scholarly journals Dentofacial and skeletal pattern in African descendants from southeastern Brazil: clinical prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cristina Pereira de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Flávio de Mendonça COPELLO ◽  
Isabela Maria de Carvalho Crusoé SILVA ◽  
Lincoln Issamu NOJIMA ◽  
Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves NOJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
European American ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Student’S T

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of African-Brazilians young adults with excellent dental occlusion, including bimaxillary protrusion; compare them to European-American Caucasian standards, and determine whether there is sexual dimorphism in the display of this phenotype. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from 43 African-Brazilians within military personnel (28 males and 15 females, average age 22.4 ± 3.4 years) with normal occlusion, selected from a group of 394 volunteers. Thirty-one angular and linear measurements were evaluated. Student’s t-test for independent samples was used to compare results with those established by European-American standards, previously described in the literature. Results: Considering the dentoalveolar pattern, seven angular and six linear measurements showed statistically significant differences (p< 0.001) when compared to Caucasian cephalometric standards. African-Brazilians’ subjects showed lower cranial base angle (SNAr = 119.87 ± 5.66º) and anterior cranial base length (SN-distance = 68.63 ± 4.50 mm) (p< 0.001). The maxilla (SNA = 88.51 ± 3.23º) and the mandible (SNB = 85.06 ± 3.24º) were protruded in relation to the SN line (p< 0.001). Sexual dimorphism was significant for L1.NB (degrees) (p< 0.01), and interincisal angle (U1.L1) (p< 0.05). Conclusion: African-Brazilian young adults presented differences regarding dental and craniofacial characteristics, when compared to European-American norms. It can be stated that Caucasian cephalometric norms should not be applied to African-Brazilian faces.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Standards for Polish 10-Year-Olds with Normal Occlusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Obloj ◽  
Piotr Fudalej ◽  
Zofia Dudkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Perpendicular Distance ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Angle Point ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Objective: To establish gender-specific normative data for Polish children at the age of 10 years. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine boys and 34 girls (mean age 10.37, SD = 0.52) of Polish ethnicity were selected based on the following criteria: Class I molar relationship, lack of crossbite or scissor-bite, positive overjet and overbite less than 5 mm, adequate amount of space in both dental arches, no visible asymmetry, and good facial proportions. Lateral cephalograms of each subject were scanned and analyzed with the use of NemoCeph NX2005 software. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were calculated for all measured variables. Independent t-tests were performed to assess the intergender differences. The results were compared to the published norms of other white populations. Normative data were presented in the tables. Results: Intergender differences included anterior cranial base length (sella-nasion), total and lower anterior facial height (nasion-menton and ANS-menton, respectively), posterior facial height (sella-gonion), SNA angle, point A to nasion perpendicular distance, pogonion to nasion perpendicular distance, and facial axis. Conclusions: Polish 10-year-old boys had a larger anterior cranial base, and larger total anterior, lower anterior and posterior facial heights than girls. The maxillae and chin protrusion were more pronounced in girls.

scholarly journals Mandibular shape prediction using cephalometric analysis: applications in craniofacial analysis, forensic anthropology and archaeological reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Omran ◽  
David Wertheim ◽  
Kathryn Smith ◽  
Ching Yiu Jessica Liu ◽  
Farhad B. Naini
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Base ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Shape Prediction ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Mandibular Body ◽  
Archaeological Reconstruction

Abstract Background The human mandible is variable in shape, size and position and any deviation from normal can affect the facial appearance and dental occlusion. Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine whether the Sassouni cephalometric analysis could help predict two-dimensional mandibular shape in humans using cephalometric planes and landmarks. Materials and methods A retrospective computerised analysis of 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at Kingston Hospital Orthodontic Department was carried out. Results Results showed that the Euclidean straight-line mean difference between the estimated position of gonion and traced position of gonion was 7.89 mm and the Euclidean straight-line mean difference between the estimated position of pogonion and the traced position of pogonion was 11.15 mm. The length of the anterior cranial base as measured by sella-nasion was positively correlated with the length of the mandibular body gonion-menton, r = 0.381 and regression analysis showed the length of the anterior cranial base sella-nasion could be predictive of the length of the mandibular body gonion-menton by the equation 22.65 + 0.5426x, where x = length of the anterior cranial base (SN). There was a significant association with convex shaped palates and oblique shaped mandibles, p = 0.0004. Conclusions The method described in this study can be used to help estimate the position of cephalometric points gonion and pogonion and thereby sagittal mandibular length. This method is more accurate in skeletal class I cases and therefore has potential applications in craniofacial anthropology and the ‘missing mandible’ problem in forensic and archaeological reconstruction.

scholarly journals Proportional Analysis of Longitudinal Craniofacial Growth Using Modified Mesh Diagrams

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuhui Jiang ◽  
Tianmin Xu ◽  
Jiuxiang Lin ◽  
Edward F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Anatomic Landmarks ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Inferior Border

Abstract Objective: To study the craniofacial changes of adolescents followed longitudinally with their heads oriented in natural head position. Materials and Methods: Longitudinal cephalograms of adolescents (n = 28) with normal occlusion, selected from among 900 candidates, were taken at 13 and again at 18 years of age. Modified elaborate mesh diagrams were developed defined by 90 anatomic landmarks and an additional 172 interpolated points for each cephalogram using a preset computer program. Detailed proportional and disproportional craniofacial changes were showed by both statistical and graphical methods. Results: In females, most craniofacial regions exhibited growth that was proportionate to the mesh core rectangle reference on extracranial true vertical. In males, there was an upward, disproportional enhanced shift of the anterior cranial base and a downward enhanced shift of the mandibular symphysis and inferior border of the corpus. Conclusions: This elaborate mesh analysis, based on mesh core rectangle and referenced on estimated natural head position, provides a novel graphical as well as quantitative method of assessing craniofacial growth. From 13 to 18 years of age, two sexes with normal occlusion displayed different growth patterns referenced on estimated natural head position. In females, most craniofacial regions exhibited growth proportional to the mesh core rectangle. In males, there was an upward, enhanced shift of the anterior cranial base and a downward enhanced shift of the mandibular symphysis and inferior border of the corpus.

scholarly journals Wylie-Johnson analysis of adolescents of Afro-Brazilian descent with normal occlusion: investigation of the mean values

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Lígia Maria LORENZI ◽  
Darcy Flávio NOUER ◽  
Ivana Uglik GARBUI ◽  
Vânia FONTANELLA ◽  
Nelson PADILHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Bimaxillary Protrusion ◽  
Afro Brazilian

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate mean cephalometric measurements for a group of individuals of Afro-Brazilian descent using the Wylie-Johnson analysis, and to investigate the presence of sexual dimorphism. METHODS: Thirty-six lateral radiographs of the head of African-Brazilians were used. Subjects were 10 to 14 years old and had clinically normal occlusion, all permanent teeth, and no history of orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: Results for girls and boys were, respectively: SNA 88.31º and 89.68º; SNB 83.96º and 85.01º; ANB 4.44º and 4.69º; 1:1= 118.18º and 116.51º; FG-ST 16.47 mm and 16.12 mm; ST-Pmf 19.69 mm and 19.88 mm; Pmf-ANS 53.69 mm and 54.84 mm; Pmf-1ºMS 21.83 mm and 20.64 mm; FG-Pg 108.19 mm and 108.45 mm; FPL -MPL 27.48º and 27.65º; TAFH 111.06 mm and 112.26 mm; UAFH 45.26 mm and 45.38 mm; LAFH 65.80 mm and 66.88 mm; FG-FPL 1.069 mm and -2.086 mm; MBL 70.24 mm and 69.67 mm; MRH 51.89 mm and 53.70 mm; gonial angle 129.27º and 129.28º. Results of Student's-t test (α=5%) did not show any sexual dimorphism. Results of descriptive statistics were similar for the individuals of Afro-Brazilian descent in the study. CONCLUSION: Individuals of African descent had bimaxillary protrusion, a more acute interincisal angle, a larger inferior facial height, and a markedly convex profile.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric investigation of craniofacial morphological change in domesticated silver foxes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Kistner ◽  
Katherine D. Zink ◽  
Steven Worthington ◽  
Daniel E. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Domestication Syndrome ◽  
Morphometric Investigation ◽  
Unselected Population

AbstractTo test the effects of domestication on craniofacial skeletal morphology, we used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (GM) along with linear and endocranial measurements to compare selected (domesticated) and unselected foxes from the Russian Farm-Fox Experiment to wild foxes from the progenitor population from which the farmed foxes are derived. Contrary to previous findings, we find that domesticated and unselected foxes show minimal differences in craniofacial shape and size compared to the more substantial differences between the wild foxes and both populations of farmed foxes. GM analyses and linear measurements demonstrate that wild foxes differ from farmed foxes largely in terms of less cranial base flexion, relatively expanded cranial vaults, and increased endocranial volumes. These results challenge the assumption that the unselected population of foxes kept as part of the Russian Farm-Fox experiment are an appropriate proxy for ‘wild’ foxes in terms of craniofacial morphology and highlight the need to include wild populations in further studies of domestication syndrome to disentangle the phenotypic effects of multiple selection pressures. These findings also suggest that marked increases in docility cannot be reliably diagnosed from shape differences in craniofacial skeletal morphology.

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