scholarly journals Variability and spatial distribution of hydrodynamic properties in soil with preserved Caatinga

RBRH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Martins de França Neto ◽  
Artur Paiva Coutinho ◽  
Simone Di Prima ◽  
Saulo de Tarso Marques Bezerra ◽  
Severino Martins dos Santos Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Hydrodynamic Properties ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT The functions of soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity are indispensable for the characterization and modeling of the infiltration and water transfer processes in the vadose zone. In the case of the Brazilian semi-arid region, characterized by the scarcity of water resources, there is a lack of information on the hydrodynamic properties of the soil. Also, these properties have numerous factors of variability, requiring the characterization of their magnitude and distribution in space. This research presents an analysis of the infiltration process and the hydrodynamic properties of the soil under native Caatinga forest, observing its spatial distribution. This vegetation is typical of the Brazilian semi-arid region. One developed a 48-point grid in an area of approximately 875 m2, and applied on it the Beerkan methodology. The analyzes were performed based on the application of the BEST-Slope algorithm and statistical measures of the position, dispersion, and adherence tests. The results showed medium to high variability indices for the hydrodynamic properties, with random spatial distribution, despite the verification of a homogeneous texture in the area. Thus, it was found that the soil structure was predominant in the processes of water infiltration.

scholarly journals Ocorrência de Galhas em Espécies de Croton do Parque Nacional Vale do Catimbau (PE) (Occurrence of Galls on Species of Croton Catimbau Valley Nacional Park (PE))

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maíra Honorato de Moura Silva ◽  
Luiz Oliveira da Costa Filho ◽  
Antônio Fernando Morais Oliveira ◽  
Jarcilene S. Almeida-Cortez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Loss Of Diversity ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Excellent Tool ◽  
Semi Arid

Insetos que induzem galhas podem constituir excelente ferramenta para estudos ambientais por serem sésseis, de fácil localização, abundantes e hospedeiro-específicos. Como bioindicadores respondem às perturbações ambientais mostrando perda de diversidade e alterações nas abundâncias populacionais tanto das espécies galhadoras como dos parasitoides. A importância ecológica das galhas despertou o interesse em descrever a morfologia e o padrão de distribuição espacial de galhas em três espécies de Croton (Croton adamantinus, C. argyrophyllus, C. grewioides) de região semi-árida. Para isso, foram levadas ao laboratório ramos de 10 indivíduos de cada espécie pra serem realizadas análise. Foram observadas, nas três espécies, galhas tanto foliares quanto caulinares com exceção de C. grewioides que só apresentou galhas foliares. A galha foliar do C. adamantinus apresentou coloração verde, pilosa, globóide, a galha caulinar mostrou-se de coloração marrom, glabra e ovóide. As galhas do C. argyrophyllus, tanto foliar quanto caulinar, apresentaram coloração amarelada, pilosa e globóide. Galhas em C. grewioides mostraram-se amareladas, pilosas, cilíndricas. As galhas de C. argyrophyllus estiveram presentes preferencialmente na face abaxial, região basal e borda da folha. Já as galhas em C. grewioides ocorreram em pequenas quantidades na face abaxial. Palavras-chave: Caatinga, Euphorbiaceae, Herbivoria.   Occurrence of Galls on Species of Croton Catimbau Valley Nacional Park (PE)   ABSTRACT Insects that induce galls can be an excellent tool for environmental studies because they are sessile, easy location, abundant and host-specific. As bioindicators respond to environmental perturbations showing loss of diversity and changes in population abundance of both species of parasitoids as galling. The ecological importance of galls sparked interest in describing morphology and pattern of spatial distribution of galls on three species of Croton (Croton adamantinus, C. argyrophyllus, C. grewioides) of semi-arid region. For this, they were taken to the laboratory branches 10 individuals of each species to be carried out analysis. Were observed in all three species, both leaf and stem galls with exception of C. grewioides only had leaf galls. The leaf gall of C. adamantinus presented color green, hairy, globose, stem gall proved to be brown, ovoid and glabrous. The galls of C. argyrophyllus both leaf and stem showed yellowish, globose and hairy. Galls in C. grewioides proved to be yellowish, hairy, cylindrical. The galls of C. argyrophyllus were present preferentially on abaxial, basal and edge of sheet. Since the galls in C. grewioides occurred in small quantities on abaxial surface.Keywords: Caatinga, Euphorbiaceae, Herbivonia.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of soil carbon stocks in a semi-arid region of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. e00192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Mitran ◽  
Umakant Mishra ◽  
Rattan Lal ◽  
T. Ravisankar ◽  
K. Sreenivas
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL RELASHIONSHIP OF CAATINGA AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC FACTORS THROUGH REMOTE DATA

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Janisson Batista de Jesus ◽  
Mariana Mizutani Ribeiro ◽  
Tatiana Mora Kuplich ◽  
Bruno Barros de Souza ◽  
Dráuzio Correia Gama
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Semi Arid

The caatinga is characteristic of the semi-arid region of Brazil, of significant coverage in the northeast of the country and, therefore, geoprocessing and statistical techniques can be important tools to analyze the environmental factors associated with its distribution. The present study had the objective of analyzing the relationship of: altimetry, slope, soil type and river proximity in the spatial distribution of the caatinga vegetation, using a database generated by geoprocessing techniques. NDVI was used, and statistical analysis was based on multiple regression and Pearson's correlation. The results show that the weather station is the only variable that presented a high determination coefficient with the caatinga vegetation (R2 = 0.956), while the other independent variables have weak or nonexistent correlation. With the techniques of geoprocessing was allowed to observe that the Caatinga has a generalist spatial distribution of occurrence, not having a defined pattern.

Fine-scale spatial distribution ofmurundusstructures in the semi-arid region of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique J. De Souza ◽  
Jacques H. C. Delabie
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Can the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica sand-fixing forest develop sustainably in a semi-arid region?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiben Cheng ◽  
Hongbin Zhan ◽  
Mingchang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Mu Us Sandy Land ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Desertification is a global environmental and societal concern at present, and China is one of the countries that face the most severe damage of desertification. China’s so-called Three North shelterbelt Program (3NSP) has produced a vast area of lined forest in the semi-arid regions with the purpose of battling desertification. Such a wind-breaking and sand-fixing forest has successfully slowed down the incursion of desert. However, the vast artificial forestry consumes a large amount of water resources, which profoundly affect the fragile ecological environment in the semi-arid regions. In turn, a large amount of water loss also causes a great number of vegetation deaths or defects. To understand the water balance and sustainable development of artificial forest in semi-arid region, this study uses the 30-year-old lined Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica sand-fixing forest in the eastern part of Mu Us Sandy land in Northwestern China as an example. Specifically, this investigation studies the redistribution of water in soil under existing precipitation conditions, so as to evaluate whether the rain-feed forestry can develop sustainably or not. Rain gauge, newly designed lysimeter and soil moisture sensor are used to monitor precipitation, deep soil recharge (DSR) and soil water content, resulting in an accurate estimation of annual moisture distribution of the rain-feed Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. The study shows that there are two obvious moisture recharge processes in an annual base for the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest soil in Mu Us Sandy land: 1) the snow melted water infiltration-recharge process in the spring, and 2) the precipitation-recharge process in the summer. The recharge depth of the first process is 160 cm. The second process results in DSR (referring to recharge that can reach a depth more than 200 cm and may eventually replenish the groundwater reservoir). The DSR of 2016–2018 is 1.4 mm, 0.2 mm, 1.2 mm, respectively. To reach the recharge depths of 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm, and 200 cm, the corresponding precipitation intensities have to be 2.6 mm/d, 3.2 mm/d, 3.4 mm/d, 8.2 mm/d, 8.2 mm/d, and 13.2 mm/d, respectively. The annual evaporation amount in the Mu Us Sandyland Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest is 426.96 mm in 2016, 324.6 mm in 2017, 416.253 mm in 2018. This study concludes that under the current precipitation conditions, very small but observable DSR happened, thus the groundwater system underneath the forest may be replenished, meaning that the artificial Pinus forestry can probably develop sustainably. This study confirms that developing limited amount forestry in semi-arid regions is likely in a sustainable fashion. The widely variable annual precipitation in semi-arid areas may affect this conclusion and should be investigated in the future.

scholarly journals Land-use change effect on the hydro-dynamic characteristics of soil in the Brazilian semi-arid region

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Willames Albuquerque Soares ◽  
Simone Rosa da Silva ◽  
José Romualdo de Sousa Lima
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Hydrodynamic Processes ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

 The search for better living conditions has led the residents of the Brazilian semi-arid region to plant forage crops, leading to a gradual decrease in the native vegetation (Caatinga) of this region. The effects caused by the replacement of Caatinga with palm, for example, have been little studied, especially with regard to the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil. The objective of this study was to compare the physical-hydraulic characteristics of a litholic neosol in two areas having different vegetation cover: one area cultivated with forage palm (O. ficus-indica) and the other covered by native Caatinga. Differences in soil structure, especially in porosity, between the natural and cultivated soils were observed to control the hydrodynamic processes, resulting in changes in water retention curves and hydraulic conductivity. Natural soil presents low values of hydraulic conductivity when compared to those of cultivated soil. This increase is probably due to soil management required for forage palm cultivation. The natural soil structure, characterized by relatively low saturated hydraulic conductivity values, presents an infiltrability that favors surface runoff. Human activities in the study area have promoted changes in the soil’s physical attributes, decreasing density and increasing porosity. Consequently, there is an increase in water infiltration into the soil and a reduction of runoff in cultivated areas, confirming results obtained in previous studies.

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