scholarly journals Chemical elements in sediments and in bivalve mollusks from estuarine regions in the south of Bahia State, northeast Brazil

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. M. Santos ◽  
G. Boehs

Abstract Estuaries receive daily inputs of chemical elements which can impact the quality of water and sediment, as well as the health of biota. In addition to the sediment, bivalve mollusks have been used in the chemical monitoring of these systems. This study investigated the presence and contents of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in superficial sediment and in bivalves (Crassostrea gasar, C. rhizophorae and Mytella guyanensis) from estuaries in the south / extreme south of Bahia State, northeast Brazil. The samples were evaluated with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Varian 710). Except for Cd, all other elements were found in the samples, being that Co was exclusive in the sediment. The estuaries equivalent to sampling stations #1 - Valença, #2 - Taperoá, #3 - Ilhéus and #4 - Belmonte showed levels of metals compatibles with those established by the Brazilian legislation, however, the #5 - Santa Cruz Cabrália, in addition to the presence of As, presented a high level of Pb and Cu in C. gasar, which was attributed to the impacts of nautical activities in that locality.

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Lucien Reclaru ◽  
Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean ◽  
Catalin Adrian Miu ◽  
Alexandru Florian Grecu

Generally speaking, ceramic materials are insensitive to corrosion, compared to most other materials. The present study questions the fact that ceramics are inert. Two major aspects are to be considered: the stability of zirconia over time, the stable tetragonal phase transforming into an unstable monoclinic form; the multitude of manufacturing methods, using various additives, sintering additives, oxides mixing, impurities, grain boundaries, and porosities which strongly influence the corrosion behavior and chemical degradation. In case of the investigated ceramics two paths were pursued:a) Dissolutions of ceramics in a mixture of HNO3 60% and HF 40% ultrapure medium.b) Release of cations from ceramics in various mediums:dental bioceramics in a 0.07 M HCl medium and a 0.1% NaF+0.1% KF medium; ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications in a HCl 0.07 M medium and an artificial sweat medium. By inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/MS), traces of significant chemical elements were assessed: Hf, Cr, Y, As, Pb, Al, Fe, Cu, Se, Sb, La, Ni, Co, Sb, Ta, Te, Ba, Sm, Nb, Hg, Cd, Sr, As and Se. In ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications the concentrations found vary from one ceramic to another, including toxic elements such as Te, Ba, As, Pb, Sm, Hg and Cd, therefore being technical zirconia ceramics which are not intended for the medical field. For ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications a screening identification test for Ni, Co, Cu and Fe with strips of type Merckoquant® (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) was also performed. The obtained data prove that the zirconia ceramics in question are far from being “inert”.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Masoud Sattari ◽  
Mehdi Bibak ◽  
Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah

Background: There is little information about the trace elements (TEs) concentrations in the muscle tissue of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum) in the South Caspian Sea. Methods: A total of 51 R. kutum specimens were caught at five fishing stations (Gorgan, Sari, Kiashahr, Anzali, and Astara) in the South Caspian Sea from September 2018 to January 2019. The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was employed to measure the TEs concentrations in the fish muscles. Results: The maximum concentrations of Al (7.2 ppm), Pb (0.07 ppm), and Ni (0.02) were reported in Astara, and the highest concentrations of As (0.2 ppm), Cu (0.49 ppm), Cr (0.12 ppm), and Zn (1.56 ppm) were reported in Sari and Gorgan. The TEs concentrations measured in the fish muscles (except Mg, Zn, As, Al, Na, and S) had no significant differences among the sampling areas. The TEs concentrations were higher in the eastern areas (Sari and Gorgan) than in the western areas (Astara, Anzali, and Kiashahr) excluding As and Al. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Sn, Sb, Al, Cr, and Cd in muscles of R. kutum were found to be significantly lower (P<0.05) than the maximum permitted levels according to the WHO/FAO standards, while As concentrations were comparable to these standards. Conclusion: The TEs concentrations in different fishing stations of Kiashahr, Anzali, and Astara, located in the southwestern areas were respectively compared with those obtained from Sari and Gorgan, located in the middle and southeastern shore of the Caspian Sea. According to the results, the TEs concentrations obtained from the fish muscles cannot pose a threat to human health.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2006-2013
Author(s):  
Ramal Ahmed Mustafa

In this study, total concentrations of eleven chemical elements (Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Mn, Ni, Zn, P and Mg) in common spices of Kalar city- Iraq were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. This study indicates that spices are a good source of a combination of Ca, K, Na, P and Mg. The spices, Curcuma longa, Nigella Sativa and Elettaria cardamomum were found to be very good sources of essential trace elements like Fe, Zn and Mn. The concentrations of the all elements were within the WHO and FAO permissible levels. Therefore, health risks associated with these elements indicate that people would experience no potential risks due to consumption of the spices. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals has found plenty of secondary metabolites which are present in dry plant samples. EDI values of all the metals were found to be below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI).The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the most relevant and recent findings on spices and their active compounds in terms of targets and mode of action; in particular, their potential use in food preservation and enhancement of shelf life as a natural bio ingredient. Keywords: Spices, phytochemicals, food preservative, Minerals, Ash digestion, inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES.


2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vildan UYLASER ◽  
Gökçen YILDIZ

In this study, five different types of commercial table olive: Domat, Kalamata, Edremit (green), Edremit (black) and Gemlik, from Turkey, were investigated for the fatty acid composition and mineral content. Fatty acid analyses were performed by capillary gas chromatography. The fatty acid results showed that all table olives characterized by high level of were oleic acid (C18:1, 57.473-72.294%), linoleic acid (C18:2, 7.914-25.279%) and palmitic acid (C16:0, 9.735-16.441%). Moreover, in terms of the unsaturated oil content and a ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) value, Kalamata olives were found to be more advantageous as compared to the other table olive types. The sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and potassium (K) content of table olives were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Na was the most concentrated mineral detected (6637.722-20613.666 mg/kg), followed by K (2814.296-3386.520 mg/kg) and Ca (342.595-742.894 mg/kg). Results showed that there are differences among the fatty acid and mineral content of the commercial table olives depending on type.


Author(s):  
Nevenka Mijatovic ◽  
Anja Terzic ◽  
Lato Pezo ◽  
Ljiljana Milicic ◽  
Dragana Zivojinovic

A modification of analytical procedure for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) quantification of ten chemical elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the leachates obtained from cement binders was developed. Twenty-nine testing samples were used in the experiment. All samples were based on Portland cement. Fly ash of different origin, zeolite and bentonite were employed as mineral additives in the cement binders. Distilled water was used as leachate. Validation of the modified EDXRF procedure was conducted in terms of limits of detection and quantification, working range, linearity, selectivity, precision, trueness, and robustness. Traceability of the procedure was established using certified reference materials. Uncertainty of measurement was confirmed via ?in-house? laboratory validation approach. The expanded uncertainties for ten analysed elements were obtained for entire working range of EDXRF method. Robustness of the modified EDXRF procedure was assessed by means of chemometric in-house approach. The results obtained by modified X-ray fluorescence method were additionally correlated to those acquired by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry to confirm that EDXRF can be used as an effective and reliable alternative method for analysis of cement leachates.


Author(s):  
Abraham Addo-Bediako ◽  
Karabo Malakane

Benthic macroinvertebrates and sediments can act as good indicators of environmental quality. The aim of this study was to assess the accumulation of chemical elements in the Gomphidae (Odonata) collected in the Blyde River. Seven sites were sampled for river sediments assessment and five sites for larvae (naiads) of Gomphidae bioaccumulation analysis. The tissue samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed high levels of all of the tested elements except Cd in the sediment. The mean concentrations of As, Cu and Cr exceeded the standard guideline values, whereas Pb and Zn were below the standard guideline values. In the insect body tissue, the concentrations of most elements were higher than in the sediments. The elements with the highest concentrations were Mn, Zn, Cu, and As. The bioaccumulation factor (BF) showed a tendency for bioaccumulation for almost all of the selected elements in the insect. The BF value was high for Cu, Mn, Sb, and Zn (BF > 1). The high concentrations of elements in the insect body tissue may pose a risk to fish that consume them, and subsequently to humans when fish from the river are consumed. It is therefore important to monitor the river to reduce pollution to prevent health risks in humans, especially in communities that rely on the river for water and food.


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