Physiological stress of basketball referees during a national competition

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Marques Inchauspe ◽  
Pablo Morales Barbian ◽  
Gregório Aguiar Lélis ◽  
Flávia Renata de Almeida ◽  
Alejandro Vaquera
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Relative Exercise Intensity ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
Playing Time

abstract The aim of this study was to examine the physiological demands of seven referees during a national basketball competition. We recorded heart rate (HR), relative exercise intensity as a percentage of age – predicted maximum HR (HRmax), proportion of playing time within the exercise intensity categories defined by the ACSM during each of the tournament matches for each referee per period, as well as the entire game. None of the variables shows significant differences between periods. Based on a format of three referees per match, referees worked with an average HR of 150 bpm (range 110-181 bpm) for each quarter of the match, which equals a relative intensity> 70% of HRmax for most (∼76%) of each quarter. Other studies will assist in developing appropriate training programs for elite basketball referees to maintain and / or maximize performance.

A Comparison of the Physiological Demands of Wheelchair Basketball and Wheelchair Tennis

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Croft ◽  
Suzanne Dybrus ◽  
John Lenton ◽  
Victoria Goosey-Tolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wheelchair Basketball ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Physiological Profiles ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
Playing Time

Purpose:To examine the physiological profiles of wheelchair basketball and tennis and specifically to: (a) identify if there are differences in the physiological profiles of wheelchair basketball and tennis players of a similar playing standard, (b) to determine whether the competitive physiological demands of these sports differed (c) and to explore the relationship between the blood lactate [Bla−] response to exercise and to identify the sport specific heart rate (HR) training zones.Methods:Six elite athletes (4 male, 2 female) from each sport performed a submaximal and VO2 peak test in their sport specific wheelchair. Heart rate, VO2, and [Bla−] were measured. Heart rate was monitored during international competitions and VO2 was calculated from this using linear regression equations. Individual HR training zones were identified from the [Bla–] profile and time spent within these zones was calculated for each match.Results:Despite no differences in the laboratory assessment of HRpeak, the VO2peak was higher for the basketball players when compared with the tennis players (2.98 ± 0.91 vs 2.06 ± 0.71; P = .08). Average match HR (163 ± 11 vs 146 ± 16 beats-min–1; P = .06) and average VO2 (2.26 ± 0.06 vs 1.36 ± 0.42 L-min-1; P = .02) were higher during actual playing time of basketball when compared with whole tennis play. Consequently, differences in the time spent in the different training zones within and between the two sports existed (P < .05).Conclusions:Wheelchair basketball requires predominately high-intensity training, whereas tennis training requires training across the exercise intensity spectrum.

Physical and Physiological Attributes of Female Team Handball Players — A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronnie Lidor ◽  
Gal Ziv
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Physiological Attributes ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Game Performance

The main purpose of this article is to review a series of studies (N = 18) on the physical characteristics, physiological attributes, throwing velocity and accuracy, and on-court performances of female team handball players. Studies were selected from a computerized search in electronic databases (PubMed, SPORT Discus) as well as from a manual search. Five main findings emerged from this review: (1) a tall and heavy build was advantageous in team handball—mean height ranged from 165.9±.3 cm to 179±4 cm and mean body mass ranged from 62.4±6.2 kg to 72.0±6.3 kg; (2) VO2max values of female players were between 47-54 ml·kg-1·min-1; (3) throwing velocity was higher by as much as 11% in elite female players compared to amateur female players; (4) during 90% of playing time, heart rate (HR) was above 85% of HRmax, and the average VO2 was 79% of VO2max in female players; and (5) on-court distance covered averaged approximately 4 km and varied between 2-5 km in female players, depending on the playing position of the player. Most of the studies reviewed were cross-sectional, and only a few reported data on on-court performance. There is a need for additional manipulative studies to determine the influence of various training programs on game performance. In addition, conditioning programs that develop power and strength should be emphasized, and attention should be given to the player’s playing position and skill level.

Norepinephrine response to exercise at the same relative intensity before and after endurance exercise training

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Greiwe ◽  
Robert C. Hickner ◽  
Suresh D. Shah ◽  
Philip E. Cryer ◽  
John O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Relative Exercise Intensity ◽  
Catecholamine Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response To Exercise

It is well documented that endurance exercise training results in a blunted norepinephrine (NE) response to exercise of a given absolute exercise intensity. However, it is not clear what effect training has on the catecholamine response to exercise of the same relative intensity because previous studies have provided conflicting results. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to determine the catecholamine response to exercise of the same relative exercise intensity before and after endurance exercise training. Six women and three men [age 28 ± 8 (SD) yr] performed 10 wk of training. Maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max) was determined during treadmill exercise. Fifteen-minute treadmill exercise bouts were performed at 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85% ofV˙o 2 max before and after training.V˙o 2 max was increased by 20% (from 39.2 ± 7.7 to 46.9 ± 8.1 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1; P < 0.05) in response to training. Plasma NE concentrations were higher ( P < 0.05) during exercise at the same relative intensity after, compared with before, training at 65–85% ofV˙o 2 max .Differences between heart rates and plasma epinephrine concentrations after, compared with before, training were not statistically significant. These results provide evidence that the NE response to exercise is dependent on the absolute as well as the relative intensity of the exercise.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEART RATE KINETICS AND RELATIVE EXERCISE INTENSITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. S109
Author(s):  
R J. Down ◽  
B Krishnan ◽  
J J Burgess ◽  
E F. Busse ◽  
R G. Haennel
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Relative Exercise Intensity ◽  
Rate Kinetics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heart Rate Kinetics

scholarly journals Exercise Intensity Levels in Children With Cerebral Palsy While Playing With an Active Video Game Console

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 1084-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Robert ◽  
Laurent Ballaz ◽  
Raphael Hart ◽  
Martin Lemay
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Active Video Game ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Active Video ◽  
Game Console ◽  
Playing Time

Background Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are prone to secondary complications related to physical inactivity and poor cardiorespiratory capacity. This problem could be greatly attenuated through the use of video games that incorporate physical activity for 2 reasons: Video games already represent an important component of leisure time in younger people, and such games can lead to a high level of exercise intensity in people who are healthy. Objective The study objective was to evaluate exercise intensity in children with spastic diplegic CP and children who were typically developing while playing with an active video game console. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Ten children (7–12 years old) with spastic diplegic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System level I or II) and 10 children who were age matched and typically developing were evaluated in a movement analysis laboratory. Four games were played with the active video game console (jogging, bicycling, snowboarding, and skiing) for 40 minutes. Heart rate was recorded during the entire playing period with a heart rate belt monitor. Exercise intensity was defined as the percentage of heart rate reserve (HRR). In addition, lower extremity motion analysis was carried out during the final minute of the playing period for the jogging and bicycling games. Results No difference between groups was observed for any variables. A main effect of games was observed for the amount of time spent at an intensity greater than 40% of HRR. Specifically, more than 50% of the playing time for the jogging game and more than 30% of the playing time for the bicycling game were spent at an intensity greater than 40% of HRR. In addition, the jogging game produced a larger range of motion than the bicycling game. Limitations A limitation of this study was the relatively small and heterogeneous sample. Conclusions For all 4 games, similar exercise intensity levels were observed for children who were typically developing and children with CP, suggesting that children with CP could obtain exercise-related benefits similar to those obtained by children without CP while playing with an active video game console.

Relative Exercise Intensity of Tai Chi Chuan is Similar in Different Ages and Gender

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Lan ◽  
Ssu-Yuan Chen ◽  
Jin-Shin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan ◽  
Relative Exercise Intensity ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

This study aims to determine the relative exercise intensity of classical Yang Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) in different ages and gender. One hundred TCC practitioners (54 men and 46 women) aged 25 to 80 years participated in this investigation. Men and women were separated into three groups: young (25–44 y/o), middle-aged (45–64 y/o) and elderly (65–80 y/o). Heart rate (HR) responses during TCC practice were measured by using electrocardiographic telemetry. An exercise test with breath-by-breath measurements of cardiorespiratory function was also performed for each subject during the incremental exercise of leg cycling. Measurements obtained during the TCC practice and exercise testing were compared to determine the exercise intensity of TCC. While performing TCC, the mean HR of men was 141±12 bpm, 132±9 bpm and 120±10 bpm in the young, middle-aged and elderly groups, respectively. Men practiced TCC with mean HR corresponding to 57.8±3.7%, 56.6±3.4% and 55.1±3.1% of heart rate reserve (HRR) in the three groups. Meanwhile, the mean HR of women was 136±10 bpm, 126±11 bpm and 115±12 bpm in the young, middle-aged and elderly groups, respectively. Women practiced TCC with mean HR corresponding to 52.7±2.8%, 51.5±2.6% and 50.3±2.9% of HRR in the three age groups. The results demonstrate that classical Yang TCC is an exercise with moderate intensity, and its exercise intensity is similar across different ages in each gender. In conclusion, TCC is an aerobic exercise and suitable for participants of different ages and gender to improve their functional capacity.

Self-paced exercise in hot and cool conditions is associated with the maintenance of %V̇o2peak within a narrow range

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 1258-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien D. Périard ◽  
Sébastien Racinais
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Relative Exercise Intensity

This study examined the time course and extent of decrease in peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) during self-paced exercise in HOT (35°C and 60% relative humidity) and COOL (18°C and 40% relative humidity) laboratory conditions. Ten well-trained cyclists completed four consecutive 16.5-min time trials (15-min self-paced effort with 1.5-min maximal end-spurt to determine V̇o2peak) interspersed by 5 min of recovery on a cycle ergometer in each condition. Rectal temperature increased significantly more in HOT (39.4 ± 0.7°C) than COOL (38.6 ± 0.3°C; P < 0.001). Power output was lower throughout HOT compared with COOL ( P < 0.001). The decrease in power output from trial 1 to 4 was ∼16% greater in HOT ( P < 0.001). Oxygen uptake (V̇o2) was lower throughout HOT than COOL ( P < 0.05), except at 5 min and during the end-spurt in trial 1. In HOT, V̇o2peak reached 97, 89, 85, and 85% of predetermined maximal V̇o2, whereas in COOL 97, 94, 93, and 92% were attained. Relative exercise intensity (%V̇o2peak) during trials 1 and 2 was lower in HOT (∼84%) than COOL (∼86%; P < 0.05), decreasing slightly during trials 3 and 4 (∼80 and ∼85%, respectively; P < 0.05). However, heart rate was higher throughout HOT ( P = 0.002), and ratings of perceived exertion greater during trials 3 and 4 in HOT ( P < 0.05). Consequently, the regulation of self-paced exercise appears to occur in conjunction with the maintenance of %V̇o2peak within a narrow range (80-85% V̇o2peak). This range widens under heat stress, however, when exercise becomes protracted and a disassociation develops between relative exercise intensity, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion.

Accelerometry-Derived Relative Exercise Intensities in Elite Women’s Basketball

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 822-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Staunton ◽  
Daniel Wundersitz ◽  
Brett Gordon ◽  
Michael Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Supramaximal Exercise ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Recovery Test ◽  
Maximum Duration ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
Relative Exercise Intensity ◽  
Light Activity ◽  
Playing Time

AbstractThis study assessed accelerometry-derived relative exercise intensity during elite women’s basketball match play. The influence of player position/role and match period on relative exercise intensities was evaluated. Ten basketballers wore accelerometers during a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo-IR1) and 18 competitive matches. Relative exercise intensity was quantified using predicted oxygen consumption reserve determined using correlations from Yo-Yo-IR1. Total time, bout frequency and bout duration were calculated in seven intensity zones and compared between quarters, positions (back-court vs. front-court) and roles (starters vs. bench). Back-court players spent 6.0±1.9% more match time performing supramaximal activity when compared to front-court players (p<0.045). Back-court players experienced more supramaximal bouts (125±37 vs. 52±36; p=0.031) of greater average duration (2.1±0.4 vs. 1.4±0.2 s; p=0.021) and maximum duration (7±2 vs. 3±1 s; p=0.020). More sedentary to very light activity was observed in the 2nd and 4th quarters compared to the 1st and 3rd quarters (p<0.05). Despite reduced playing time, bench players performed similar amounts of maximal and supramaximal exercise when compared to starters (p≥0.279). Player position, role and match periods influence the demands of women’s basketball; these factors should be considered when designing match-specific conditioning programs.

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