scholarly journals Anatomical and morphometric study of goat middle ear ossicles (Capra aegagrus hircus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293
Author(s):  
A.C. Santos ◽  
A. Gradela ◽  
M.D. Faria
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Surgery Training ◽  
Ear Ossicles ◽  
Capra Aegagrus ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Human Ear

ABSTRACT The social and economic roles of goat farming in Northeastern Brazil, allied to the fact that the use of goat middle ear ossicles for research and human ear surgery training has not yet been proposed, justify the study of their applicability as an experimental model. The middle ears of 19 goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) from the bone collection of the Laboratory and Didactic Anatomy Museum of Domestic and Wild Animals of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF) were dissected. The malleus, incus, and stapes were evaluated regarding their macroscopic morphology and biometry (length, width, and height). Ossicle morphology was similar to sheep, human, and bovine morphology. The malleus was 1.3 times heavier and 2.2 times longer than the incus, and 9.0 times heavier and 3.7 times longer than the stapes. The size relationship was positive between the stapes and the malleus and negative between the stapes and the incus. It is concluded that the middle ear size and the anatomical similarities with human ossicles make goats a useful model for experimental scientific studies, reconstructive surgery practice of the ossicular chain, and human ear surgery training.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Evaluation of Defects to the Ossicular Chain in the Course of Chronic Otitis Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 014556131987391
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wiatr ◽  
Katarzyna Swiezy ◽  
Jacek Skladzien ◽  
Maciej Wiatr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Ossicles ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: Chronic otitis media is a heterogeneous disorder. Chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma and, to a lesser extent, chronic otitis media with granulation lead to the destruction of bone structures within the middle ear. Bone loss may appear in the prominence of the horizontal semicircular canals and the bony canal of the facial nerve. The inflammatory process may spread to the bony labyrinth of the sigmoidal sinuses and the cranial cavities. Materials and Methods: The analysis comprised the examination of fragments of auditory ossicles removed during surgery in 21 patients with various types of chronic inflammation of the middle ear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of scanning electron microscopy in evaluating the erosion of middle ear ossicles in different types of chronic otitis media. Images captured at various magnifications were used for the best possible illustration of the observed lesions in bone tissue. Results: The observed lesions and the degree of bone surface damage were dependent on the type of chronic inflammation of the middle ear. The largest destructive changes in the ossicular chain were observed in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma; smaller changes were observed in chronic otitis media with granulation. Conclusion: In the case of damage to the ossicles inflicted by inflammation, the use of a modeled bone block made of a temporal bone taken from outside the tympanic cavity or a biomaterial prosthesis is a good choice in ossiculoplasty.

Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry of the Middle Ear Ossicles

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey R. Ball ◽  
Alex Huber ◽  
Richard L. Goode
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Doppler Vibrometer ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Scanning Laser ◽  
Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Ear Ossicles

This paper describes measurements of the vibratory modes of the middle ear ossicles made with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. Previous studies of the middle ear ossicles with single-point laser Doppler measurements have raised questions regarding the vibrational modes of the ossicular chain. Single-point analysis methods do not have the ability to measure multiple points on the ossicles and, consequently, have limited ability to simultaneously record relative phase information at these points. Using a Polytec Model PSV-100, detailed measurements of the ossicular chain have been completed in the human temporal bone model. This model, when driven with a middle ear transducer, provides detailed three-dimensional data of the vibrational patterns of the middle ear ossicles. Implications for middle ear implantable devices are discussed.

A new device for real-time peroperative monitoring of ossicular chain reconstruction during middle ear surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-832
Author(s):  
Van Son Nguyen ◽  
Didier Rouxel ◽  
Brice Vincent ◽  
Joël Ducourneau ◽  
Cécile Parietti-Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Middle Ear Surgery ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
New Device ◽  
Ossicular Chain Reconstruction

scholarly journals Factors that have an influence on bone conduction thresholds changes after otosurgery in the patients operated on due to the perforation of the tympanic membrane with the preserved ossicular chain

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Maciej Wiatr ◽  
Agnieszka Wiatr ◽  
Sebastian Kocoń ◽  
Jacek Składzień
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Middle Ear Surgery ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Study Objective

Introduction: The aim of the middle ear surgery is to eliminate abnormalities from the mucous, ensure the due airing of the postoperative cavity and reconstruct the sound-conducting system in the middle ear. Numerous reports can be found in literature on the changes to bone conduction as a consequence of middle ear surgery. Study objective: The aim of the work is to define the factors that affect bone conduction in the patients operated on due to the perforation of the tympanic membrane with the preserved and normal mobile ossicular chain. Material and method: A prospective analysis of patients operated on due to diseases of the middle ear in 2009–2012 was carried out. The cases of patients operated on for the first time due to chronic otitis media were taken into consideration. The analysis encompassed the patients who had undergone myringoplasty. The patients were divided into several groups taking into account the abnormalities of the mucous observed during otosurgery. Results: A significant improvement of bone conduction was observed in the patients with dry perforation, without other lesions in the middle ear. The appropriate pharmacological treatment before otosurgery in patients with permanent discharge from the ear resulted in significant bone conduction improvement. The elimination of granulation lesions turned out to be a positive factor for the future improvement of the function of the inner ear. Conclusions: The lack of abnormalities on the mucous of the middle ear (e.g. granulation,) and discharge has a positive impact on improvement of bone conduction after myringoplasty. Adhesions in the tympanic cavity, especially in the niche of the round window, have a negative impact on improvement of bone conduction in patients after myringoplasty.

scholarly journals Radio-surgical correlation of chronic suppurative otitis media

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Yogeesha B. S. ◽  
Nagaraj Maradi ◽  
Ravi Shekhar ◽  
Rohini D. Urs
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Fallopian Canal ◽  
Ear Ossicles ◽  
Kappa Value

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) because of disease nature and location of vital structures like middle ear ossicles, facial nerve, and lateral semicircular canal poses clinical as well as radiological challenge in diagnosis, especially the squamosal variety. Hence this study to evaluate radio-surgical correlation in cases of CSOM.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively analysed 92 case records who met the inclusion criteria. Their pre-operative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) temporal bone imaging was evaluated for erosion of the ossicular chain and the fallopian canal. This was correlated with the surgical findings noted intra-operatively. The appropriate statistical analysis was carried out. The radio-surgical correlation was evaluated by Cohen’s kappa value.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The kappa value for status of ossicular chain was 0.805 and 0.384 for status of fallopian canal. HRCT imaging had a positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 94.3% and 85.3% respectively, in detecting ossicular chain erosion. In detecting fallopian canal erosion, HRCT showed a sensitivity of 33.3%. Analysing the individual ossicles, we found kappa to be 0.266 for malleus, 0.463 for incus and 0.827 for stapes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There was excellent radio-surgical correlation for ossicular chain erosion while it was poor for fallopian canal erosion. HRCT showed excellent radio-surgical correlation for stapes, moderate for incus and poor for malleus. In-spite of its shortcomings in differentiating cholesteatoma and non-cholesteatomatous pathologies of the middle ear cleft, HRCT imaging plays a key role in assessing the status of the ossicles and fallopian canal.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Early evolution of the ossicular chain in Cetacea: into the middle ear gears of a semi-aquatic protocetid whale

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1912) ◽  
pp. 20191417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël J. Mourlam ◽  
Maeva J. Orliac
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Ear Ossicles ◽  
Transmission Pathways ◽  
Functional Analyses

Modifications of the morphology and acoustic properties of the ossicular chain are among the major changes that accompanied the adaptation of Cetacea to the aquatic environment. Thus, data on the middle ear ossicles of early whales are crucial clues to understand the first steps of the emblematic terrestrial/aquatic transition that occurred in that group. Yet, the delicate nature and very small size of these bones make their preservation in the fossil record extremely rare. Due to the scarcity of available data, major questions remain concerning the sound transmission pathways in early non-fully aquatic whales. Virtual reconstruction of a partially complete ossicular chain of an Eocene protocetid whale documents for the first time the three ossicles of a semi-aquatic archaeocete. Contrary to previous hypotheses, these ossicles present different evolutionary patterns, showing that the ossicular chain does not act as a single morphological module. Functional analyses of the different middle ear units highlight a mosaic pattern of terrestrial and aquatic signatures. This integrative anatomical and functional study brings strong evidence that protocetids were adapted to their dual acoustic environment with efficient hearing in both air and water.

scholarly journals Acquisition of basic ear surgery skills: a randomized comparison between endoscopic and microscopic techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Anschuetz ◽  
Daniel Stricker ◽  
Abraam Yacoub ◽  
Wilhelm Wimmer ◽  
Marco Caversaccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Endoscopic Technique ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Microscopic Technique ◽  
Ear Surgery

Abstract Background Endoscopic ear surgery is gaining increasing popularity and has an important impact on teaching middle ear anatomy and basic surgical skills among residents and fellows. Due to the wide-angled views offered, the approach significantly differs from the established microscopic technique. This randomized study compares the acquisition of basic ear-surgery skills using the endoscopic and microscopic technique under standardized conditions. We aim to investigate the required surgical times, attempts and accidental damages to surrounding structures (errors) in surgeons with different training levels. Methods Final-year medical students (n = 9), residents (n = 14) and consultants (n = 10) from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery at the University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland were enrolled in the present study. After randomization every participant had to complete a standard set of grasping and dissecting surgical tasks in a temporal bone model. After the first session the participants were crossed over to the other technique. Results Time required for completion of the surgical tasks was similar for both techniques, but highly dependent on the training status. A significant increase in the number of damages to the ossicular chain was observed with the microscopic as compared to the endoscopic technique (p < 0.001). Moreover, students beginning with the endoscopic technique showed an overall significantly lower amount of time to complete the tasks (p = 0.04). From the subjective feedback a preference towards the endoscopic technique mainly in medical students was observed. Conclusions The endoscopic approach is useful and beneficial for teaching basic surgical skills, mainly by providing a reduction of damage to surrounding tissues with similar operating times for both techniques. Moreover, medical students performed significantly faster, when first taught in the endoscopic technique. Especially for young surgeons without previous training in ear surgery, the endoscope should be considered to improve surgical skills in the middle ear.

Middle Ear Air Injection after Chronic Ear Surgery

1993 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Silverstein ◽  
Michael Gordon ◽  
Seth I. Rosenberg ◽  
Michael Seidman ◽  
Thomas O. Willcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eustachian Tube Function ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tube Function

In the early period after chronic ear surgery, the reasons for conductive hearing loss may be difficult to determine. Patients who cannot autoinflate the middle ear after 3 weeks, or who have a negative Rinne test result with the 512 Hz tuning fork, are treated with a transtympanic injection of 0.5 cc of air with a 27-gauge needle and tuberculin syringe. This represents 20% of patients who had chronic ear surgery. Results show that hearing may be immediately improved, the sensation of pressure in the ear may be reduced, and fluid may be cleared from the middle ear. Other benefits may include the release of adhesions. The surgeon is better able to assess the thickness of the graft, and the status of the ossicular chain reconstruction can be determined. There have been no complications of middle ear infection or failure of the micropuncture site to heal. In our practice, middle ear air injection is a routine procedure in patients with inadequate eustachian tube function after chronic ear surgery. This report describes the results of 100 patients over 14 years who received middle ear air injections after chronic ear surgery compared with a control group of 100 patients who did not meet the criteria for requiring air injection. Hearing was immediately improved in 74% of patients as determined by Rinne testing. Audiograms were performed in 25 of these patients, documenting a mean improvement in pure-tone average of 16 dB. The long-term hearing results in patients undergoing air injection, who by definition had evidence of poor eustachian tube function, are similar to the results in the control group. This may indicate a lasting benefit of air injection. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993;109:488-92.)

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