scholarly journals Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of the brain and heart in the chronic cardiac form of Chagas' disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eymard Homem Pittella ◽  
Cicero Meneguette ◽  
Alfredo J. Afonso Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Immunohistochemical Examination ◽  
Chronic Myocarditis ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease ◽  
Made In

A histopathological and immunohistochemical study of the brain and heart was made in 50 patients with the chronic cardiac form of Chagas' disease. The immunohistochemical technique used was the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method adapted for the demonstration of the T. cruzi amastigotes. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of the brain showed encephalitis in multiple foci, although sparse, in four patients (8%). In one of the patients the process was recent, active, and containing parasites. In the other three patients, the lesions were of minor intensity, with light exudative inflammatory changes, suggesting a process becoming inactive, or already inactive. The search for parasites in these three patients was negative, even with use of immunoperoxidase. The heart histological and immunohistochemical study showed, besides the chronic myocarditis in multiple foci associated with interstitial fibrosis, amastigotes in seven patients (14%). The absence of parasites and of inflammatory changes in the brain in the great majority of patients with chronic Chagas' disease, contrasting with the constant finding of inflammatory changes and the occasional finding of amastigotes in the myocardium of the same patients, allows us to state, in the same way other authors did, that there is no histopathological basis to support the existence of the chronic nervous form of Chagas' disease.

scholarly journals Stroke and brain atrophy in chronic Chagas disease patients: A new theory proposition

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamary Oliveira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Low Cardiac Output ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

Abstract Chagas disease (CD) remains a major cause of cardiomyopathy and stroke in developing countries. Brain damage in CD has been attributed exclusively to the effects of structural heart disease on the brain, including cardioembolism and low cardiac output symptoms. However, CD patients also develop stroke and brain atrophy independently of cardiac disease severity. Chronic inflammation directed against T. cruzi may act as a trigger for endothelial damage, platelet activation, acceleration of atherosclerosis and apoptosis, all of which lead to stroke and brain atrophy. In the present article, evidence supporting this new theory is presented, along with considerations towards mechanistically-based targeted treatment.

Effects of repetitive stress during the acute phase ofTrypanosoma cruziinfection on chronic Chagas' disease in rats

Stress ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leony Cristina Caetano ◽  
Vânia Brazão ◽  
Marina Del Vecchio Filipin ◽  
Fabricia Helena Santello ◽  
Luana Naiara Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Repetitive Stress ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

Ficolin‐3 in chronic Chagas disease: Low serum levels associated with the risk of cardiac insufficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kárita Cláudia Freitas Lidani ◽  
Fabiana Antunes Andrade ◽  
Marcia Holsbach Beltrame ◽  
Indira Chakravarti ◽  
Maria Regina Tizzot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cardiac Insufficiency ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease ◽  
Low Serum

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6385
Author(s):  
Maya A. Dymova ◽  
Elena V. Kuligina ◽  
Vladimir A. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Conventional Radiation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary brain tumor, is highly resistant to conventional radiation and chemotherapy, and is not amenable to effective surgical resection. The present review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of therapeutic resistance of GBM to already known drugs, the molecular characteristics of glioblastoma cells, and the barriers in the brain that underlie drug resistance. We also discuss the progress that has been made in the development of new targeted drugs for glioblastoma, as well as advances in drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB).

scholarly journals Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on Brain Neurochemistry and Development in a Porcine Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Natalia Yeste ◽  
Daniel Valent ◽  
Laura Arroyo ◽  
Marta Vázquez-Gómez ◽  
Consolación García-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Maternal Supplementation ◽  
The Brain

Supplementation of a mother’s diet with antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HTX), has been proposed to ameliorate the adverse phenotypes of fetuses at risk of intrauterine growth restriction. In the present study, sows were treated daily with or without 1.5 mg of HTX per kilogram of feed from day 35 of pregnancy (at 30% of total gestational period), and individuals were sampled at three different ages: 100-day-old fetuses and 1-month- and 6-month-old piglets. After euthanasia, the brain was removed and the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were dissected. The profile of the catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitters (NTs) was characterized and an immunohistochemical study of the hippocampus was performed. The results indicated that maternal supplementation with HTX during pregnancy affected the NT profile in a brain-area-dependant mode and it modified the process of neuron differentiation in the hippocampal CA1 and GD areas, indicating that cell differentiation occurred more rapidly in the HTX group. These effects were specific to the fetal period, concomitantly with HTX maternal supplementation, since no major differences remained between the control and treated groups in 1-month- and 6-month-old pigs.

scholarly journals Serological Diagnosis of Chronic Chagas Disease: Is It Time for a Change?

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1566-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Abras ◽  
Montserrat Gállego ◽  
Teresa Llovet ◽  
Silvia Tebar ◽  
Mercedes Herrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Single Technique ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

Chagas disease has spread to areas that are nonendemic for the disease with human migration. Since no single reference standard test is available, serological diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease requires at least two tests. New-generation techniques have significantly improved the accuracy of Chagas disease diagnosis by the use of a large mixture of recombinant antigens with different detection systems, such as chemiluminescence. The aim of the present study was to assess the overall accuracy of a new-generation kit, the Architect Chagas (cutoff, ≥1 sample relative light units/cutoff value [S/CO]), as a single technique for the diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease. The Architect Chagas showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 99.5 to 100%) and a specificity of 97.6% (95% CI, 95.2 to 99.9%). Five out of six false-positive serum samples were a consequence of cross-reactivity withLeishmaniaspp., and all of them achieved results of <5 S/CO. We propose the Architect Chagas as a single technique for screening in blood banks and for routine diagnosis in clinical laboratories. Only gray-zone and positive sera with a result of ≤6 S/CO would need to be confirmed by a second serological assay, thus avoiding false-positive sera and the problem of cross-reactivity withLeishmaniaspecies. The application of this proposal would result in important savings in the cost of Chagas disease diagnosis and therefore in the management and control of the disease.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability: Analysis of time-domain indices in patients with chronic Chagas disease before and after an exercise program

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Amaral da Silva Souza ◽  
Carla Cristiane Santos Soares ◽  
Juliana Rega de Oliveira ◽  
Cláudia Rosa de Oliveira ◽  
Paloma Hargreaves Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

scholarly journals Evolution of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibody production in patients with chronic Chagas disease: Correlation between antibody titers and development of cardiac disease severity

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e0005796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingebourg Georg ◽  
Alejandro Marcel Hasslocher-Moreno ◽  
Sergio Salles Xavier ◽  
Marcelo Teixeira de Holanda ◽  
Eric Henrique Roma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

Obstructive nephropathy and renal fibrosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (5) ◽  
pp. F861-F875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Klahr ◽  
Jeremiah Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Obstructive Nephropathy ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Interstitial fibrosis has a major role in the progression of renal diseases. Several animal models are available for the study of renal fibrosis. The models of aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome, cyclosporin nephrotoxicity, and passive Heyman nephritis are characterized by molecular and cellular events similar to those that occur in obstructive nephropathy. Additionally, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme exerts salutary effects on the progression of renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) has emerged as an important model for the study of the mechanisms of renal fibrosis and also for the evaluation of the impact of potential therapeutic approaches to ameliorate renal disease. Many quantifiable pathophysiological events occur over the span of 1 wk of UUO, making this an attractive model for study. This paper reviews some of the ongoing studies that utilized a rodent model of UUO. Some of the findings of the animal model have been compared with observations made in patients with obstructive nephropathy. Most of the evidence suggests that the rodent model of UUO is reflective of human renal disease processes.

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