GROWTH AND NPK UPTAKE BY SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN U.S.A. UNDER REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. DEIBERT ◽  
R. A. UTTER
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Late Maturity

A field study was conducted during 1985–1987 on a Fargo clay soil to evaluate growth, and NPK content at beginning flowering, pod fill, and mature seed at harvest of an early- (McCall) and a late-maturity (Dawson) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar as influenced by conventional (plow) or reduced (sweep, intertill, no-till) tillage systems and weed control methods. Excellent seed emergence was obtained on all tillage systems. Fall application of granular herbicide provided excellent weed control but herbicide plus cultivation caused reduced plant growth. Tillage system did not significantly affect plant and seed dry matter production. Yearly differences in dry matter production between early- and late-maturity cultivars depended on precipitation distribution. N and P uptake at pod fill was equal to seed uptake while K in the seed was one-half that measured at pod fill. Stratification of P and K in the surface soil profile of the reduced tillage systems was not detrimental and possibly enhanced early growth when root development was not extensive. Plants exhibited chlorosis on only the plow system under wet soil conditions indicating improved internal drainage under the reduced tillage systems. Interactions of climate with tillage system and cultivar maturity were more pronounced in this soybean study than previously reported which may be related to the cool, dry northern area.Key words: Soybean, no-till, zero-till, weed control, plant nutrients, cultivars, soil nutrient stratification

scholarly journals Grasses and legumes as cover crop in no-tillage system in northeastern Pará Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Alves Teixeira ◽  
Tatiana Gazel Soares ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Anderson Martins de Souza Braz
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production

Studies to select one or more species of coverage plants adapted to Amazonian soil and climate conditions of the Amazon are a promising strategy for the improvement of environmental quality, establishing no-till agricultural systems, and thereby reducing the impacts of monoculture farming. The aim of this study was to assess the persistence time, half-life time, macronutrient content and accumulation, and C:N ratio of straw coverage in a Ultisol in northeastern Pará. Experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and five replicates. Plants were harvested after 105 days, growth and biomass production was quantified. After 84 days, soil coverage was 97, 85, 52, 50, and 15% for signalgrass (Brachiaria brizantha) (syn. Urochloa), dense crowngrass (Panicum purpurascens), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformes), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea,), respectively. Signalgrass yielded the greatest dry matter production (9,696 kg ha-1). It also had high C:N ratio (38.4), long half-life (86.5 days) and a high persistence in the field. Jack bean also showed high dry matter production (8,950 kg ha-1), but it had low C:N ratio (17.4) and lower half-life time (39 days) than the grasses. These attributes indicate that signalgrass and jack bean have a high potential for use as cover plants in no-till agricultural systems in the State of Pará.

Weed seedbank response to crop rotation and tillage in semiarid agroecosystems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dorado ◽  
J. P. Del Monte ◽  
C. López-Fando
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a semiarid Mediterranean site in central Spain, field experiments were conducted on a Calcic Haploxeralf (noncalcic brown soil), which had been managed with three crop rotations and two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) since 1987. The crop rotations consisted of barley→vetch, barley→sunflower, and a barley monoculture. The study took place in two growing seasons (1992–1994) to assess the effects of management practices on the weed seedbank. During this period, spring weed control was not carried out in winter crops. In the no-tillage system, there was a significant increase in the number of seeds of different weed species: anacyclus, common purslane, corn poppy, knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, spring whitlowgrass, tumble pigweed, venus-comb, andVeronica triphyllos.Conversely, the presence of prostrate knotweed and wild radish was highest in plots under conventional tillage. These results suggest large differences in the weed seedbank as a consequence of different soil conditions among tillage systems, but also the necessity of spring weed control when a no-tillage system is used. With regard to crop rotations, the number of seeds of knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, and spring whitlowgrass was greater in the plots under the barley→vetch rotation. Common lambsquarters dominated in the plots under the barley→sunflower rotation, whereas venus-comb was the most frequent weed in the barley monoculture. Larger and more diverse weed populations developed in the barley→vetch rotation rather than in the barley→sunflower rotation or the barley monoculture.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EARLY POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDE APPLICATION ON WEED CONTROL, CROP GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN TRANSPLANTED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Srinithan ◽  
K. Arivukkarasu Arivukkarasu ◽  
P. Sivasakthivelan ◽  
R. Rex Immanuel
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Matter Production

A field experiment was conducted during Kuruvai season at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University to evaluate the performance of early post emergence application of herbicides on weed control in transplanted rice. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and three replications. All the imposed treatments significantly influenced the weed parameters and crop parameters in rice. The experimental results revealed that, hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAT recorded the lowest total weed count (13.74), highest weed control efficiency (WCE) (92.79 per cent), highest plant height (85.76 cm), higher leaf area index (4.28), higher crop dry matter production (7689 kg ha-1 )and highest nutrient uptake by rice crop (134.79, 33.17, 99.41 kg of N, P2O5 , K2O ha-1, respectively) which was statistically on par with application of penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl@135 g ha-1 (premix)(15 DAT) that recorded the total weed count (16.74), weed control efficiency (91.21 per cent), plant height (85.03cm), leaf area index (4.19), dry matter production (7567 kg ha-1), crop nutrient uptake (132.37 , 32.48, 97.25 kg of N, P2O5 , K2O ha-1, respectively). Highest total weed count, with lowest plant height, leaf area index, crop dry matter production and crop nutrient uptake were recorded with unweeded control.

Zero-tillage establishment of alfalfa and meadow bromegrass as influenced by previous annual grain crop

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Allen ◽  
M. H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Conventional forage establishment techniques (i.e. preseeding tillage) can result in soil erosion and inefficient water use during the establishment period, and may result in poor plant establishment. Using a zero-tillage (ZT) system may overcome these limitations. The first experiment, conducted under favourable post-seeding moisture conditions, compared establishment, plant development, growth, and dry matter production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteneii Roem and Shult.) under ZT and conventional tillage (CT) following three different annual crops. Significant previous crop × tillage system interactions in both years, indicated that forage crop establishment and dry matter production were lower under ZT than CT when the preceding crop was wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), however, no significant differences were observed when the preceding crop was either field pea (Pisum sativum L.) or canola (Brassica napus L.). Significant previous crop × forage species interactions for crop establishment indicated that while alfalfa was unaffected by previous crop type, emergence of meadow bromegrass was reduced when wheat was the previous crop. Significant previous crop × tillage system interactions for plant development indicated that development of both forage species was temporarily delayed under ZT when wheat was the previous crop. No treatment effects were observed for year after establishment dry matter production. A second experiment, conducted under conditions of post-seeding drought, assessed the impact of spring wheat straw management on establishment of alfalfa and meadow bromegrass under CT and ZT. Superior establishment of both alfalfa and meadow bromegrass under ZT was attributed to higher levels of soil water under ZT. Straw management (removal vs. returned to land) had no effect on either forage species. Results of these studies indicate that ZT is a feasible alternative for establishing forage crops, even where levels of previous crop residue are very high. Key words: Direct-seeding, straw management, wheat, canola, field pea, Haun stage, forage

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Yields and Weed Populations in Conventional and Reduced Tillage Systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell W. Wallace ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Early Emergence ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Conventional Ct

Linuron, metribuzin, oryzalin, and dinoseb were evaluated for weed control in conventional (CT) and rye-stubble reduced-tillage (RT) systems for potatoes. Early season control of weeds was equivalent for all herbicides in both tillage systems. In 1985, redroot pigweed populations were significantly greater in RT than in CT control plots. Populations of common lambsquarters were equivalent, regardless of the tillage system. In 1986, the rye mulch reduced early emergence of both species in untreated RT plots when compared to the untreated CT controls. During both seasons, potato stands decreased 16% with RT. In 1985, total yields did not differ between tillage systems; however, in 1986, total potato yields in RT plots decreased an average of 22% compared to yields in CT plots.

scholarly journals Herbicide and Rye Cover Crop Residue Integration Affect Weed Control and Yield in Strip-Tillage Peanut

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Aulakh ◽  
M. Saini ◽  
A.J. Price ◽  
W.H. Faircloth ◽  
E. van Santen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

ABSTRACT Reduced-tillage peanut production is increasing due to reduced production costs and increased environmental and economic benefits compared to conventional systems. Experiments were conducted in Alabama and Georgia between 2005 and 2007 to evaluate a strip-tillage system utilizing a high-residue cereal rye cover crop, in comparison to a conventional tillage system. Six weed management schemes were evaluated including a preemergence (PRE) application of pendimethalin alone at 1.12 kg ai/ha or in combination with S-metolachlor at 1.36 kg ai/ha. Both PRE applications were applied alone or followed by (fb) a postemergence (POST) application consisting of a mixture of paraquat at 0.140 kg ai/ha plus bentazon at 0.56 kg ai/ha plus 2,4-DB at 0.224 kg ae/ha. The remaining two treatments consisted of a no-herbicide control and aforementioned POST-only application. In 2005 at the Alabama location, pendimethalin plus metolachlor with or without a POST application controlled all weeds >91% in the strip tillage treatment and controlled tall morningglory, yellow nutsedge, and common bermudagrass >83% in the conventional tillage system. Pendimethalin fb a POST application controlled all weeds > 97%, except large crabgrass (75%) and common bermudagrass (≤ 58%) regardless of tillage system. In 2007, pendimethalin and pendimethalin plus S-metolachlor followed by (fb) a POST application controlled smooth pigweed, tall morningglory, large crabgrass, Florida beggarweed, and sicklepod 70 to 99%, across tillage systems. In 2005 at the Georgia location, large crabgrass control was consistently reduced in strip-tillage compared to conventional tillage regardless of herbicide treatment. In 2006, pendimethalin plus S-metolachlor fb POST controlled common bermudagrass and yellow nutsedge 74 to 99%. Herbicide treatment effect on peanut yield varied with environment. Peanut yield was equivalent or greater by 25% or more in 3 of 4 site years utilizing strip-tillage indicating a yield advantage compared to conventional tillage. Peanut market grade was not affected by any herbicide treatments or tillage methods evaluated. Results show that producers can maintain weed control, equivalent grade and yield in reduced-tillage systems when utilizing a high-residue conservation agriculture system integrated with a PRE plus POST herbicide system.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO DE GENÓTIPOS DE ALGODÃO HERBÁCEO EM FUNÇÃO DA SALINIDADE DO SOLO.

Irriga ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Sérgio Oliveira Pinto de Queiroz ◽  
Leonardo Theodoro Bull
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Root Relation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Specific Influence

COMPORTAMENTO DE GENÓTIPOS DE ALGODÃO HERBÁCEO EM FUNÇÃO DA SALINIDADE DO SOLO.  Sérgio Oliveira Pinto de QueirozDoutorando, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Água e Solos, Campinas, SP, CEP 13093.970,Cx. Postal 6011, tel.: (019) 3788 1029, fax: (019) 3788 1010.Leonardo Theodoro BüllProfessor Titular, D. Sc., Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18603 970, Cx. Postal 237, telefax: (14)6802 7169.  1 RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar algumas variáveis fisiológicas de cinco cultivares de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) expostos à condições salino-sódicas do solo e a influência específica do sódio sobre os cultivares ACALA 1, PRECOCE 1, IAC 19, IAC 20 e EPAMIG 4.O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, sendo utilizados vasos plásticos com 8,5 kg de terra, nos quais foi aplicado NaCl, em quantidades suficientes para aumentar o  nível de condutividade elétrica de 0 para 8, 16 e 24 dS. m-1 a 25º C.  Em cada vaso foram aplicados 150 mg kg-1 de fósforo, além de solução nutritiva contendo 30 mg kg-1 de N e 40 mg kg-1 de K aos 15, 30 e 45 dias e semanalmente os vasos receberam solução diluída de micronutrientes.Os parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados foram altura de plantas, produção de matéria seca, relação parte aérea/raiz, área foliar, teor de clorofila, potencial de água na folha, índice refratométrico e teor relativo de água nas folhas.Os resultados evidenciaram que a elevação na concentração de sódio na solução do solo, reduziu a altura das plantas, a produção de matéria seca e a área foliar de todos os cultivares de algodão. UNITERMOS: algodão, cultivares, salinidade, sódio, fisiologia.  QUEIROZ, S.O.P., BÜLL, L.T.  BEHAVIOR OF GENOTYPES OF HERBACEOUS COTTON IN FUNCTION OF THE SALINITY OF  SOIL  2 ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to study some physiologic variables  of five cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) exposed to saline-sodic soil conditions and the specific influence of  sodium on cultivars Acala 1, Precoce 1, IAC 19, IAC 20 and EPAMIG 4.The experiment was conductes at greenhouse. The soil air-dried (8.5 kg) was packed in plastic vase, in which NaCl was applied to reach different electric conductivity (8, 16 and 24 dS . m -1). In all vases were applied 150 mg.kg-1 of P, besides nutritious solution contends 30 mg.kg-1 of N  and 40 mg.kg-1 of K (KCl) to the 15, 30 and 45 days. Also it was applied diluted micronutrient solution weekly.The evaluated physiologic variables were: height of plant, dry matter production, shoot/root relation, leaf area, chlorophyll content, water potential in leaf, refratometric index  and relative water content in leaves.The results  showed increase jon the concentration of sodium in the soil solution, reduction of the plants height, dry matter production and leaf area in all cotton cultivars. KEYWORDS: cotton, cultivars, salinity, sodium, physiology.

scholarly journals Cycling of nutrients and silicon in pigeonpea and pearl millet monoculture and intercropping

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1628-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System

In a no-tillage system, cover crops must be used that combine shoot dry matter production and nutrient recycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate shoot dry matter production, decomposition rate and macronutrient and silicon release from pigeonpea and pearl millet in monoculture and intercropping systems. A randomized block design was used with a 3 x 6 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The first factor consisted of three cover crops (pigeonpea, pearl millet and intercropping of these cover crops) and the second consisted of six sampling times [0, 18, 32, 46, 74 and 91 days after desiccation (DAD)]. Pearl millet produced greater amounts of shoot dry matter and content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, C and Si and had a higher decomposition rate and macronutrient and Si release than the other cover crops. The rates of decomposition and daily nutrient release from shoot dry matter were highest in the first period of evaluation (0-18 DAD). Over time, the C/N, C/P and C/S ratios increased, while C/Si and the decomposition rate decreased. Potassium was the nutrient most quickly released to the soil, especially from pearl millet residue. Silicon had the lowest release rate, with 62, 82 and 74 % of the total content in the shoot dry matter remaining in the last evaluation of pearl millet, pigeonpea and in the intercrop system, respectively. The shoot dry matter from the intercrop system had a different decomposition rate than that from the pearl millet monoculture and pigeonpea. Plants with greater shoot dry matter production and lower C/Si ratio are more effective in a no-tillage system for providing a more complete and persistent soil cover.

Dry matter production of green pea influenced by herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Nádasy ◽  
Gábor Wágner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Pea
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