scholarly journals Differential diagnoses in 83 dogs with icterus

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-465
Author(s):  
Maria C. Andrade ◽  
Letícia B. Oliveira ◽  
Ágna F. Santos ◽  
Matheus V.L. Moreira ◽  
Felipe Pierezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Bilirubin Excretion ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Plasmatic Concentration

ABSTRACT: Icterus (jaundice) is a yellowish pigmentation resulting from the depositing of bilirubin in tissues due to its high plasmatic concentration. The pathogenesis of icterus includes metabolic changes or obstructed bilirubin excretion and it is classified as pre-hepatic, hepatic and post-hepatic. This study aimed to evaluate and classify different causes of icterus in dogs during post mortem examination. These dogs were examined from 2014 to 2017, using macroscopic and histologic exams as well as ancillary tests. Eighty-three dogs were examined macroscopically and microscopically. They were separated into groups of icterus types: 24 (28.9%) dogs had pre-hepatic icterus, 45 (54.2%) had hepatic, 13 (15.7%) pre-hepatic and hepatic and one (1.2%) had post-hepatic icterus. Many factors were identified as a cause of icterus, including infectious agents (51/83), neoplasms (13/83), hepatic degeneration (11/83), chronic hepatic diseases (6/83), and obstructive causes (1/87). Among the infectious causes, leptospirosis, ehrlichiosis and disorders suggestive of septicemia were diagnosed. Neoplasms associated with icterus were cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma and lymphoma. Other causes of icterus included degenerative diseases, such as lipidosis and glycogen degeneration. Hepatic fibrosis (cirrhosis) as a chronic disease and cholelithiasis also produced icterus. PCR was performed to confirm leptospirosis and ehrlichiosis. Samples of total DNA were used to amplify a fragment of a gene from Leptospira interrogans and Ehrlichia canis. In some dogs, co-infection of these agents was detected. The classification and identification of icterus etiologies in dogs is very important due to the number of diseases with this alteration, where ante mortem diagnosis is not always easily performed when some of these conditions are present.

scholarly journals Target identification of hepatic fibrosis using Pien Tze Huang based on mRNA and lncRNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhang Zhu ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Zhiliang Chen ◽  
Luan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Pien Tze Huang

AbstractHepatic fibrosis is a spontaneous wound-healing response triggered by chronic liver injury. Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been widely used to treat various hepatic diseases in Asia. We used a CCl4-induced mouse model to establish a PZH group of hepatic fibrosis mice treated with PZH and a control group of hepatic fibrosis mice without any treatment. We performed RNA-seq and mass spectrometry sequencing to investigate the mechanism of the PZH response in hepatic fibrosis and identified multiple differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) and proteins (DEPs) that may be drug targets of PZH. Liver functional indices, including serum albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were significantly decreased in the PZH treatment group (P < 0.05) in the eighth week. Hematoxylin–eosin (HE), Masson and Sirius red staining demonstrated that PZH significantly inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen deposition. A total of 928 transcripts and 138 proteins were differentially expressed in PZH-treated mice compared to the control group. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that PZH may alleviate liver injury and fibrosis by enhancing the immune process. Taken together, our results revealed that multiple DETs and DEPs may serve as drug targets of PZH in hepatic fibrosis patient in future clinical practice.

scholarly journals Mors Gaudet Succurrere Vitae. The Role of Clinical Autopsy in Preventing Litigation Related to the Management of Liver and Digestive Disorders

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Stefano D’Errico ◽  
Martina Zanon ◽  
Michela Peruch ◽  
Monica Concato ◽  
Martina Padovano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

Over the last 50 years, the number of clinical autopsies has decreased, but their role in assessing cause of death and clinical performance is still acknowledged. Few publications have studied their role in malpractice claim prevention. The paper aims to highlight the role of clinical autopsy in preventing errors and improve healthcare quality. A retrospective study was conducted on 28 clinical autopsies performed between 2015 and 2021 on patients dead unexpectedly after procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive and hepatic diseases. After an accurate analysis of medical records and consultation with healthcare professionals, all cases were subjected to autopsy and histopathology. The data obtained were analyzed and shared with the risk-management team to identify pitfalls and preventive strategies. Post-mortem evaluations confirmed the clinical diagnosis only in six cases (21.4%). Discordances were observed in 10 cases (35.7%). In the remaining 12 cases (42.9%) the clinical diagnosis was labeled as “unknown” and post-mortem examinations made it possible to document the cause of death. Post-mortem examinations can concretely enrich hospital prevention systems and improve patient safety. The methodological approach outlined certainly demonstrates that, even in the risk-management field, “mors gaudet succurrere vitae” (“death delights in helping life”).

scholarly journals Altered Antibody Profiles against Common Infectious Agents in Chronic Disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e81635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Burbelo ◽  
Kathryn H. Ching ◽  
Caryn G. Morse ◽  
Ilias Alevizos ◽  
Ahmad Bayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Infectious Agents

scholarly journals Post-mortem hemoparasite detection in free-living Brazilian brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira, Fischer 1814)

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Angélica Gonçalves da Silveira ◽  
Élida Mara Leite Rabelo ◽  
Paula Cristina Senra Lima ◽  
Bárbara Neves Chaves ◽  
Múcio Flávio Barbosa Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Mazama Gouazoubira ◽  
Nested Pcr Assays ◽  
Brocket Deer

Tick-borne infections can result in serious health problems for wild ruminants, and some of these infectious agents can be considered zoonosis. The aim of the present study was the post-mortem detection of hemoparasites in free-living Mazama gouazoubira from Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The deer samples consisted of free-living M. gouazoubira (n = 9) individuals that died after capture. Necropsy examinations of the carcasses were performed to search for macroscopic alterations. Organ samples were collected for subsequent imprint slides, and nested PCR assays were performed to detect hemoparasite species. Imprint slide assays from four deer showed erythrocytes infected with Piroplasmida small trophozoites, and A. marginale corpuscles were observed in erythrocytes from two animals. A. marginale and trophozoite co-infections occurred in two deer. A nested PCR analysis of the organs showed that six of the nine samples were positive for Theileria sp., five were positive for A. phagocytophilum and three were positive for A. marginale, with co-infection occurring in four deer. The results of the present study demonstrate that post-mortemdiagnostics using imprint slides and molecular assays are an effective method for detecting hemoparasites in organs.

scholarly journals Clinicodiagnostic problems of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Schekotova ◽  
I. A. Bulatova ◽  
S. V. Paducheva
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Dynamic Observation ◽  
Puncture Biopsy

The problems of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis diagnosis are discussed in the paper. At the modern stage, diagnosis of chronic hepatic diseases is based on laboratory, instrumental, morphological methods of study and calculated indices. Puncture biopsy of the liver is referred to the most reliable diagnostic methods. However, there are some complexities while implementing this procedure, which do not permit to use morphological studies for dynamic observation. The method of ultrasound elastometry is offered as an alternative to puncture biopsy of the liver. However, it also has some technical limits that resulted in development of noninvasive, in particular, laboratory methods of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis diagnosis.

scholarly journals Idiotypes Expressed Early in Experimental Schistosoma mansoni Infections Predict Clinical Outcomes of Chronic Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 195 (9) ◽  
pp. 1223-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Angela Montesano ◽  
Daniel G. Colley ◽  
Margaret T. Willard ◽  
George L. Freeman ◽  
W. Evan Secor
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Critical Events

In murine Schistosoma mansoni infections, schistosome-specific cross-reactive idiotypes (CRI) are present in the sera of mice with moderate splenomegaly syndrome (MSS) at 20 wk after infection. In contrast, sera from animals that have the more severe hypersplenomegaly syndrome (HSS) at 20 wk of infection do not express these CRI in their sera. To examine when these regulatory CRI first appear in mice that eventually develop MSS, sera from infected animals were monitored for CRI from 1.5 to 20 wk of infection. In mice that eventually developed MSS, CRI were detected by 5 to 6 wk after infection, plateaued by 8 to 10 wk, and persisted through 20 wk of infection. Animals that developed HSS pathology or that died before 20 wk of infection never expressed CRI. Moreover, CRI levels present in the sera of mice at 6 wk of infection were inversely correlated with splenomegaly and hepatic fibrosis, but not with parasitologic measures, at 20 wk after infection. These results suggest that critical events occur very early in some schistosome infections that induce the production of regulatory idiotypes and that the presence or absence of these idiotypes predicts, and possibly determines, subsequent morbidity.

scholarly journals Role of PNPLA3 in the Assessment and Monitoring of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Who Achieved a Sustained Virologic Response

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Oana Irina Gavril ◽  
Lidia Iuliana Arhire ◽  
Otilia Gavrilescu ◽  
Mihaela Dranga ◽  
Oana Barboi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Sustained Viral Response ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

Background and Objectives: Hepatic diseases are an important public health problem. All patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection receive treatment, regardless of hepatic fibrosis severity. However, evaluation of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis is still useful in assessing evolution, prognosis and monitoring of hepatic disease, especially after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). The aim of this study was to assess the link between patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) polymorphism and the degree of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV infection, as well as changes in steatosis and fibrosis three monthsafter obtaining a sustained viral response (SVR). Materials and Methods:Ourstudy included 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection and compensated cirrhosis who received DAA treatment and who were evaluated using Fibromax prior to and 3 months after SVR. The influence of PNPLA3 (CC, CG, GG) genotype among these patients on the degree of post-treatment regression of steatosis and fibrosis was assessed. Results: Regression was noticed in the degree of both hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis post-DAA treatment (three months after SVR). Analysis of the correlation between PNPLA3 genotype and fibrosis indicated that the average level of fibrosis (F) before DAA treatment was higher in patients with the GG genotype than in patients with the CC or CG genotype. Three months after SVR, the average level of fibrosis decreased; however, it remained significantly increased in GG subjects compared to that in CC or CG patients. The degree of hepatic steatosis before treatment was not significantly different among patients with different PNPLA3 genotypes, and no significant correlations were observed three months after SVR. Conclusions: The genetic variants of PNPLA3 influence the evolution of hepatic fibrosis. The GG subtype plays an important role in the degree of hepatic fibrosis both before and after treatment (three months after SVR)and could be a prognostic marker for assessment of post-SVR evolution.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Arcobacter in pet birds of northern Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
S. SEIFI ◽  
R. KHOSHBAKHT ◽  
A. AZIZPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Pet birds can harbor human pathogens and contribute to the transmission of infectious agents to human. Since many people are interested in keeping pet birds, this study was conducted in pet birds from Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Totally, 174 fecal samples of pet birds (cockatiel, canary, lovebird, parrot, mynah, goldfinch, budgerigar, macaw, dove, pigeon, and bulbul) were collected with sterile cotton swabs and submitted to Faculty ofVeterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology (Amol, Iran). After extraction of total DNA, the samples subjected to molecular detection of the Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Arcobacter using polymerase chain reaction. A total of 114 (65.5%), 28 (16%), and 86 (49.4%) samples were found positive for Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Arcobacter, respectively. Furthermore, some birds showed contamination with two or all three of these bacteria. Results showed that mentioned bacteria can be detected from the apparently healthy pet birds. Therefore pet birds can be considered as potential carriers of these enteropathogens.

scholarly journals Infection by Mycobacterium caprae in three cattle herds in Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Magnani ◽  
Mauro Cavalca ◽  
Marco Pierantoni ◽  
Andrea Luppi ◽  
Anna Maria Cantoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Italian Region ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Mycobacterium Caprae ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Cattle Herds

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a contagious chronic disease associated with progressive emaciation (starvation) and tubercles (granuloma) formation commonly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. In cattle, M. caprae may also be responsible for bTB. In EU, human tuberculosis due to M. bovis had a notification rate of 0.04 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2017, but data did not include M. caprae infections. From September 2018 to April 2019, bTB outbreaks were investigated in three neighbouring dairy cattle herds in Parma province, Northern Italy. Parma municipality belongs to an officially free of bovine tuberculosis (OTF) Italian region. Official testing on cattle herds, performed every three years as legally required, revealed no positive animals. Tubercular lesions were found during the post mortem (PM) examination of slaughtered cattle and M. caprae genotype SB0418/VNTR 4,3,5,3,4,5,2,2,4, 3,15,5 was isolated. This report confirms the crucial importance of PM veterinary inspection at slaughterhouse, despite the OTF status of cattle herds.

scholarly journals CULTURES FROM THE BLOOD In SEPTICÆMIA, PNEUMONIA, MENINGITIS AND CHRONIC DISEASES

1899 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 425-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Warren White
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Lobar Pneumonia ◽  
Late Stages

Our conclusions from the literature and our own experiments may be summarized as follows: I. Blood for bacteriological examination during life should be taken directly from the veins and in considerable quantity. II. Resorption of toxines is the most important feature in cases of sepsis; pyogenie bacteria invade the general circulation in a rather small proportion even of severe eases, and, as a rule, late in the course of the disease. III. A general infection by the pnenmococcus can be demonstrated occasionally in the late stages of acute lobar pneumonia. IV. The value of blood cultures as a means of diagnosis in obscure cases of sepsis is limited by the fact that invasion of the blood by the specific organism cannot be demonstrated during life in the majority of cases. Positive cultures are very valuable; negative cultures do not exclude local septic infections. V. The detection of specific bacteria in the blood of cases of sepsis and of pneumonia gives a very unfavorable prognosis in most cases. VI. General terminal infections with pyogenic cocci occasionally occur as an immediate cause of death in chronic disease. Local infections processes play this part more frequently. VII. As far as our experiments have shown, invasion of the blood by bacteria during the death agony, with subsequent distribution of the genus to the organs by the circulation, is a rather uncommon occurrence. VIII. Owing to the relative infrequency of agonal invasion, we believe that in the majority of cases where the autopsy is performed promptly after death, the bacteria which are found in the organs succeeded in reaching these organs previously to the death agony, and are associated with the course of the disease. IX. The presence of bacteria in the organs of late autopsies is due in many cases to post-mortem extension from one organ to another, and in some cases to the post-mortem growth of small numbers of genus which were distributed to the organs by means of the circulation.

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