scholarly journals Effect of plant protection products on Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae in laboratory

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara dos Santos ◽  
Valdemir Albuquerque da Silva Júnior ◽  
Sonia Maria Forti Broglio ◽  
Aldomario Santo Negrisoli Junior ◽  
Elio Cesar Guzzo
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Early Instar

ABSTRACT: With the aim of developing tools for simultaneously managing Rhynchophorus palmarum and the coconut stem bleeding disease, we evaluated the effects of the insecticide thiamethoxam and the fungicide cyproconazole on R. palmarum larvae under laboratory conditions. Early-instar and intermediate-instar larvae were fed on an artificial diet containing 0.1% concentration of insecticide, fungicide or a mixture of both. Larval mortality was assessed daily during the 48 hours after the application of the treatments. Mean mortality values were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Thiamethoxam caused mortality of 100% of early-instar and 90% of intermediate-instar larvae. In contrast, mortality was significantly lower in the cyproconazole treatment (60% for early-instar and 0% for intermediate-instar larvae) and the control (0% mortality for both treatments). The insecticide/fungicide mixture was equally effective (100% for early-instar and 86.67% for intermediate-instar larvae) to the insecticide only treatment. Differences in mortality between early-instar and intermediate-instar larvae were significant only for the thiamethoxam and cyproconazole treatments. These results indicate that, for the doses used here, thiamethoxam is toxic to both early-instar and intermediate-instar larvae, while cyproconazole is toxic just to early-instar larvae. Moreover, cyproconazole does not increase the toxicity of thiamethoxam. Early-instar larvae are more sensitive to thiamethoxam and cyproconazole than intermediate-instar larvae. We conclude that thiamethoxam + cyproconazole mixture may be effective for managing R. palmarum and associated fungal diseases on coconut palms.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Imidacloprid and Diafenthiuron to Chrysoperla Carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the Laboratory Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gnanadhas Preetha ◽  
Johnson Stanley ◽  
Thiagarajan Chandrasekaran ◽  
Sasthakutty Kuttalam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Toxicity of Imidacloprid and Diafenthiuron toChrysoperla Carnea(Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the Laboratory ConditionsInsecticides are unavoidable in pest management programs especially when the pest crosses Econimic Threshold Level (ETL). Nevertheless, often the plant protection products kill the natural enemy population making the pest to resurge and thus demanding more sprays. Therefore, insecticides used in IPM programs should be selective enough to spare the beneficials. Laboratory studies were conducted to find out the toxicity of imidacloprid and diafenthiuron to the eggs, larvae and adults ofChrysoperla carnea.Imidacloprid at the recommended dose of 0.28 ml/l caused 15.38% egg mortality, 26.67 and 33.33% larval mortality by ingestion and contact, respectively and 50.00% adult mortality. The egg mortality was about 15.38% and larval mortality of 23.33% and adult mortality of 26.67% was caused by diafenthiuron. Based on the classification given by IOBC/WPRS working group on Pesticides and non-target invertebrates, both the insecticides were classified as harmless toC. carnea, since the recommended dose caused less than 50% mortality in the laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals The possibilities of droplet spectrum regulation at application of plant protection products

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
P. Harašta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Discharge Orifice ◽  
Low Drift ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Verification of the possibilities of a droplet spectrum regulation due to the change of working pressure, as well as the change of the size of the discharge orifice of a nozzle, was undertaken in laboratory conditions by measurement of the size of a droplet spectrum of the applied liquid. Selected types of low drift nozzles &ndash; Albuz AVI 025, Lechler ID 120, Lechler IDK 120-05, Lechler IDN 120-025, TurboDrop 03, Hardi INJET 02, Hardi B JET 02, Hardi LD 02<br />and a flat fan nozzle Hardi ISO F 02-110 &ndash; underwent the measurement. The measurement of droplet spectrum was carried out at the nozzle&rsquo;s working height of 500 mm, and at working pressures of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 MPa. A laser measure equipment was used to measure the droplet spectrum of liquid.

scholarly journals Efficacy and speed of action of selected plant protection products on Lymantria dispar in laboratory conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.D. Zartaloudis ◽  
M.D. Kalapanida ◽  
E.I. Navrozidis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp

In this study some selected insecticides were evaluated for their effect on gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L., (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) under laboratory conditions. Diflubenzuron, methoxyfenozide, triflumuron, fenoxycarb, fenoxycarb + lufenuron, Bacillus thuringiensis 50% subsp. kurstaki + Bacillus thuringiensis 50% subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and spinosad were used in the recommended concentration, against the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th larval instars of L. dispar. The effectiveness of the above insecticides as well as the speed of action (LTime50 and LTime90) expressed in days, were examined in detail. Spinosad and methoxyfenozide presents a relatively higher speed of action in relation to the other insecticides. LTime50 of spinosad and methoxyfenozide did not differ significantly among the first three larval instars and ranged from 0 to 0.61 and 1.13 to 1.74 days, respectively. Regarding IGRs, the mixture (fenoxycarb + lufenuron) and triflumuron were the most effective in relation to the other IGRs tested. Moreover, Bacillus thuringiensis toxins were effective only against the first two larval instars.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impacts of microbial plant protection products containing Bacillus thuringiensis on the survival of adults and larvae of the honeybee (Apis mellifera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Steinigeweg ◽  
Abdulrahim T. Alkassab ◽  
Hannes Beims ◽  
Jakob H. Eckert ◽  
Dania Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Pollen Feeding ◽  
Contamination Levels

AbstractThis study was aimed at evaluating the effect of a microbial pest-controlling product (MPCP) with the active substance Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai (strain: ABTS-1857) on adults and larvae of honeybees. To determine the contamination levels of Bt spores in different matrices, a colony-feeding study under semi-field conditions was performed. Furthermore, two chronic adult trials and a chronic larval study were conducted under laboratory conditions to test the effects of different concentrations of the plant protection product (PPP) on the development and mortality. Possible modifications of the chronic oral toxicity test were assessed by additional pollen feeding. Our results showed that Bt spores were detected in all matrices over the entire test duration in different concentrations, decreasing over time. The survival of adult bees and larvae was negatively affected in laboratory conditions after a chronic exposure to the MPCP depending on the tested concentrations. Moreover, the earliest sign of bee mortality, resulting from exposure to ABTS-1857, was recorded only after 96 h at the highest tested concentration. Pollen feeding to adults significantly increased the survival of the treated bees. In conclusion, the PPP with the Bt strain ABTS-1857 showed an effect on the mortality of adults and larvae under laboratory conditions. Further studies with Bt-based PPPs under realistic field conditions are necessary to evaluate the potential risk of those MPCPs on honeybees.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Mospilan 20 SP and Trebon 30 EC in the protection of Scots pine Pinus silvestris L. against the common pine sawfly Diprion pini L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Barbara Głowacka ◽  
Cezary Bystrowski
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Diprion Pini ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Common

Abstract The study was carried out to evaluate the possibilities to control the common pine sawfly Diprion pini L. with the use of plant protection products Mospilan 20 SP (20% acetamipryd) and Trebon 30 EC (300 g etofenprox/l). Aerial insecticide treatments were applied onto experimental plots (100 ha) in Scots pine stands, sprayed with approximately 3 l of spray solution/ha. Mospilan 20 SP at a rate 0.20 kg/ha caused 61%-76% mortality of D. pini larvae, whereas at a rate 0.25 kg/ha – 100% larval mortality. Trebon 30 EC aerial treatments at a rate 0.2 l/ha resulted in 100% larval mortality. Study results will be enclosed in the procedure of registration of the plant protection products for use in forestry.

scholarly journals Comparative biology of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Eucalyptus spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e729974627
Author(s):  
Franciele Muchalak ◽  
Elisângela de Souza Loureiro ◽  
Luis Gustavo Amorim Pessoa
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Forestry Plantations ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The Brazilian forestry sector has great importance in the economy and the sustainability of the country. With the great expansion of monoculture, and many times the proximity of agricultural and forestry plantations favors the migration or establishment of pests. The Helicoverpa armigera is a pest extremely polyphagous that occurs mainly in agricultural crops, and that casually was found feeding on eucalyptus plantations in the region of Chapadão do Sul, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In this study the parameters of consumption, size, and longevity of caterpillars were measured. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (clones I 144; 08; Urocam VM01; AEC 1528 and artificial diet, this being a witness) and six replicates of 10 caterpillar larvae. The clones were grown in greenhouse conditions to produce leaves free of chemical plant protection products and with good nutritional status from which they have removed the sheets and supplied to the caterpillars. There was no statistical difference between the clones tested in none of the evaluated parameters. Only the artificial diet showed statistical difference concerning the size. The caterpillars fed on leaves of the clones have not completed their development, suggesting that the effect of antibiosis interfering on the biology of H. armigera not reaching status of pest.

scholarly journals Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungi against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
Shahzad Muhammad Ayaz ◽  
Irfan Muhammad ◽  
Wahab Ahmad Abdul ◽  
Zafar Farhan ◽  
Abdulrehman Abdulrehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Maize Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered an economically important pest and becoming the main threat to food security. This polyphagous pest is widely distributed in various countries of the world especially tropical and subtropical regions. The toxicity of two entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were evaluated against 2nd instar larvae of FAW under controlled conditions. The results showed that among tested entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana was found more toxic than M. anisopliae. B. bassiana caused 79% larval mortality while M. anisopliae 59%. M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were showed LT50 of 84.01 h and 80.99 h, respectively. M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were showed LC50 of 1.3×107 and 1.8×107 spores ml−1, respectively. The current study concluded that Entomopathogenic fungi can give effective control against early instar and further studies are needed to check the efficacy against older instars under field and laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

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