial activity

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moj Khaleghi ◽  
Sadegh Khorrami
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Biofilm Development

AbstractConsidering the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, the discovery of effective agents against resistant pathogens is of extreme urgency. Herein, 26 mecA-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolated from clinical samples were identified, and their resistance to 11 antibiotics was investigated. Next, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of the ethanolic extract of M. communis on these strains was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of this extract on the expression of biofilm-associated genes, icaA, icaD, bap, sarA, and agr, was studied. According to the results, all isolated strains were multidrug-resistant and showed resistance to oxacillin and tetracycline. Also, 96.15 and 88.46 % of them were resistant to gentamicin and erythromycin. However, the extract could effectively combat the strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against different strains ranged from 1.56 to 25 mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 3.125 and 50 mg/ml. Even though most MRSA (67 %) strongly produced biofilm, the sub-MIC concentration of the extract destroyed the pre-formed biofilm and affected the bacterial cells inside the biofilm. It could also inhibit biofilm development by significantly decreasing the expression of icaA, icaD, sarA and bap genes involved in biofilm formation and development. In conclusion, the extract inhibits biofilm formation, ruins pre-formed biofilm, and kills cells living inside the biofilm. Furthermore, it down-regulates the expression of necessary genes and nips the biofilm formation in the bud.

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Antibiotics on Biofilm Formed by Salmonella Enterica Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Israt Jahan Rini ◽  
Md Ariful Islam ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Planktonic Phase ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Mic Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi are the causative agents of typhoid and paratyphoid, respectively, in human. Salmonella is able to form biofilms whereby members are resistant and persistent in both host and nonhost environments. In the present study the effect of the antibiotics, Azithromycin, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone and Cefixime, on planktonic and biofilm phase clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi (n = 30) and Paratyphi A (n= 07) was investigated. MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) of planktonic phase bacteria were determined and compared with MRC (Minimum Re-growth Concentration) and MBEC (Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration) of biofilm population. The present study indicates that, with the exception of Azithromycin, a considerably higher concentration is needed for all other antibiotics investigated to inhibit growth of test isolates in the biofilm phase. We conclude that the requirement of Azithromycin at sub-MIC concentration to inhibit/kill Salmonella in biofilm is of particular significance in that it can be employed for the eradication of Salmonella spp. biofilms. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 37 Number 2 December 2020, pp 62-65

Green and Simple Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Aqueous Extract of Perovskia abrotanoides: Characterization, Optimization and Antimicrobial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1129-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Mirsadeghi ◽  
Masoumeh F. Koudehi ◽  
Hamid R. Rajabi ◽  
Seied M. Pourmortazavi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Silver Nps ◽  
Perovskia Abrotanoides

Background: Herein, we report the biosynthesis procedure to prepare silver nanoparticles as reduction and capping agents with the aqueous plant extract of Perovskia abrotanoides. Methods: The therapeutic application of silver nanoparticles entirely depends on the size and shape of the nanoparticles therefore, their control during the synthesis procedure is so important. The effects of synthesis factors, for example, silver ion concentration, the mass of plant extract, reaction time and extraction temperature, on the size of silver particles were considered and optimized. Several analytical methods were used for the characterization of silver NPs including FT-IR and UV–Vis spectrophotometer, XRD and SEM. Results: The results showed that the mean size of the silver particles was about 51 nm. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of biosynthesized silver NPs were investigated by the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and Well-diffusion tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration/ minimum bactericidal concentration values of silver NPs and aqueous plant extract versus Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) were 3.03/0.00, 1.20/0.01, 3.06/0.00, 0.98/1.04, 1.00/0.05 and 1.30/0.03 (mg/mL), respectively. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity study displayed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles by plant extract have better antimicrobial properties compared to aqueous plant extract of Perovskia abrotanoides.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PROPOLIS EXTRACT AND PROPOLIS CANDIES ON THE GROWTH OF AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS ATCC 43718

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Khodijah Khodijah ◽  
Ratna Farida ◽  
Nurtami Soedarsono
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Objective: This experiment aimed to analyze the effect of propolis extract and propolis containing candies on the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using spectrophotometric analysis and colony-forming units (CFU) counts.Methods: After A. actinomycetemcomitans were exposed to propolis extract and candies, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined with spectrophotometry and post-exposure colony counting.Results: The MIC of propolis extract against A. actinomycetemcomitans was determined to be 10%, and the MBC was 20%. A decrease in the total CFU count of A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed after propolis extract and candy exposure.Conclusions: Propolis extract and propolis candies were effective in inhibiting the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 43718 in vitro.

scholarly journals Enhancement of pyocyanin production by subinhibitory concentration of royal jelly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Dina Auliya Amly ◽  
Puspita Hajardhini ◽  
Alma Linggar Jonarta ◽  
Heribertus Dedy Kusuma Yulianto ◽  
Heni Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Tolerance ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pyocyanin Production

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium, produces pyocyanin, a virulence factor associated with antibiotic tolerance. High concentrations of royal jelly have an antibacterial effect, which may potentially overcome antibacterial resistance. However, in some cases, antibiotic tolerance can occur due to prolonged stress of low-dose antibacterial agents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of royal jelly on bacterial growth, pyocyanin production, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and clinical isolates were cultured in a royal jelly-containing medium to test the antibacterial activity. Pyocyanin production was observed by measuring the absorbance at 690 nm after 36 h culture and determined using extinction coefficient 4310 M-1 cm-1. Static microtiter plate biofilm assay performed to detect the biofilm formation, followed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Royal jelly effectively inhibited the viability of both strains from a concentration of 25%. The highest production of pyocyanin was observed in the subinhibitory concentration group 6.25%, which gradually decreased along with the decrease of royal jelly concentration. Results of one-way ANOVA tests differed significantly in pyocyanin production of the two strains between the royal jelly groups. Tukey HSD test showed concentrations of 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% significantly increased pyocyanin production of ATCC 10145, and the concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% significantly increased production of the clinical isolates. Concentrations of 12.5% and 6.125% significantly induced biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145, in line with the results of the SEM analysis. Conclusions: The royal jelly concentration of 25% or higher inhibits bacterial growth; however, the subinhibitory concentration increases pyocyanin production and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. It is advisable to determine the appropriate concentration of royal jelly to obtain beneficial virulence inhibiting activity.

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