scholarly journals BORDERLANDS AND ACCOMMODATION: SPANISH SOLDIERS AND AMERINDIAN NATIONS IN LOUISIANA AND FLORIDA (1763-1803)

Almanack ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soizic Croguennec
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Treaty Of Versailles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anglo American

Abstract The treaty of Paris at the end of the Seven Years war meant the addition of Louisiana to the Spanish Empire in 1763 while the treaty of Versailles at the end of the United States war of Independence marked the return of the Floridas under Spanish control, thus making the end of the 18th century the largest expansion of the Spanish Empire in North America. Yet this large territory was only of marginal importance in the Spanish imperial structure even as it did represent a real geopolitical interest due to being essential for the control of the Gulf of Mexico and the protection of New Spain against growing British ambitions. This focus on the geopolitical and military function of Louisiana and Florida explains a very pragmatic management of the borderlands and lack of real economic and human investment by the Spanish crown. In this context, the outermost territories in close contact with both the confines of the Anglo-American colonies and the Native communities were places in which individual and collective survival was a constant struggle. The judicial and military records present in the Papeles de Cuba section of the Archivo de Indias offers a wide range of agencies, behaviors and strategies, revealing a permanent process of accommodation, negotiation, traffic and mobilities that create a remarkable social and identity fluidity. In the borderlands, the line between what was legal and what was illegal, or between loyalty and treason, was a very narrow and porous one.

Rediscovering Blackstone: wpływ Williama Blackstone’a na rozwój amerykańskiej nauki prawa w recepcji Alberta W. Alschulera

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Edyta Sokalska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
American Law ◽  
The Common

The reception of common law in the United States was stimulated by a very popular and influential treatise Commentaries on the Laws of England by Sir William Blackstone, published in the late 18th century. The work of Blackstone strengthened the continued reception of the common law from the American colonies into the constituent states. Because of the large measure of sovereignty of the states, common law had not exactly developed in the same way in every state. Despite the fact that a single common law was originally exported from England to America, a great variety of factors had led to the development of different common law rules in different states. Albert W. Alschuler from University of Chicago Law School is one of the contemporary American professors of law. The part of his works can be assumed as academic historical-legal narrations, especially those concerning Blackstone: Rediscovering Blackstone and Sir William Blackstone and the Shaping of American Law. Alschuler argues that Blackstone’s Commentaries inspired the evolution of American and British law. He introduces not only the profile of William Blackstone, but also examines to which extent the concepts of Blackstone have become the basis for the development of the American legal thought.

Empire by Imitation? US Economic Imperialism within a British World System

2018 ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
Marc-William Palen
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
American Empire ◽  
Open Door ◽  
System P ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Economic Imperialism

Most comparative studies of the British and American empires focus on the pre-1945 British Empire and the post-1945 American Empire. The tendency to avoid contemporaneous studies of the two empires suggests that there may be more differences than similarities between them, particularly when examining their imperial trade policies from the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth century. For those studies attempting such comparisons, the so-called Open Door Empire of the United States is commonly depicted as having copied the free-trade imperial policies of its estranged motherland by the turn of the century. Such studies then assert that these imitative imperial policies reached new Anglo-Saxonist heights following US colonial Caribbean and Pacific acquisitions from the Spanish Empire in 1898, followed closely by the fin-de-siècle Anglo-American ‘Great Rapprochement’. This chapter challenges this imitative imperial narrative by bringing to light the contrasting ways in which the American Empire grew in the shadow of the British Empire.

Britain and Antislavery

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anglo American

This chapter explores the multiple dimensions to Frederick Douglass’s invocations of Britain at the lectern. It surveys a wide range of his speeches delivered in the United States between the 1840s and 1880s, and during his two British tours, to unravel the creative uses to which he put his “perplexing duality” toward an Anglo-American commons as part of the struggle for abolition and civil rights. It argues that Douglass’s transatlantic rhetoric helped underpin three strands of his career. First, the idea of an Atlantic world patterned by institutions of speech allowed him to develop his concepts of moral suasion and public opinion. Second, firsthand testimony of British social relations underwrote his transition from antislavery activist to cosmopolitan intellectual engaged with broader issues of citizenship and racial intolerance. Finally, the complex historical narrative of Britain provided Douglass with a vocabulary and teleology through which to contemplate imagined futures for America.

scholarly journals William Dwight Whitney

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Alter
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Oriental Society ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Yale College ◽  
Max Müller ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
American Philological Association

The American Sanskritist and linguist William Dwight Whitney (b. 1827–d. 1894) was his country’s most important professional language scholar and linguistic theorist of the 19th century. Whitney grew up in Northampton, Massachusetts, attended Williams College in that state, and for nearly three years did advanced study of “Oriental” languages in Germany at the universities of Berlin and Tübingen. In 1854 he began a long career at Yale College in Connecticut, teaching Sanskrit Language and Literature as well as modern languages, chiefly French and German. Whitney was a pillar of the American Oriental Society (established 1842), and a founder and the first president of the American Philological Association (established 1869). His research specialty was Indology: he was an expert in Sanskrit grammar. The focus of the present article, however, will be Whitney’s general linguistic thought, beginning with an overview of his ideas about language as a whole and about language prescriptivism. Then follows a description of the 18th-century sources of Whitney’s views, as well as of Whitney’s long debate with Friedrich Max Müller, who embodied all of the worst tendencies (as Whitney regarded them) of romanticist language theory. Responding to such tendencies made up a large portion of Whitney’s own theoretical output. Our discussion then considers Whitney’s legacy in three areas: (1) his influence on and critique of Neogrammarian doctrine, (2) the inspiration (both positive and negative) Whitney gave to Ferdinand de Saussure, and (3) the impetus he gave to aspects of 20th–21st-century sociolinguistic investigation, particularly by calling attention to the phenomenon of lexical diffusion. Whitney’s career as a language theorist began in 1864, with a lecture series on “The Principles of Linguistic Science” presented at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, and, in an expanded version, at Boston’s Lowell Institute. These lectures became the basis of his book Language and the Study of Language (1867), a number of short pieces gathered and republished in Volume 1 of his Oriental and Linguistic Studies (1873), and his book The Life and Growth of Language (1875). All of these writings expressed Whitney’s quintessentially Anglo-American Common-Sense realist language philosophy. His 1867 and 1875 books were translated into the major European languages, the latter work being more successful in terms of the international attention it received and its impact, particularly on the German Neogrammarians, but also due to its long use as a linguistics textbook at institutions in the United States.

Origins of Catholic Social Reform in the United States: Ideological Aspects

1949 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-309
Author(s):  
Aaron I. Abell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anglo American

Represented by a small, pioneering religious group in the Anglo-American colonies, the Catholic faith was not transplanted in conspicuous degree to the United States until the nineteenth century. Mainly through immigration the Catholic population in the United States rose from a mere 50,000 in 1800 to more than twelve millions a century later. Though many believed that countless Catholics were lost in the transition process—the question has been endlessly debated—few denied the preeminent success of the Catholic Church in handling immigrants. Its swelling membership steadily augmented its influence on most phases of American life, including the social movements which played so large and significant a part in the nation's development during the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals The War of Independence: a surgical algorithm for the treatment of head injury in the continental army

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-243
Author(s):  
Victor M. Sabourin ◽  
Manan Shah ◽  
Frederick Yick ◽  
Chirag D. Gandhi ◽  
Charles J. Prestigiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Continental Army ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds

The American Revolution was a gruesome warthat resulted in the independence of the United States of America from the British crown and countless casualties to both belligerents. However, from these desperate times, the treatment of traumatic head injury was elucidated, as were the origins of American neurosurgery in the 18th century. During the war, the surgical manual used by military field surgeons was titled Plain Concise Practical Remarks on the Treatment of Wounds and Fractures, by Dr. John Jones. This manual explains the different types of cranial injuries understood at that time as well as the relevant surgical treatment. This article seeks to review the surgical treatment of head injury in the Revolutionary War as outlined by Dr. Jones’s manual.

William Bradford

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Read
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Students of William Bradford (b. 1590–d. 1657) approach his career from two main standpoints that are closely related but that lead in rather different directions in terms of the existing scholarship. First, there is Bradford the historical personage, the governor of Plymouth Colony for two separate periods of a dozen years (1621–1633 and 1645–1657) and for several shorter terms in between, thus an important figure in the early British colonization of North America as well as in the myth of national founding that developed after the American War of Independence. Second, there is Bradford the writer, the author of the most important and best-known document to emerge from New England during the first phase of settlement, Of Plymouth Plantation. This manuscript was largely out of view for approximately 200 years—in private hands after Bradford’s death and through the 18th century, presumed lost during the American War of Independence, finally located in the bishop of London’s library in 1855, first printed in 1856, and returned to the United States only in 1897—so in many respects Bradford’s history of Plymouth belongs to the modern age. The text is divided between a fairly short First Book that is organized into chapters and offers an eloquent and coherent narrative of the early history of the Pilgrims up to the arrival on Cape Cod and a lengthy Second Book, divided into annals that chronicle Plymouth Colony’s activities from 1621 through 1646. Obviously, Bradford’s manuscript is the essential primary source for the history of the Pilgrims’ colonial enterprise, but its merits and nuances as a book have been recognized at least since its rediscovery in the 19th century, and excerpts from it have a place in the first part of every comprehensive anthology of American literature. The researcher’s line of inquiry will depend on whether the main interest is in Bradford’s contribution to literary and intellectual history or to history more broadly understood, though there remain many possible points of intersection. The aim here is to provide both the core group of materials related to Bradford and a range of resources for exploring the context of important passages, themes, and events in Of Plymouth Plantation.

Britain and the ‘Great Betrayal’: Anglo-American Relations and the Struggle for United States Ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, 1919–1920

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Egerton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Senate ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
British Government ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Treaty Of Versailles ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
Anglo American

Historians have examined in great detail the dramatic debate in American politics over the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles which culminated in the physical collapse of President Wilson and the defeat of his peace programme. The failure of Wilson to carry his programme through the United States senate represented also a distinct setback for the peacemaking strategies of the British government whose policies at the peace conference had been based in large measure on the hope that an enduring trans-Atlantic partnership could be established. The British government followed closely the American treaty debate, sending Viscount Grey, the former Liberal foreign secretary, as a special ambassador, and played a significant if unsuccessful role in the outcome of the drama. It is the intention of this article to examine the attitudes and role of the Lloyd George government through the latter part of 1919 and into 1920 with regard to the fate of the Treaty of Versailles in America, and in particular to reassess the part played by Viscount Grey. It is hoped to shed some new light on the dilemmas of foreign policy and defence strategy encountered at this time by Britain and the empire, as well as to elucidate certain aspects of the American struggle. Since the Covenant of the League of Nations lay at the heart of the American fight over the treaty, it is hoped also that new insight will be provided on the uncertain inauguration of the League.

The Press becomes Power: Political Discussions on the Pages of the US Periodical Press in the Late 18th Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Filimonova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Independent State ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Masses

The monograph examines the evolution of American public opinion in the key period of the history of the creation of the United States as an independent state, the ratification of the Constitution and the formation of federal power. It is shown what methods were used by the mass media of the XVIII century. to mobilize the masses, how the work with information took place, how the news agenda was formed. The growing influence of the press in American society is presented as a natural part of the political and cultural transformations associated with the War of Independence and the difficult international situation of the 1790s. It is intended for American historians, researchers, teachers of higher and secondary schools, students, bachelors, masters and postgraduates, as well as anyone interested in the problems of US history.

The US–Mexico War and American Literary History

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Javier Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Mexican American Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Anglo American

The US–Mexico War produced a wide range of literature in the United States that exposed the provisional and contingent qualities of US nationalism, even while it also asserted the anti-Mexican racism and xenophobia that continues to shape cultural and political discourse in the early 21st century. Much of the popular literature produced in mass-market novelette form, for example, deployed a range of Mexican enemies that ran through a sequence from noble, chivalrous opponents, to fiendish enemies and terrorist bandits. This instability in how writers saw Mexico and Mexicans suggests that the war could paradoxically generate critical self-reflections that countered essentialist notions of manifest destiny. The eventual projection of the bandit figure as the prototypical Mexican villain reinforced Anglo-American national self-definitions of moral, cultural, and racial superiority as a response to the destabilizing energies resulting from the invasion of a neighboring American republic. For Mexican American writers, the war, although a major feature of Mexican American literature, nonetheless became an environment in which to explore conditions of non-national, liminal border identities, which became strikingly relevant as the 20th century turned into the 21st. In Mexico, the agonized response to the nation’s failure to stop the “Yankee” invader led instead to a confrontation with its own lack of a unifying national identity and forced writers and political intellectuals to ask hard questions about Mexico’s destiny.

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