scholarly journals Bovine digital dermatitis in the Brazilian Amazon biome and topical treatment with Copaifera reticulata oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 842-851
Author(s):  
Henrique A. Bomjardim ◽  
Mariana C. Oliveira ◽  
Marilene F. Brito ◽  
Carlos M.C. Oliveira ◽  
Bruno M. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Copaiba Oil ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Low Prevalence

ABSTRACT: Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD) was studied in crossbred dairy cows grazing in Rondon do Pará, in the state of Pará, as well as in Açailândia and Cidelândia, in the state of Maranhão, Brazilian Amazon biome. The digits inspection from the dairy cows during milking was performed in ten farms comprising four visits (August and November 2016; April and July 2017). The cows were kept all year in pastures, and were mechanically milked on concrete floors and the animals were protected against the rains in eight farms, maintaining a daily cleaning, however, it could not be found a concrete floor in pre- or post-milking to ensure milking parlor on three farms. Manual milking on no concrete floors was performed in two farms. No preventive measures against hoof lesions were adopted. The BDD prevalence was 1.3% (22/1664), and no statistical difference among rainy or no rainy season was obtained (p = 0.72). The BDD lesions were classified according to “M system” (M0 = no lesion, M1 = active ulceration <2cm, M2 = active ulceration >2cm, M3 = healing stage, M4 = chronic stage, M4.1 = M4 with active ulceration). Regarding the 22 BDD lesions observed, 22.7% (5/22) were M1 stage, 36.4% (8/22) M2, 22.7% (5/22) M3, 13.6% (3/22) M4 and 4.5 (1/22) M4.1. Hypertrophic hairs at the edges of the lesions caused by fly larvae of genus Cochliomyia spp. as well as alterations on the hoof were also observed. Topical treatment was performed in six BDD lesions with a raw extract from trees of the genus Copaifera reticulata (Copaiba oil) and compared with the treatment of salicylic acid paste in five BDD lesions. The lesions were protected with a bandage for seven days and followed weekly until recovery. The complete therapeutic responses were 83.4% (5/6) and 75% (3/4), respectively, with an average time of seven weeks. The BDD in the Amazon biome occurs in low prevalence, not seasonal, and presents macro and microscopic features similar to BDD lesions from dairy cattle kept in free-stall housing. The treatment with copaiba oil showed similar results to the treatment of salicylic acid paste and can be used in control measures to BDD in the Amazon biome.

Polyurethane dressing, tetracycline and salicylic acid use for treatment of digital dermatitis in cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (06) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sauter-Louis ◽  
J. Maierl ◽  
A. Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Conventional Methods

SummaryObjective: The use of antibiotics is a proven approach for local and systemic treatment of digital dermatitis (DD). Even if they are administered only locally and at low dosage, their use should be restricted to an absolute minimum. The efficacy of a commercial polyurethane wound dressing in treating acute digital dermatitis was compared with topical treatment using a commercially available tetracycline spray and a salicylic acid paste. Materials and methods: A total of 105 cows in a dairy farm (with about 160 dairy cows) were included in the study, with 101 cows needing topical treatment for digital dermatitis on one or both hind feet. All animals underwent hoof trimming prior to the treatment. Affected feet (n = 152) were randomly assigned to one of three comparable treatment groups. Topical treatment was administered to all visible digital dermatitis lesions. Animals in the positive control groups were given a topical treatment of tetracycline (53 DD lesions in 49 cows) or salicylic acid (53 DD lesions in 50 cows) formulations, whose therapeutic effects were scientifically verified. Spray was applied once, at a usual dosage and without any bandage. Salicylic acid paste was fixed in place with a bandage for 5 days. In the test group (46 DD lesions in 45 cows), a polyurethane bandage was left in place for 10 days. Whereas, 47 feet (from 38 cows) without lesions or with lesions showing no pain were designated as group 0. Each lesion was evaluated at day 0 during trimming, and on day 10 and 36. The lesions were scored based on severity and size. Results: All groups showed a statistically significant improvement in the clinical appearance of the lesions at day 10. There were no significant differences in the findings between the second and the third evaluation (day 10 and day 36) either within a group or between the groups. Conclusion: The use of an alternative treatment regimen like a polyurethane wound dressing shows good clinical healing, it is as effective as the conventional methods, and unlike the conventional methods, does not require a latency period.

scholarly journals Phenytoin: A promising non-antibiotic drug for the topical treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 2907-2912
Author(s):  
El-Sayed El-Shafaey ◽  
Mohamed A. Hamed ◽  
Eman Abo Elfadl ◽  
Naglaa A. Gomaa ◽  
Mohamed Abdo Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Phenytoin Sodium

Background and Aim: Digital dermatitis (DD) is one of the most common causes of lameness in dairy cattle. It is seen in nearly all dairy herds across the world and has substantial welfare and economic implications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of phenytoin sodium topical treatment on painful ulcerative stage of bovine digital dermatitis (BDD). Materials and Methods: In total, 45 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows with DD were randomly assigned to one of the three topical treatment trials (15 each): Saline solution (first treatment, negative control), chlortetracycline spray (second treatment, positive control), or phenytoin sodium powder (third treatment, positive control) (third treatment). On day 0 (pre-treatment) and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-treatment, the response of DD-affected cows to the medications used was evaluated by measuring lesion depth and size, as well as the total clinical score (lameness, pain, and discomfort). Results: The cure rate in cows treated with phenytoin (86.66%) on day 28 was significantly improved compared to cows treated with either chlortetracycline (60%) or normal saline (6.66 %). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the superiority of phenytoin over the commonly used antibacterial agent, chlortetracycline, in the topical treatment of BDD, and subsequently suggest that phenytoin should be considered a suitable alternative treatment option for the treatment of BDD.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a biocide footbath solution in the occurrence and healing of digital dermatitis lesions in dairy cows: A clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Ariza ◽  
N. Bareille ◽  
A. Lehebel ◽  
K. Oberle ◽  
A. Relun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Digital Dermatitis

scholarly journals Synopsis of the genus Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. (Piperaceae) in Roraima State, Brazil

Hoehnea ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Melo ◽  
Elsie F. Guimarães ◽  
Marccus Alves
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
New Records ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Guayana Shield ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Várzea Forests ◽  
Central South ◽  
Shape And Size

ABSTRACT Peperomia is the second most diverse genus of Piperaceae, with an estimated 1,600 species and a pantropical distribution. This work aims to present a taxonomic synopsis of the genus in the State of Roraima, in the extreme north of the Brazilian Amazon forest and belonging to the central-south portion of the Guayana Shield. Based on collecting expeditions and analysis of specimens in various herbaria, 23 taxa were recognized, with two new records for the State and one of them, a new record for Brazil. The taxa are differentiated mainly by phyllotaxis, shape and size of their leaves, in addition to habit and fruits. They have been found in areas of lowland, submontane, montane, tepui and floodplain (várzea) forests and mostly show a distribution restricted to the Neotropics. Some species in the state are presently known exclusively from Mount Roraima, and restricted to a few specimens.

scholarly journals A new Paxillus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Passalidae: Passalinae) from the state of Amazonas, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos da Fonseca ◽  
Fernando Bernardo Pinto Gouveia ◽  
Maria Fernanda Souza Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State

Paxillus is a neotropical genus belonging to the subfamily Passalinae widespread from Mexico to Argentina. Brazil is known to harbor five species belonging to this genus with most of them presenting at head a flattened central tubercle lacking a free apex. However, one of these species, Paxillus macrocerus Reyes-Castillo & Fonseca, differs from that pattern by having a long central tubercle with a completely free apex. The present study describes and illustrates another new species, which has been found in the Brazilian Amazon, showing this same characteristic.

scholarly journals Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from a bamboo-dominated forest in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, with the first records of Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896 and Phylloderma stenops Peters, 1865 from Acre state

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321
Author(s):  
Rair Sousa Verde ◽  
Sidney Ferreira Oliveira ◽  
Andressa Oliveira Meneses ◽  
Felipe Gonçalves ◽  
Luana Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
The State ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
First Time

There are only a few published bat surveys from the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, but recent studies have reported additional bats species in the region. We provide the first list of bat species from Floresta Estadual do Antimary (Antimary State Forest) and record for the first time Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896 and Phylloderma stenops Peters, 1865 in the state of Acre, increasing to 64 the number of species known from this state. Our survey enlarges the known geographic range of G. sylvestris in Brazilian territory and improves the inventory of bat species in a poorly sampled region of the Amazon.&nbsp;

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