Diversity and habitat preferences of Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in two agroecosystems

The present study had as objective determine the diversity and abundance of adults Carabidae and Staphylinidae in two areas, constituted by forest fragment and soybean/corn crops under conventional tillage and no-tillage systems and to analyze the distribution and preference of those beetles for the habitat. The beetles were sampled with 48 pitfall traps. In both experimental areas, two parallel transects of pitfall traps were installed. Each transect had 100 m in the crop and 100 m in the forest fragment. Four traps were close to each other (1 m) in the edge between the crop and the forest fragment, the other traps were installed each 10 m. The obtained data were submitted to the faunistic analysis and the preference of the species by habitat was obtained by cluster analysis. The results demonstrated that the type of crop system (conventional tillage or no-tillage) might have influenced the diversity of species of Carabidae and Staphylinidae. The cluster analysis evidenced that the carabids may prefer a specific habitat. In the present study, the distribution of carabids and staphylinids in the three habitats showed that these beetles have potential to be dispersed at great distances inside the crop.

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Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2010001200001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1331-1341 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Homero Bergamaschi ◽

Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽

João Ito Bergonci ◽

Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽

Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Extinction Coefficient ◽

Water Availability ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Area Index ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

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Distribution and vertical stratification of carbon and nitrogen in soil under different managements in the pampean region of Argentina

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832011000600015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1985-1994 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carina Rosa Álvarez ◽

Alejandro Oscar Costantini ◽

Alfredo Bono ◽

Miguel Ángel Taboada ◽

Flavio Hernán Gutiérrez Boem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Layer ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

C Storage ◽

C Pools ◽

No Till ◽

Total Organic C

One of the expected benefits of no-tillage systems is a higher rate of soil C sequestration. However, higher C retention in soil is not always apparent when no-tillage is applied, due e.g., to substantial differences in soil type and initial C content. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of no-tillage management to increase the stock of total organic C in soils of the Pampas region in Argentina. Forty crop fields under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems and seven undisturbed soils were sampled. Total organic C, total N, their fractions and stratification ratios and the C storage capacity of the soils under different managements were assessed in samples to a depth of 30 cm, in three layers (0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm). The differences between the C pools of the undisturbed and cultivated soils were significant (p < 0.05) and most pronounced in the top (0-5 cm) soil layer, with more active C near the soil surface (undisturbed > no-tillage > conventional tillage). Based on the stratification ratio of the labile C pool (0-5/5-15 cm), the untilled were separated from conventionally tilled areas. Much of the variation in potentially mineralizable C was explained by this active C fraction (R² = 0.61) and by total organic C (R² = 0.67). No-till soils did not accumulate more organic C than conventionally tilled soils in the 0-30 cm layer, but there was substantial stratification of total and active C pools at no till sites. If the C stratification ratio is really an indicator of soil quality, then the C storage potential of no-tillage would be greater than in conventional tillage, at least in the surface layers. Particulate organic C and potentially mineralizable C may be useful to evaluate variations in topsoil organic matter.

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Conservational Tillage and Cultivar Influence on Peanut Production1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-22-2-9 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 120-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

F. S. Wright ◽

D. M. Porter

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

The Other ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Meat Content ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Tillage System ◽

Total Meat ◽

Better Than

Abstract The influence of conservational tillage and cultivar on pod yield, crop value, and market grade factors was evaluated as a means to increase the production efficiency of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Two conservational tillage systems, in-row and band tillage, and one conventional tillage system were compared over a 4-yr period using the cultivars Florigiant, NC 6, and VA 81B. For all three cultivars, pod yields averaged 15% less and crop values averaged 21% less under the conservational tillage systems as compared to the conventional tillage system. The cultivar NC 6 performed slightly better than Florigiant and VA 81B. The percentage of extra large kernels for NC 6 was significantly higher than for the other two cultivars. There were no significant differences in the percentage of sound mature kernels and total meat content between the three cultivars. Tillage systems did not have a consistent effect on grade factors over the 4-yr period.

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Atrazine Dissipation as Affected by Surface pH and Tillage

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500027867 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 101-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. J. Kells ◽

C. E. Rieck ◽

R. L. Blevins ◽

W. M. Muir

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Field Studies ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Field Conditions ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Surface Ph ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Decreasing Ph

Field studies and laboratory analyses were conducted to examine factors affecting degradation of14C-atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamine)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] under field conditions. The effects of these factors on weed control under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems were also examined. The amount of radioactivity which was unextractable in 90% methanol increased with time following treatment with14C-atrazine. The rate of formation of unextractable14C compounds was greater under no-tillage and increased with decreasing pH. After 14 to 18 days, a greater amount of extractable atrazine was present in areas receiving lime. The degradation of atrazine occurred more rapidly when surface pH was less than 5.0 compared with a pH greater than 6.5. The effect of lime on the amount of parent atrazine present in the soil was directly correlated to its effect on soil pH. Extractable atrazine in the soil 45 days after treatment was significantly correlated with weed control with the greatest effect under no-tillage.

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Effect of Tillage Systems on the Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Imazaquin and Imazethapyr in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500071848 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 233-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. Anthony Mills ◽

William W. Witt

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Adequate Control ◽

No Till ◽

Herbicide Treatment ◽

Giant Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the interactions of tillage systems with imazaquin and imazethapyr on weed control and soybean injury and yield. Control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail from imazaquin and imazethapyr in conventional tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in no-tillage. However, under limited rainfall, weed control in no-tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in conventional tillage. Reductions in soybean heights due to herbicide treatment were evident in both tillage systems in 1985 and 1986 but not in. Soybean yields were reduced in 1985 from imazaquin at 140, 210, and 250 g/ha and imazethapyr at 105 and 140 g/ha. Yields were not reduced in 1986 and. Imazaquin and imazethapyr appear to provide adequate control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail in conventional and no-till systems.

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Weed seedbank response to crop rotation and tillage in semiarid agroecosystems

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500090676 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

J. Dorado ◽

J. P. Del Monte ◽

C. López-Fando

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Mouse Ear ◽

Tillage System ◽

Number Of Seeds

In a semiarid Mediterranean site in central Spain, field experiments were conducted on a Calcic Haploxeralf (noncalcic brown soil), which had been managed with three crop rotations and two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) since 1987. The crop rotations consisted of barley→vetch, barley→sunflower, and a barley monoculture. The study took place in two growing seasons (1992–1994) to assess the effects of management practices on the weed seedbank. During this period, spring weed control was not carried out in winter crops. In the no-tillage system, there was a significant increase in the number of seeds of different weed species: anacyclus, common purslane, corn poppy, knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, spring whitlowgrass, tumble pigweed, venus-comb, andVeronica triphyllos.Conversely, the presence of prostrate knotweed and wild radish was highest in plots under conventional tillage. These results suggest large differences in the weed seedbank as a consequence of different soil conditions among tillage systems, but also the necessity of spring weed control when a no-tillage system is used. With regard to crop rotations, the number of seeds of knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, and spring whitlowgrass was greater in the plots under the barley→vetch rotation. Common lambsquarters dominated in the plots under the barley→sunflower rotation, whereas venus-comb was the most frequent weed in the barley monoculture. Larger and more diverse weed populations developed in the barley→vetch rotation rather than in the barley→sunflower rotation or the barley monoculture.

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Gaseous and leaching nitrogen losses from no-tillage and conventional tillage systems following surface application of cattle manure

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/j.still.2007.12.005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 187-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

M.S. Mkhabela ◽

A. Madani ◽

R. Gordon ◽

D. Burton ◽

D. Cudmore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conventional Tillage ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Nitrogen Losses ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Surface Application

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Determinants of annual fluxes of CO2 and N2O in long-term no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in northern France

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/j.still.2006.12.002 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 95 (1-2) ◽

pp. 133-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

Katrien Oorts ◽

Roel Merckx ◽

Eric Gréhan ◽

Jérôme Labreuche ◽

Bernard Nicolardot

Keyword(s):

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Northern France

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Measurements of Soil Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Two Maize Agroecosystems at Harvest under Different Tillage Conditions

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/141345 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gerosa Giacomo ◽

Finco Angelo ◽

Boschetti Fabio ◽

Brenna Stefano ◽

Marzuoli Riccardo

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

The Other ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Carbon Dioxide ◽

Po Valley ◽

Field Management ◽

Management Cycle

In this study a comparison of the soil CO2fluxes emitted from two maize (Zea maysL.) fields with the same soil type was performed. Each field was treated with a different tillage technique: conventional tillage (30 cm depth ploughing) and no-tillage. Measurements were performed in the Po Valley (Italy) from September to October 2012, covering both pre- and postharvesting conditions, by means of two identical systems based on automatic static soil chambers. Main results show that no-tillage technique caused higher CO2emissions than conventional tillage (on average 2.78 and 0.79 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, resp.). This result is likely due to decomposition of the organic litter left on the ground of the no-tillage site and thus to an increased microbial and invertebrate respiration. On the other hand, fuel consumption of conventional tillage technique is greater than no-tillage consumptions. For these reasons this result cannot be taken as general. More investigations are needed to take into account all the emissions related to the field management cycle.

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Stand Establishment of Fluid-drilled Tomato in Rye and Wheat Tillage Systems

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.12.1475 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 1475-1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D.T. Drost ◽

H.C. Price

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Planting Date ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Stand Establishment ◽

Germinated Seeds

Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in conventional tillage (CT), rye (Secale cereale L.) mulch no tillage (RNT), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mulch no tillage (WNT). Either germinated seeds (GS) or raw seeds (RS) were fluid drilled on several dates in 1981 and 1982. Tomato stands in no tillage (NT) generally were equal to or higher than in CT, and stands improved with later plantings in each year. Plant stands were unaffected by GS and RS. Time to 50% emergence (T50) was up to 4 days less in NT than in CT and 2 to 3 days less from GS than RS. Yields with CT were twice as high as those with NT for early planting dates. Yields decreased in CT with successive planting dates to levels equal to NT plantings. Use of GS increased fruit yields as compared to RS, regardless of the planting date.

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