scholarly journals Resistant starch supplementation effects on plasma indole 3-acetic acid and aryl hydrocarbon receptor mRNA expression in hemodialysis patients: Randomized, double blind and controlled clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Renata Azevedo ◽  
Marta Esgalhado ◽  
Julie Ann Kemp ◽  
Bruna Regis ◽  
Ludmila FMF Cardozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT Introduction: Gut microbiota imbalance is linked to high uremic toxins production such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in chronic kidney disease patients. This toxin can activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor involved with inflammation. Strategies to restore gut microbiota balance can be associated with reduced production of IAA and its deleterious effects. This study aimed to evaluate prebiotic resistant starch (RS) supplementation effects on IAA plasma levels and AhR mRNA expression in CKD patients on hemodialysis (HD). Methods: This randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated forty-two stable HD patients allocated in RS (n=22) or placebo (n=20) groups. Patients received, alternately, cookies and sachets containing 16 g/day of RS (Hi-Maize 260®) or manioc flour for four weeks. Fasting pre-dialysis blood samples were collected and IAA plasma levels measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and processed for AhR and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA expression analyzes by quantitative real-time PCR. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as food intake were also evaluated. Results: Thirty-one patients completed the study, 15 in the RS group and 16 in the placebo group. Although there was no significant alteration in IAA plasma levels, neither in AhR mRNA expression and NF-κB mRNA expression after RS supplementation, a positive correlation (r=0.48; p=0.03) was observed between IAA plasma levels and AhR expression at baseline. Conclusion: Even though prebiotic RS supplementation did not influence IAA levels or AhR expression, their positive association reinforces a possible interaction between them.

Resistant starch type-2 enriched cookies modulate uremic toxins and inflammation in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2617-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Esgalhado ◽  
Julie Ann Kemp ◽  
Bruna R. de Paiva ◽  
Jessyca Sousa Brito ◽  
Ludmila F. M. F. Cardozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Double Blind

The study evaluated the effect of resistant starch enriched cookies supplementation on the mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factors involved with inflammation and uremic toxins levels produced by the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Jianpi Qinghua Decoction on Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability and Glycolipid Metabolism in Newly Diagnosed T2DM Patients: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenyi Jin ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Qingguang Chen ◽  
Xu Han ◽  
Yahua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

Abstract BackgroundThe gut microbiome is a key target for traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) to ameliorate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with T2DM have quite distinct gut microbiota in comparisons with normal individuals, and it directly influences intestinal permeability. This study aims to investigate the underlying effects of Jianpi Qinghua Decoction on gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.Methods / designThis study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 120 subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM. The patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio into placebo group (1/10 Jianpi Qinghua Decoction + maltodextrin twice daily, n = 60) and treatment group (Jianpi Qinghua Decoction twice daily, n = 60). The study drugs will be double blinded to both investigators and participants. The visits will be done at baseline (visit 0), 1 month (visit 1), 2 months (visit 2), 3 months (visit 3). Measures include: anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) and serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), safety indexs (including blood routine examination, clinical urine tests, liver/renal profile), identifying intestinal permeability used ELISA testing serum LPS, serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), serum Zonulin concentrations and fecal sample collection for gut microbiota profiling through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 26. DiscussionWe describe a clinical research protocol evaluating the impact of Jianpi Qinghua Decoction on gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. We assume that adminstration of Jianpi Qinghua Decoction will correct gut microbial dysbiosis and intestinal permeability, leading to improved glycemic control.Trial registrationChinese clinical trial registry, identifier: ChiCTR2000039423（http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=62537&htm=4.）.Registered on 27 October 2020.

scholarly journals The effects of Berberis vulgaris consumption on plasma levels of IGF-1, IGFBPs, PPAR-γ and the expression of angiogenic genes in women with benign breast disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Pirouzpanah ◽  
Sanaz Asemani ◽  
Ali Shayanfar ◽  
Behzad Baradaran ◽  
Vahid Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Benign Breast Disease ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Berberis Vulgaris ◽  
Ppar Γ

Abstract Background The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Berberis vulgaris (BV) juice consumption on plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and the expression of PPAR-γ, VEGF and HIF in women with benign breast disease. Methods This parallel design randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 85 eligible patients diagnosed with benign breast disease. They were assigned randomly into either BV juice group (n = 44, BV juice: 480 ml/day) or placebo group (n = 41, BV placebo juice: 480 ml/day) for 8 weeks intervention. Participants, caregivers and those who assessed laboratory analyses were blinded to the assignments. Plasma levels of biomarkers were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks by ELISA. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the fold change in the expression of each interested gene. Results The compliance of participants was 95.2% and 40 available subjects analyzed in each group at last. Relative treatment (RT) effects for BV juice caused 16% fall in IGF-1 concentration and 37% reduction in the ratio of IGF-1/1GFBP1. Absolute treatment effect expressed 111 ng/ml increased mean differences of IGFBP-3 between BV group and placebo. Plasma level of PPAR-γ increased in both groups but it was not significant. Fold changes in the expressions of PPAR-γ, VEGF and HIF showed down-regulation in the intervention group compared to placebos (P < 0.05). Conclusions The BV juice intervention over 8 weeks was accompanied by acceptable efficacy and decreased plasma IGF-1, and IGF-1/IGFBP-1 ratio partly could be assigned to enhanced IGFBP-1 level in women with BBD. The intervention caused reductions in the expression levels of PPAR, VEGF, and HIF which are remarkable genomic changes to potentially prevent breast tumorigenesis. Trial registration IRCT2012110511335N2. Registered 10 July 2013 (retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Sulforaphane Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuxiu Xu ◽  
Siyuan Sun ◽  
Ling Liang ◽  
Chenxi Lou ◽  
Qijin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Scope: Gut microbiome-derived metabolites are the major mediators of diet-induced host-microbial interactions. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays a crucial role in glucose, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and AHR in sulforaphane (SFN) alleviates hepatic steatosis in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD).Methods and Results: The HFD-fed male C57BL/6 mice were intervened with SFN for 6 weeks. HFD-mice showed classical pathophysiological characteristics of hepatic steatosis. The results showed that SFN significantly reduced body weight, liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice. SFN reduced hepatic lipogenesis by activating AHR/SREBP-1C pathway, which was confirmed in HepG2 cell experiments. Moreover, SFN increased hepatic antioxidant activity by modulating Nrf-2/NQO1 expression. SFN increased serum and liver IAA level in HFD mice. Notably, SFN manipulated the gut microbiota, resulting in reducing Deferribacteres and proportions of the phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of specific bacteria that produce IAA. Furthermore, SFN upregulated Ahr expression and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in Raw264.7 cells.Conclusions: SFN ameliorated hepatic steatosis not only by modulating lipid metabolism via AHR/SREBP-1C pathway but regulating IAA and gut microbiota in HFD-induced NAFLD mice.

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