scholarly journals Maize intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis under no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Fernandes de Queiroz ◽  
Carlos Alessandro Chioderoli ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani ◽  
Henrique Vinícius de Holanda ◽  
Cristiano Zerbato
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
System A ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT The no-tillage system is a conservation practice that seeks greater sustainability of the production system and can be replicated in large land areas. Maize intercropped with forages of the Urochloa genus has proven to be profitable and suitable for targeting both the straw and grain production. This study aimed at evaluating maize yield and cover plants, using different maize row spacings and forage seeding methods, under a no-tillage system. A randomized blocks design, in a 2 x 3 + 2 factorial scheme, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of two maize row spacings (0.45 m and 0.90 m) intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis, using three different methods (Urochloa sown in the row, Urochloa sown by hauling soon after maize was sown and Urochloa sown during the maize V4 growth stage) + controls (only maize at two spacings). The intercropping between maize spaced 0.90 m with Urochloa ruziziensis in the sowing row provided better grain yield results without interfering with the Urochloa dry matter production.

scholarly journals Biomass and nutrient cycling by winter cover crops

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Koefender ◽  
André Schoffel ◽  
Candida Elisa Manfio ◽  
Diego Pascoal Golle
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients

ABSTRACT Cover crops are of fundamental importance for the sustainability of the no-tillage system, to ensure soil coverage and to provide benefits for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of biomass and the content and accumulation of nutrients by winter cover crops. The experimental design used in the experiment was a randomized complete block with four replications and six treatments: oilseed radish, vetch, black oats, vetch + black oats, vetch + oilseed radish and fallow. Black oat, oilseed radish in single cultivation and black oat + vetch and vetch + oilseed radish intercroppings showed higher dry matter production. Vetch + oilseed radish intercropping demonstrates higher performance regarding cycling of nutrients, with higher accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and B.

scholarly journals SUPPRESSION OF Urochloa brizantha AND U. ruziziensis BY GLYPHOSATE UNDERDOSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-589
Author(s):  
SUZETE FERNANDES LIMA ◽  
LEANDRO SPÍNDOLA PEREIRA ◽  
GUSTAVO DORNELES DE SOUSA ◽  
GUSTAVO SILVA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ADRIANO JAKELAITIS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT Intercropping of Urochloa species with corn is an alternative to enable the no-tillage system, besides influencing weed community. Therefore, the investigation of underdoses of the herbicide glyphosate to manage grasses in intercropping systems, avoid grain yield losses, and make feasible intercropping in agricultural areas is important. This study aimed to evaluate glyphosate underdoses in the suppression of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and Urochloa ruziziensis and weed control. Two tests were conducted under field conditions in a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1.080 g a.e. ha−1). All treatments received a dose of 1.200 g a.i. ha−1 of atrazine. Evaluations of phytointoxication of brachiaria plants were carried out at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. Moreover, total dry matter, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, leaf to stem ratio, and canopy height of brachiaria plants and density and dry matter production of weed community were evaluated at 80 and 125 days after sowing. Glyphosate underdoses lower than 238 and 105 g a.e. ha−1 have potential to be investigated aiming at the management of U. brizantha cv. Marandu and U. ruziziensis, respectively.

scholarly journals Cycling of nutrients and silicon in pigeonpea and pearl millet monoculture and intercropping

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1628-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System

In a no-tillage system, cover crops must be used that combine shoot dry matter production and nutrient recycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate shoot dry matter production, decomposition rate and macronutrient and silicon release from pigeonpea and pearl millet in monoculture and intercropping systems. A randomized block design was used with a 3 x 6 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The first factor consisted of three cover crops (pigeonpea, pearl millet and intercropping of these cover crops) and the second consisted of six sampling times [0, 18, 32, 46, 74 and 91 days after desiccation (DAD)]. Pearl millet produced greater amounts of shoot dry matter and content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, C and Si and had a higher decomposition rate and macronutrient and Si release than the other cover crops. The rates of decomposition and daily nutrient release from shoot dry matter were highest in the first period of evaluation (0-18 DAD). Over time, the C/N, C/P and C/S ratios increased, while C/Si and the decomposition rate decreased. Potassium was the nutrient most quickly released to the soil, especially from pearl millet residue. Silicon had the lowest release rate, with 62, 82 and 74 % of the total content in the shoot dry matter remaining in the last evaluation of pearl millet, pigeonpea and in the intercrop system, respectively. The shoot dry matter from the intercrop system had a different decomposition rate than that from the pearl millet monoculture and pigeonpea. Plants with greater shoot dry matter production and lower C/Si ratio are more effective in a no-tillage system for providing a more complete and persistent soil cover.

SOD-SEEDING BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL IN ESTABLISHED ORCHARDGRASS WITH OVERALL OR BANDED HERBICIDES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. NICHOLS ◽  
R. A. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. ’Viking’) was seeded directly into a predominantly orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) sward following overall or banded applications of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium ion, as dichloride salt) or glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, as isopropylamine salt] to determine the degree of sward control necessary for stand establishment without tillage. Effects of the herbicide treatments and the seeding on botanical composition and dry matter production were determined by a vertical intercept technique and by hand separations of harvests into botanical components. Trefoil establishment was proportional to the degree of sward control during the seeding year. Little trefoil was established by direct seeding without herbicides. The banded herbicide treatments were less effective than overall herbicide applications for trefoil establishment. Trefoil yield obtained following overall application of paraquat was approximately 65% of that obtained following overall glyphosate treatment.Key words: Dactylis glomerata, glyphosate, Lotus corniculatus, herbicide, no-tillage, paraquat

scholarly journals Residual effects of superficial liming on tropical soil under no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽  
Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term effects of the surface application of lime on soil fertility and on the mineral nutrition and grain yield of soybean, and of black oat and sorghum in crop succession. The experiment was carried out on a clayey Oxisol, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of lime the rates of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 kg ha-1, applied in October 2002 and November 2004. Soil samples were collected at five soil layers, down to 0.60-m depth. Surface liming was effective in reducing soil acidity and increasing Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in the subsurface. Moreover, it increased available phosphorus contents and soil organic matter in the long term (48 to 60 months after the last lime application). Surface liming improved plant nutrition, mainly for N, Ca, and Mg, and increased dry matter production and grain yield of the crops, even in years with regular distribution of rainfall. The greatest productivities of soybean, black oat, and sorghum were obtained with the respective estimated lime doses of 4,000, 2,333, and 3,281 kg ha-1, for shoot dry matter, and of 2,550, 3,555, and over 4,000 kg ha-1, for grain yield.

Studies of grain production in Sorghum vulgare. II. Sites responsible for grain dry matter production during the post-anthesis period

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Fischer ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matter Production

The relative contributions of different photosynthetic sites to the filling of the grain in grain sorghum (Sorghum vulgare cv. Brolga) were estimated by measuring the 14C in the grain after exposing various leaves and the head to radioactive carbon dioxide. Methods for preventing photosynthesis were also used. Of the grain yield, 93% was due to assimilation by the head and upper four leaves. The head contribution of 18 % was due equally to direct assimilation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and to reassimilation of carbon dioxide released within the grain by respiration of material translocated from the leaves. The remaining 75 % was equally assimilated by the upper four leaves, the flag leaf being the most efficient contributor per unit area and the third uppermost leaf the least efficient. The percentage contributions to the grain by the flag leaf and fourth leaf, estimated from the decrease in grain yield when they were shaded, agreed closely with the estimates obtained by using 14CO2.

GROWTH AND NPK UPTAKE BY SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN U.S.A. UNDER REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. DEIBERT ◽  
R. A. UTTER
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Late Maturity

A field study was conducted during 1985–1987 on a Fargo clay soil to evaluate growth, and NPK content at beginning flowering, pod fill, and mature seed at harvest of an early- (McCall) and a late-maturity (Dawson) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar as influenced by conventional (plow) or reduced (sweep, intertill, no-till) tillage systems and weed control methods. Excellent seed emergence was obtained on all tillage systems. Fall application of granular herbicide provided excellent weed control but herbicide plus cultivation caused reduced plant growth. Tillage system did not significantly affect plant and seed dry matter production. Yearly differences in dry matter production between early- and late-maturity cultivars depended on precipitation distribution. N and P uptake at pod fill was equal to seed uptake while K in the seed was one-half that measured at pod fill. Stratification of P and K in the surface soil profile of the reduced tillage systems was not detrimental and possibly enhanced early growth when root development was not extensive. Plants exhibited chlorosis on only the plow system under wet soil conditions indicating improved internal drainage under the reduced tillage systems. Interactions of climate with tillage system and cultivar maturity were more pronounced in this soybean study than previously reported which may be related to the cool, dry northern area.Key words: Soybean, no-till, zero-till, weed control, plant nutrients, cultivars, soil nutrient stratification

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DE FITOMASSA DE REBROTAS DE SORGO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM-PAIAGUÁS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
ALLAN HISASHI NAKAO ◽  
MARCELO ANDREOTTI ◽  
VIVIANE CRISTINA MODESTO ◽  
ISABÔ MELINA PASCOALOTO ◽  
DEYVISON DE ASEVEDO SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Sorghum Grain

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de matéria seca e verificar o acúmulo denutrientes das rebrotas do sorgo granífero ou dupla aptidão consorciados ou não com capim-paiaguás, com ou sema inoculação por Azospirillum brasilense, para continuidade do sistema plantio direto no Cerrado, após colheita paraensilagem. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp) - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi emesquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por dois anos de cultivo (2015 e2016); em cultivo exclusivo (solteiro) dos sorgos (granífero ou dupla aptidão) ou em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás,com ou sem a inoculação das sementes de sorgo com a bactéria diazotrófica Azospirillum brasilense. O aproveitamentoda rebrota do sorgo granífero ou de dupla aptidão, principalmente em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás, apresentou-seviável na produção de palhada remanescente no período de entressafra, pela maior produtividade de matéria seca, commaior acúmulo de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: Decomposição, integração lavoura-pecuária, Urochloa brizantha, plantio direto.PHYTOMASS PRODUCTIVITY OF SORGHUM INTERCROPPEDWITH PAIAGUÁS GRASSABSTRACT: This study objectified to evaluate the dry matter productive performance and to verify the nutrientaccumulation of sorghum regrowths with or without Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás (paiaguás grass)intercropped, and with or without Azospirillum brasilense inoculation, for the continuity of the no-tillage system in theCerrado, after harvesting for ensiling. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farmof the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Ilha Solteira Campus, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MatoGrosso do Sul State. The experimental design used a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments weretwo years of cultivation (2015 and 2016) and two different seeding arrangements of sorghum (grain or dual aptitude),monocropped or intercropped with paiaguás grass, with or without inoculation of sorghum seeds with Azospirillumbrasilense. The use of regrowth of both sorghum types (grain sorghum or dual aptitude), mainly intercropped withpaiaguás grass, was viable for the production of remaining straw in the off-season period, due to the higher productivityof dry matter, with greater accumulation of nutrients.Keywords: Decomposition, crop-livestock integration, Urochloa brizantha, no-tillage.

scholarly journals Maize second-crop intercropped with forages and soil correction depths: grain yield and forages root distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e798974778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Rodrigues Sanches ◽  
Edson Lazarini ◽  
Eduardo Augusto Pontes Pechoto ◽  
Fabiana Lopes dos Santos ◽  
João William Bossolani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Harmful Effects

Correction of soils is a required practice that aims to reduce the harmful effects of soil acidity, promote better development of the plants and ensure the productive potential of agriculture. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the maize yield in monoculture and / or intercropped and to study the development of Urochloa spp roots according to different combinations of chemical correction of the soil in rainfed conditions. The experiment was developed in an experimental area, Selvíria, MS, Brazil in dystrophic Oxisol. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks with subplots, with three replications.  The soil correction treatments were arranged in the plots (control, gypsum, lime (0 - 0.2 m); lime and gypsum (0 - 0.2 m); lime (0 - 0.4 m); lime and gypsum (0 - 0.4 m)), and the subplots were occupied with maize, maize intercropped with U. ruziziensis or with Mulato II hybrid (Convert HD 364) The two intercrop with forages produced sufficient amounts of straw to start and/or maintain no-tillage system in the Cerrado region and the presence of forage in maize crop did not influence grain yield. The Mulato II hybrid had a larger root diameter, being more indicated for compacted soils, however longest root lengths were obtained by U. ruziziensis.

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