Residual effect of pig slurry on common carpet grass pasture

Field studies were undertaken at Offinso in the Ashanti Region of Ghana during the 2015/2016 growing season to evaluate growth, root and dry matter yields of an improved cassava variety (Bankyehemaa) treated with poultry manure (PM), NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 23-10-10 fertilizers. The treatment structure was a 3 x 4 factorial, laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Three levels of fertilizer (600 kg/ha NPK 15-15-15, 600 kg/ha NPK 23-10-10 and 2 t/ha PM) were applied at 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after planting. The parameters measured included plant height, fresh and dry shoot weights, number of stems per plant, stem girth, fresh and dry root yields and total dry matter yield. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using the Genstat Statistical package. Main effects of fertilizer type and time of fertilizer application on most of the parameters measured were not significant. However, the interaction effects of the two factors were significant in all the parameters measured. Vegetative growth of Bankyehemaa increased when mineral fertilizers were applied earlier than 12 weeks after planting. The highest fresh and dry shoot weights and the biggest stems were produced when NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer was applied at 6 weeks after planting. Plants treated with NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer at 10 weeks after planting were the tallest, while those treated with NPK 23-10-10 fertilizer at 8 weeks after planting produced the highest number of stems per plant. Application of poultry manure at 6 weeks after planting produced the highest fresh cassava root yield of 28.10 t/ha. The highest dry matter yield of 19.80 t/ha was obtained when poultry manure was applied at 12 weeks after planting.

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Sources and doses of nitrogen in plant cane production and residual effect on the first ratoon of sugarcane in a savannah Red Oxisol

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.05.p3016 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 708-715

Author(s):

Flávio Henrique Ferreira Gomes ◽

Frederico Antonio Loureiro Soares ◽

Marconi Batista Teixeira ◽

Antonio Evami Cavalcante Sousa ◽

Edson Cabral da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Structural Components ◽

N Application ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Different Sources

The expansion of sugarcane cultivation, especially in areas with low natural soil fertility, such as savannah regions, requires greater efficiency in the application of nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the application of different sources and doses of nitrogen on the dry matter yield and productivity of sugarcane in the plant cane cycle and the residual effect of such application on the first ratoon cycle of sugarcane (var. SP80-1816) cultivated in a dystrophic Red Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design analyzed in a factorial scheme of 2 × 4 with three replications. The evaluated factors consisted of two sources of N (ammonium nitrate (AN) and urea (U)) and four doses of N (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1). Samples of the aerial part of the sugarcane were collected. The structural components of the aerial part were separated, and the leaf dry matter (LDM), stalk dry matter (SDM) and dry matter of the aerial part (DMAP) were analyzed. The productivity of stalks (PS) was determined by weighing all stalks present in the useful area of each plot. In the plant cane cycle, AN resulted in greater gains in the SDM and PS of sugarcane than did U. In the first ratoon cycle, a residual effect was observed in response to N application, which showed an increase in SDM and PS. Under the conditions of this study, to achieve a higher PS in both cycles, the application of 180 kg N ha-1 is recommended

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Nitrogen supply to arugula from pig slurry composts in contrasting soils

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620190407 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 402-408

Author(s):

Luanna C Monteiro ◽

Celso Aita ◽

Janquieli Schirmann ◽

Stefen B Pujol ◽

Ana Paula Mezzalira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Clayey Soil ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

N Losses ◽

N Supply ◽

Loam Soil

ABSTRACT This study was developed to evaluate nitrogen (N) supply to arugula from composts produced by automated composting of pig slurry (PS). During the composting process, retorted oil shale (ROS) and dicyandiamide (DCD) were added to PS to mitigate gaseous N losses. The study was developed in a greenhouse where four treatments were evaluated, three with compost addition (PS compost, PS compost + ROS, and PS compost + ROS + DCD) and one without compost (control) in two contrasting soils (clayey and sandy-loam). The best result was obtained with the compost without additives (PS compost), which increased the arugula dry matter yield 2.2 times in clayey soil and 6.1 times in sandy-loam soil compared to the control treatment. The presence of ROS in composts reduced arugula dry matter yield in 27% in clayey soil and 35% in sandy-loam, while DCD did not affect arugula dry matter yield. The results of this study show that the addition of ROS to PS during composting reduces N supply to arugula, both in the immediate (first cut) and residual effect (second cut).

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Crop response to organic fertilization with supplementary mineral nitrogen

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832014000300023 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 912-922 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nathalia Riveros Ciancio ◽

Carlos Alberto Ceretta ◽

Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi ◽

Paulo Ademar Avelar Ferreira ◽

Gustavo Trentin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Animal Manure ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Application Rates

Animal manure is applied to the soil as a nutrient source, especially of nitrogen, to plants. However, manure application rates can be reduced with the use of N fertilizer in topdressing. The aim of this study was to evaluate crop responses to different application rates of animal manure sources, used alone and supplemented with mineral N topdressing, in a no-tillage system. The study was carried out from 2005 to 2008 on a Hapludalf soil. The treatments consisted of rates of 10, 20 and 30 m³ ha-1 of pig slurry (PS), and of 1 and 2 t ha-1 of turkey manure (TM), applied alone and supplemented with topdressed N fertilizer (TNF), as well as two controls, mineral fertilization (NPK) and one control without fertilizer application. Grain yield in common bean and maize, and dry matter yield and nutrient accumulation in common bean, maize and black oat crops were evaluated. Nitrogen application in topdressing in maize and common bean, especially when PS was used at rates of 20 and 30 m³ ha-1, and TM, at 2 t ha-1, proved effective in increasing the crop grain yields, showing the viability of the combined use of organic and industrialized mineral sources. Nitrogen accumulation in maize and common bean tissues was the indicator most strongly related to grain yield, in contrast with the apparent nutrient recovery, which was not related to the N, P and K quantities applied in the organic sources. No clear residual effect of N topdressing of maize and common bean was observed on the dry matter yield of black oat grown in succession to the main crops with PS and TM applications.

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The response of Italian ryegrass to nitrogenous fertilizer at different times of year, with particular reference to residual effects

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600055994 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 479-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. Wilman ◽

B. M. Ojuederie

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

High Rate ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Previous Autumn

SummaryThe 32 combinations of applying or not applying nitrogenous fertilizer on five dates, with 6-week intervals between dates, during one treatment year were compared in three field experiments with Italian ryegrass (Lolium mvltiflorum). Phosphorus (P)and potassium (K) were applied at a uniform, high rate to all plots. All plots were harvested, by cutting, five times during the treatment year and once in May of the subsequent year.Dry-matter yields and dry-matter yield responses to N were lower at the September and October harvests than at the May, June and July harvests. Where no N was applied 6 weeks before a harvest, N applied 12 weeks before that harvest generally increased yields of dry matter, N, P and K. On the other hand, where N was applied 6 weeks before a harvest, N applied 12 weeks before that harvest tended not to increase dry-matter yield and tended to reduce P and K yields. Applying 420 kg N/ha/year compared with nil approximately trebled the amounts of dry matter, P and K harvested in the treatment year. At the May harvest in the subsequent year dry-matter yield was increased by N applied in the treatment year, for all five application dates, although the previous autumn there had been no positive residual effect of the early applications. Apparent recovery of N was low compared with that recorded with Italian ryegrass in Cambridge. The content of N, as well as P and K, in herbage in May was reduced by the application of N the previous year. In the 1972 experiment the proportion of ‘stem’ in the harvested produce was markedly increased by N application. The size of this effect may have been associated with the rather small amount of soil N available. Applied N increased the number of tillers in the sward, but this effect appeared to be rather short-lived. A major reason for the positive effect of applied N on dry-matter yield, including the positive residual effect, appeared to be the increase in leaf blade length and probably sheath length due to N.

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EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY ON NODULATION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE BY THREE LEGUME CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

International Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.47604/ija.1297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 20-41

Author(s):

Alex Boateng ◽

Emmanuel Bennoah

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Phosphorus Availability ◽

P Availability ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Crop Species ◽

Rhizobium Species ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose: A greenhouse study of Soybean, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea was made at University of Ghana, to determine the effects of phosphorus availability on nodulation and nitrogen uptake by the afore mentioned legumes in two Ghanaian soils, Adenta and Nzema series. Methodology: Three P rates of 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TSP and TPR were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in two soil series. The pots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design. GenstatR was used to do the statistical analysis. Findings: The results from this study showed that with or without Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) or Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR), soybean did not form nodules in the Nzema soil but nodulated with TSP application in the Adenta soil. The absence of nodulation even with high P from TSP by soybean in Nzema soil is surprising but the observation in the Nzema soil may be attributed to the absence of soybean Rhizobium cells or insignificant numbers of these rhizobia. The improvement in the dry matter yield of pigeon pea and cowpea on Adenta soil and soybean on the Nzema soil at TPR50 and TPR100 show the importance of P application to dry matter yield of legumes. Significant difference that was shown by cowpea on Nzema soil could be attributed to the ability of the crop to desorp P from sparingly available P sources through exudation of high amounts of organic acid anions, mainly citrate. Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: In the soil, Rhizobium species must recognize their specific host before nodulation may take place and the absence of the appropriate Rhizobium species with the introduction of a legume into a given soil may result in no or poor nodulation. Low P availability is a challenge for crop species to nodulate since the rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation have a high P requirement. The toxicity of Aluminum to rhizobia may be due to inhibition of DNA replication because of binding of Aluminum to DNA. One factor that could have accounted for the better nodulation in soil is the higher acidity. The optimum pH for effective rhizobia growth in soils is between pH 6 and 7

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EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY ON NODULATION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE BY THREE LEGUME CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

International Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.47604/ija.1306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alex Boateng ◽

Emmanuel Owusu-Bennoah

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Phosphorus Availability ◽

P Availability ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Crop Species ◽

Rhizobium Species ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose: A greenhouse study of Soybean, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea was made at University of Ghana, to determine the effects of phosphorus availability on nodulation and nitrogen uptake by the afore mentioned legumes in two Ghanaian soils, Adenta and Nzema series. Methodology: Three P rates of 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TSP and TPR were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in two soil series. The pots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design. GenstatR was used to do the statistical analysis. Findings: The results from this study showed that with or without Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) or Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR), soybean did not form nodules in the Nzema soil but nodulated with TSP application in the Adenta soil. The absence of nodulation even with high P from TSP by soybean in Nzema soil is surprising but the observation in the Nzema soil may be attributed to the absence of soybean Rhizobium cells or insignificant numbers of these rhizobia. The improvement in the dry matter yield of pigeon pea and cowpea on Adenta soil and soybean on the Nzema soil at TPR50 and TPR100 show the importance of P application to dry matter yield of legumes. Significant difference that was shown by cowpea on Nzema soil could be attributed to the ability of the crop to desorp P from sparingly available P sources through exudation of high amounts of organic acid anions, mainly citrate. Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: In the soil, Rhizobium species must recognize their specific host before nodulation may take place and the absence of the appropriate Rhizobium species with the introduction of a legume into a given soil may result in no or poor nodulation. Low P availability is a challenge for crop species to nodulate since the rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation have a high P requirement. The toxicity of Aluminum to rhizobia may be due to inhibition of DNA replication because of binding of Aluminum to DNA. One factor that could have accounted for the better nodulation in soil is the higher acidity. The optimum pH for effective rhizobia growth in soils is between pH 6 and 7.

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Recovery of degraded pasture in Rondônia: macronutrients and productivity of brachiaria brizantha

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832010000500023 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 1711-1720 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Norberto Cornejo Noronha ◽

Cristiano Alberto de Andrade ◽

Fernando Célio Limonge ◽

Carlos Clemente Cerri ◽

Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

No Tillage ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Pasture Grass ◽

Degraded Pasture ◽

The Impact

Pasture is the main form of land use in Amazonia. Over time the pasture grass loses vigor and yields decrease, indicating a certain degree of degeneration. The main causes of degradation are lack of pasture maintenance and subsequent weed infestation, the choice of regionally unsuitable forage species and excessive grazing. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different recovery managements on soil chemical properties and grass yield of a degraded pasture in Rondônia. For this purpose, an experiment was installed in October 2001, consisting of five treatments: C = control; HA = harrowing + NPK + micronutrients; HE = Herbicide + NK + micronutrients; R = No-tillage rice + NPK + micronutrients; and S = No-tillage soybean + PK + micronutrients. The following N, P and K sources were used: ammonium sulfate for N, calcined phosphate for P and potassium chloride for K. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The shoot dry matter yield of the grass was analyzed as of the 35th month of experimentation, in a dry and a rainy period. Phosphorus fertilization resulted in significant increases in Ca2+ and Mg2+ and increasing trend of P in the topsoil in the initial months of the experiment in treatments HA and S and increases in Ca2+ and P (trend) in the treatment R. The cumulative production of Brachiaria brizantha, from Sep/2004 to Mar/2005, was 30,025, 28,267 and 27,735 kg ha-1 shoot dry matter in the treatments HA, R and S, respectively. These values differed significantly from treatments C and HE, with 17,040 and 17,057 kg ha-1, respectively. It was concluded that phosphorus fertilization associated to pasture reform was effective to raise the dry matter yield of Brachiaria brizantha. Rice or soybean under no-tillage is recommended as a practice of pasture recovery, due to the residual effect of fertilization.

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EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY ON NODULATION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE BY THREE LEGUME CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

International Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.47604/ija.1305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alex Boateng ◽

Emmanuel Owusu-Bennoah

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Phosphorus Availability ◽

P Availability ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Crop Species ◽

Rhizobium Species ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose: A greenhouse study of Soybean, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea was made at University of Ghana, to determine the effects of phosphorus availability on nodulation and nitrogen uptake by the afore mentioned legumes in two Ghanaian soils, Adenta and Nzema series. Methodology: Three P rates of 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TSP and TPR were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in two soil series. The pots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design. GenstatR was used to do the statistical analysis. Findings: The results from this study showed that with or without Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) or Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR), soybean did not form nodules in the Nzema soil but nodulated with TSP application in the Adenta soil. The absence of nodulation even with high P from TSP by soybean in Nzema soil is surprising but the observation in the Nzema soil may be attributed to the absence of soybean Rhizobium cells or insignificant numbers of these rhizobia. The improvement in the dry matter yield of pigeon pea and cowpea on Adenta soil and soybean on the Nzema soil at TPR50 and TPR100 show the importance of P application to dry matter yield of legumes. Significant difference that was shown by cowpea on Nzema soil could be attributed to the ability of the crop to desorp P from sparingly available P sources through exudation of high amounts of organic acid anions, mainly citrate. Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: In the soil, Rhizobium species must recognize their specific host before nodulation may take place and the absence of the appropriate Rhizobium species with the introduction of a legume into a given soil may result in no or poor nodulation. Low P availability is a challenge for crop species to nodulate since the rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation have a high P requirement. The toxicity of Aluminum to rhizobia may be due to inhibition of DNA replication because of binding of Aluminum to DNA. One factor that could have accounted for the better nodulation in soil is the higher acidity. The optimum pH for effective rhizobia growth in soils is between pH 6 and 7.

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DIFFERENT STABILITY METHODS FOR CULTIVAR RECOMMENDATION IN ELEPHANT-GRASS FOR ENERGY PURPOSES IN BRAZIL

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723042292 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 507-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Veronica Brito da Silva ◽

Rogerio Figueiredo Daher ◽

Bruna Rafaela da Silva Menezes ◽

Maria Lorraine Fonseca Oliveira ◽

Maria do Socorro Bezerra Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

The Stability ◽

Non Parametric

ABSTRACT The elephant-grass undergoes successive cutting and periodical evaluations that it possible to identify clones with high stability for dry matter production, which can be used for energy production. The present study was carried out to evaluate stability dry matter yield for different parametric and non-parametric methods in elephant grass genotypes for biomass production undergoes successive cutting in the agroclimatic conditions of the Norte Fluminense (RJ, Brazil). The variable measured in the 40 genotypes was dry matter yield (DMY) at 2009, 2010 and 2011 in a field study designed as randomized block design with two replicates. Each sample was grown in different environment condition. The stability methods tested were the Yates and Cochran’s, Plaisted and Peterson’s, Wricke’s ecovalence, Annicchiarico’s, Lin and Binns’ and Kang and Phan’s. Results indicated that cutting (E) and genotypes (G) influenced significantly on the performance of dry matter yield. The non-parametric stability methods were effective for the evaluation of stability in dry matter yield. Genotypes Mercker, Pinda-México, Mercker 86-México, Guaçu/IZ, Mercker Pinda, P-241-Piracicaba and Cubano Pinda were stable stability dry matter yield. Hence, there are genotypes may be exploited in future breeding programmes in order to improve productivity of upland elephant grass over environment.

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