scholarly journals Spontaneous poisoning by Ateleia glazioviana (leg. Papilionoideae) in sheep and goats in the West region of Santa Catarina

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Gava ◽  
Franciéli A. Molossi ◽  
Daiane Ogliari ◽  
Elaine Melchioretto ◽  
Eduardo Pasquali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
West Region ◽  
Facial Edema ◽  
Being Moved

ABSTRACT: This study reported the epidemiological data and the clinical and pathological conditions of spontaneous poisoning by Ateleia glazioviana in sheep and goats in the West region of Santa Catarina. The small ruminants were located in a place where there was a large amount of young plants of A. glazioviana and showing signs of consumption. The stock of sheep was composed of 250 animals, of which 45 died. In the goat herd, there were 28 animals, and of these, 27 died, and one was sacrificed. The main clinical signs were weight loss, fatigue, slow-walk, and eventually submandibular and facial edema. Some animals were found dead, and others died suddenly after being moved. Abortions and the birth of weak lambs were also observed. In total, five sheep and one goat were necropsied. The main macroscopic lesions were associated to eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and moderate, multifocal white areas in the epicardium and myocardium. Two sheep showed marked edema in the subcutaneous tissue of the head and neck and it could be noted hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum and liver with a nutmeg-like appearance. Histological changes were relevant in the myocardium. They consisted of fibrosis and myofiber necrosis associated with macrophage infiltrate, multifocal, low and marked swelling of cardiomyocytes with loss of fibrillarystriae, and increased nuclear volume. In two sheep, there was still congenital hepatic, as well as marked centrilobular and diffuse areas.

scholarly journals Peste des petits ruminants in Africa: a review of currently available molecular epidemiological data, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 (10) ◽  
pp. 2147-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Dundon ◽  
Adama Diallo ◽  
Giovanni Cattoli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Global Eradication

Abstract Small ruminants (e.g., sheep and goats) contribute considerably to the cash income and nutrition of small farmers in most countries in Africa and Asia. Their husbandry is threatened by the highly infectious transboundary viral disease peste des petits ruminants (PPR) caused by peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV). Given its social and economic impact, PPR is presently being targeted by international organizations for global eradication by 2030. Since its first description in Côte d’Ivoire in 1942, and particularly over the last 10 years, a large amount of molecular epidemiological data on the virus have been generated in Africa. This review aims to consolidate these data in order to have a clearer picture of the current PPR situation in Africa, which will, in turn, assist authorities in global eradication attempts.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pneumonia in Sheep and Goats Slaughtered at Elfora Bishoftu Export Abattoir, Ethiopia: A Pathological Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Mekibib ◽  
Tadesse Mikir ◽  
Amene Fekadu ◽  
Rahmeto Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Ancillary Test ◽  
Pulmonary Adenomatosis ◽  
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia

Accurate clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, the leading cause of mortality in small ruminants, is difficult and usually requires postmortem examination of the lungs. An active abattoir survey was conducted between November 2017 and April 2018 to estimate the prevalence and characterize the gross and histopathological lesions of pneumonic lungs in 864 clinically healthy young small ruminants (490 sheep and 374 goats aged 1.5 to 3 years) raised for meat in different parts of the country and slaughtered at Elfora Bishoftu export abattoir, Ethiopia. Out of the total lungs examined grossly, pneumonic lesions were found in 158 (18.29%) lungs. On histopathological examination of the lungs with gross pneumonic lesion, however, typical pneumonic lesions were diagnosed in 148 (17.13%) lungs only. No significant (p>0.05) difference was noted in the prevalence of pneumonia between sheep (17.14%) and goats (17.11%) in histopathological examination. Based on the predominant histopathological findings, the pneumonic lesions were characterized as interstitial pneumonia (41.9%), acute suppurative bronchopneumonia (25.7%), acute fibrinous bronchopneumonia (24.3%), chronic bronchopneumonia (6.1%), aspiration pneumonia (4.7%), bronchointerstitial pneumonia (3.4%), and ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (3.4%). The study further showed the spread of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis and ovine progressive pneumonia (Maedi) from the central highlands to areas that were previously free from these diseases. Due to its better diagnostic capacity, histopathology should be employed routinely as an ancillary test in the major abattoirs and regional veterinary laboratories to generate additional epidemiological data for a better disease control and prevention measures. Further studies are also recommended to identify the etiological agents of pneumonia in sheep and goats and thereby to formulate feasible and cost-effective interventions.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RdRp genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES DE MILHETO PARA A COMERCIALIZAÇÃO NO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Jerffeson Araujo Cavalcante ◽  
Ricardo Miotto Ternus
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
West Region ◽  
Legal Standard ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
North And South

Millet is one of the main grasses used for summer cultivation, however, one of the problemsinvolving pasture formation in Brazil is the variation in the quality of the seeds of commercial forage species, and this has compromised the establishment of pastures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and physiological characteristics of millet seeds commercialized in different regions of the State of Santa Catarina, in the 2014/2015 harvest. Seventeen lots of millet seeds of BRS 1501 from different commercial establishments and regions (Far West, West, Midwest, North and South) ofthe State of Santa Catarina were used. The physical and physiological quality of seed lots was evaluated. The germination of the analyzed lots, independently of the region, was in accordance with the current legal standards. Only the lots from the West region presented values below the legal standard of 95% for physical purity, but not differing from the others. No differences between the lots collected by region were verified for the vigor evaluations. However, it was observed that the lots presented highgermination and low emergence, being characterized a problem in the establishment of pastures in the field.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals Accuracy of methods to estimate potential acidity and lime requirement in soils of west region of Santa Catarina

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Predebon ◽  
Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽  
Gilmar Luiz Mumbach ◽  
Djalma Eugenio Schmitt ◽  
Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Calcium Acetate ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
The West ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
The Real ◽  
West Region ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
High Buffer Capacity ◽  
Potential Acidity

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare two methods of evaluation of potencial acidity (H+Al) and two methods to estimate liming requirement (LR) for soils from the west region of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Fourteen soils were incubated with 7 lime rates for 120 days, obtaining the real values of H+Al at pH 7.0 and LR. These values were used as reference to evaluate the accuracy of two H+Al estimating methods: SMP buffer and calcium acetate at pH 7.0, and to evaluate the accuracy of two LR methods: base saturation (BS) and SMP index. On average, H+Al was underestimated in 6 and 40% by SMP and calcium acetate methods, respectively, especially in soils with high buffer capacity. The LR was underestimated in 20 and 30% by SMP index and BS, respectively. The SMP Index showed a better LR estimative than BS, especially in soils with high buffer capacity.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RdRp genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cattle Rearing

Abstract Background Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry, particularly with respect to cattle rearing, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank. Results The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3%, consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RdRp genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed between our isolates and those from elsewhere. Conclusions Given that Ghana predominantly practices the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RdRp genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals A Review of the Current Status of Peste des Petits Ruminants Epidemiology in Small Ruminants in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enokela S. Idoga ◽  
Bryony Armson ◽  
Ruth Alafiatayo ◽  
Adah Ogwuche ◽  
Erik Mijten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Sheep And Goats

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats with high mortality. The disease is of considerable economic importance in countries such as Tanzania, where small ruminant products are important for sustainable livelihoods. This review assesses current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of PPRV in Tanzania, highlighting the challenges with respect to control and suggesting possible interventions. Thirty-three articles were identified after literature searches using Google Scholar and PubMed. Studies revealed that PPRV is endemic in sheep and goats in Tanzania, although seropositivity has also been reported in cattle, camels, buffalo, Grant's gazelle, wildebeest and impala, but with no clinical manifestation. Three lineages (lineage II to IV) of PPRV have been identified in Tanzania, implying at least two separate introductions of the virus. Diagnosis of PPR in Tanzania is mostly by observation of clinical signs and lesions at post mortem. Risk factors in Tanzania include age, sex, species, and close contact of animals from different farms/localities. Although there is an efficacious vaccine available for PPR, poor disease surveillance, low vaccine coverage, and uncontrolled animal movements have been the bane of control efforts for PPR in Tanzania. There is need for collaborative efforts to develop interventions to control and eradicate the disease. The establishment of a national reference laboratory for PPR, conduct of surveillance, the development of high-quality DIVA vaccines, as well as execution of a carefully planned national vaccination campaign may be key to the control and subsequent eradication of PPR in Tanzania and achieving the global goal of eradicating PPR by 2030.

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