Conservational Tillage and Cultivar Influence on Peanut Production1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Wright ◽  
D. M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Total Meat ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The influence of conservational tillage and cultivar on pod yield, crop value, and market grade factors was evaluated as a means to increase the production efficiency of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Two conservational tillage systems, in-row and band tillage, and one conventional tillage system were compared over a 4-yr period using the cultivars Florigiant, NC 6, and VA 81B. For all three cultivars, pod yields averaged 15% less and crop values averaged 21% less under the conservational tillage systems as compared to the conventional tillage system. The cultivar NC 6 performed slightly better than Florigiant and VA 81B. The percentage of extra large kernels for NC 6 was significantly higher than for the other two cultivars. There were no significant differences in the percentage of sound mature kernels and total meat content between the three cultivars. Tillage systems did not have a consistent effect on grade factors over the 4-yr period.

scholarly journals Digging Date and Conservational Tillage Influence on Peanut Production1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Wright ◽  
D. M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Total Meat

Abstract The influence of conservational tillage and date of digging on pod yield, crop value, and grade factors were evaluated as a means to increase the production efficiency of peanuts. Two conservational tillage systems, in-row and band tillage, and one conventional tillage system were compared over 3 yr. The Florigiant cultivar was planted in immature wheat killed with glyphosate (Roundup) or clean tilled soil. Peanuts were dug 8 to 11 d before and after the medium (normal) digging date of 141 DAP. Pod yields averaged 19% less and crop values averaged 25% less for the conservational tillage systems as compared to the conventional tillage system. Digging 8 to 11 d early reduced yield 15% and value 21%; whereas, digging 8 to 9 d late reduced yield 6% and value 5% as compared to the medium digging date. The early digging date significantly decreased the grade factors of extra-large kernels (ELK), sound mature kernels (SMK), and total meat content (TM). Tillage systems did not have a consistent effect on grade factors over the 3-yr period. Results from this study indicate that yield and value for the Florigiant cultivar were significantly less under conservational tillage as compared to conventional tillage.

scholarly journals Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
João Ito Bergonci ◽  
Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽  
Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

Weed seedbank response to crop rotation and tillage in semiarid agroecosystems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dorado ◽  
J. P. Del Monte ◽  
C. López-Fando
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a semiarid Mediterranean site in central Spain, field experiments were conducted on a Calcic Haploxeralf (noncalcic brown soil), which had been managed with three crop rotations and two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) since 1987. The crop rotations consisted of barley→vetch, barley→sunflower, and a barley monoculture. The study took place in two growing seasons (1992–1994) to assess the effects of management practices on the weed seedbank. During this period, spring weed control was not carried out in winter crops. In the no-tillage system, there was a significant increase in the number of seeds of different weed species: anacyclus, common purslane, corn poppy, knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, spring whitlowgrass, tumble pigweed, venus-comb, andVeronica triphyllos.Conversely, the presence of prostrate knotweed and wild radish was highest in plots under conventional tillage. These results suggest large differences in the weed seedbank as a consequence of different soil conditions among tillage systems, but also the necessity of spring weed control when a no-tillage system is used. With regard to crop rotations, the number of seeds of knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, and spring whitlowgrass was greater in the plots under the barley→vetch rotation. Common lambsquarters dominated in the plots under the barley→sunflower rotation, whereas venus-comb was the most frequent weed in the barley monoculture. Larger and more diverse weed populations developed in the barley→vetch rotation rather than in the barley→sunflower rotation or the barley monoculture.

EFFECT OF REDUCED TILLAGE AND MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON MAIZE AND SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KIHARA ◽  
A. BATIONO ◽  
B. WASWA ◽  
J. M. KIMETU ◽  
B. VANLAUWE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Continuous Maize

SUMMARYReduced tillage is said to be one of the potential ways to reverse land degradation and ultimately increase the productivity of degrading soils of Africa. We hypothesised that crop yield following a modest application of 2 t ha−1 of crop residue in a reduced tillage system is similar to the yield obtained from a conventional tillage system, and that incorporation of legumes in a cropping system leads to greater economic benefits as opposed to a cropping system involving continuous maize. Three cropping systems (continuous maize monocropping, legume/maize intercropping and rotation) under different tillage and residue management systems were tested in sub-humid western Kenya over 10 seasons. While soybean performed equally well in both tillage systems throughout, maize yield was lower in reduced than conventional tillage during the first five seasons but no significant differences were observed after season 6. Likewise, with crop residue application, yields in conventional and reduced tillage systems are comparable after season 6. Nitrogen and phosphorus increased yield by up to 100% compared with control. Gross margins were not significantly different among the cropping systems being only 6 to 39% more in the legume–cereal systems relative to similar treatments in continuous cereal monocropping system. After 10 seasons of reduced tillage production, the economic benefits for our cropping systems are still not attractive for a switch from the conventional to reduced tillage.

scholarly journals GROUNDNUT GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES TO CALCIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-693
Author(s):  
Razan Malla ◽  
◽  
Saraswoti Kandel ◽  
Bisheswar Prasasd Yadav ◽  
Santosh Rasaily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Production Quantity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

An experiment was conducted in factorial design with three replications in Nawalpur, Sarlahi, Nepal in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the impact of calcium and phosphorous application on yield and yield components of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Baidehi variety of groundnut was used. Calcium concentrations in three levels (0, 110, and 165 kg ha-1 from Gypsum) and phosphorous rates in three levels (0, 25, and 50 kg ha-1 from SSP) were used in this study. The application of calcium had a major impact on pod production, quantity of filled pods, and hundred seed weight, with 165 kg ha-1 calcium from gypsum performing significantly better than the others. The highest pod yield (2006 and 2477 kg ha-1) was obtained from calcium 165 kg ha-1 in 2018 and 2019 respectively. Calcium application (165 kg ha-1) increased the mean pod yield by 24% compared to the control. Control plots resulted in more than 13% empty pods (pops) compared to when applied with 165 kg Ca ha-1. Phosphorus was rich in the inherent soil leading to no significant effect on the yield components. According to the findings of this research, efficient fertilizer application, especially calcium and phosphorus, is critical for groundnut nutrition and pod filling.

scholarly journals Peanut Cultivar Response to Tillage Systems1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Colvin ◽  
B. J. Brecke
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Red Bay

Abstract Field experiments were conducted during 1984 and 1985 at Williston, Florida on a Zuber loamy sand (fine, mixed hyperthermic Ultic Hapludalfs) and at Jay, Florida in 1985 on a Red Bay sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Rhodic Paleudults) to investigate the effects of conventional and minimum tillage on the grade and yield of eight peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. Cultivars studied included: 1) three runner-type peanuts - Florunner. Sunrunner, and GK-7, 2) four virginia-type peanuts - Early Bunch, Florigiant, GK-3, and NC-7, and 3) one spanish-type peanut - Valencia C. Conventional plots were established using a moldboard plow with repeated diskings to provide a smooth even seedbed. Minimum-tillage plots were established using a modified Brown-Harden Ro-Till®. Tillage did not affect peanut yield, and cultivars generally did not differ in response to tillage systems. There appears to be no immediate need for peanut cultivar performance testing in different tillage systems. However, in 1984 at Williston Florunner and Sunrunner yielded 20% and 12% better, respectively, in conventional tillage conditions than in minimum-tillage, whereas in 1985 Early Bunch yielded 17% less in tilled systems compared to minimum-tillage systems. This response may be related to slight plant density differences, harvestability problems or genotypic differences. Results indicate that yield and quality of peanuts, based on the data collected from the cultivars utilized in this study would be equal under conventional or minimum-tillage production.

Effect of tillage system and crop sequence on irrigated sugarbeet production

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
J. Nitschelm ◽  
P. Regitnig ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) are grown on intensively tilled-irrigated land in southern Alberta, which is subject to soil erosion by wind. Experiments were conducted on commercial fields near Burdett, AB, to determine the effect of the tillage system and previous crops on sugarbeet production. The previous crops were dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and the tillage systems were conventional (moldboard plow, vibrashank cultivator, harrow, packer), minimum (double disc, self-cleaning harrow, glyphosate) or no tillage (glyphosate). After dry beans, sugarbeet fresh weight and extractable sugar yields were similar with all tillage systems. All of the tillage systems left less than 100 g m-2 of plant residue on the soil surface in the spring following dry beans, which is insufficient to protect the soil from wind erosion. After wheat, sugarbeet yields were similar with minimum and conventional tillage but lower with no tillage. Both minimum and no-tillage systems left sufficient plant residue on the soil surface to protect the soil from erosion (> 200 g m-2). Sugarbeet stand density following wheat was lower with no tillage than conventional or minimum tillage, reflecting poor seed placement and daily maximum soil temperature (5 cm depth) of up to 10°C lower under no tillage than conventional tillage. After wheat, there was a trend toward lower densities of hard-seeded annuals, such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), after no tillage than conventional tillage. Of the cropping systems tested in this study, only the minimum tillage system after wheat provided optimum sugarbeet yield and left enough plant residue to protect the soil from wind erosion. Key words: Crop rotation, bean, wheat, sugarbeet, no-tillage

Cattle manure as a nutrient source for barley and oilseed crops in zero and conventional tillage systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Stevenson ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
S. A. Brandt ◽  
L. Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System

Manure application should be equally effective in meeting crop nutrient requirements in zero and conventional tillage systems in order to be sustainable in a semi-arid region. A study was conducted from 1993 to 1996 at Scott and Melfort, Saskatchewan, to determine if feedlot cattle manure and inorganic N fertilizer were equally effective as nutrient sources for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), canola (Brassica rapa L.) and flax (Linum usitatissumum L.) production, and soil N dynamics, in zero and conventional tillage systems. Inorganic fertilizer was compared with a factorial combination of two manure treatments: manure composition (fresh versus stockpiled), and application rate and frequency (annual versus once every four years). Barley and oilseed yields at Scott did not differ between fertilizer and manure treatments, whether manure was applied annually or once every 4 yr. At Melfort, the site with the highest yield potential, grain yields were 24% lower with manure. This yield reduction could be related to soil N availability; net N mineralization was 37 kg ha−1 lower in plots that received manure rather than inorganic fertilizer. Yield responses to the different types of manure and inorganic fertilizer were similar under zero-till and conventional tillage management. Low levels of N volatilization from the manure, and similar levels of net N mineralization, explained why crop responses to nutrient source did not differ with tillage system. Feedlot cattle manure can be applied as a nutrient source when surface applied in a zero-till system without significant yield reductions compared with soil incorporation in a conventional tillage system. Key words: Cattle manure, tillage, zero-till, barley, canola, flax

scholarly journals Diversity and habitat preferences of Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in two agroecosystems

Bragantia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Carlos Fernandes Martins ◽  
Francisco Jorge Cividanes ◽  
Sergio Ide ◽  
Gianni Queiroz Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Crop System

The present study had as objective determine the diversity and abundance of adults Carabidae and Staphylinidae in two areas, constituted by forest fragment and soybean/corn crops under conventional tillage and no-tillage systems and to analyze the distribution and preference of those beetles for the habitat. The beetles were sampled with 48 pitfall traps. In both experimental areas, two parallel transects of pitfall traps were installed. Each transect had 100 m in the crop and 100 m in the forest fragment. Four traps were close to each other (1 m) in the edge between the crop and the forest fragment, the other traps were installed each 10 m. The obtained data were submitted to the faunistic analysis and the preference of the species by habitat was obtained by cluster analysis. The results demonstrated that the type of crop system (conventional tillage or no-tillage) might have influenced the diversity of species of Carabidae and Staphylinidae. The cluster analysis evidenced that the carabids may prefer a specific habitat. In the present study, the distribution of carabids and staphylinids in the three habitats showed that these beetles have potential to be dispersed at great distances inside the crop.

Impact of Agronomic Practices on Weed Communities: Fallow Within Tillage Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Derksen ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas ◽  
Guy P. Lafond ◽  
Heather A. Loeppky ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Tillage System

Continuous-cropping conservation tillage systems may provide a viable alternative to the practice of summer fallow; however, concerns have been raised regarding potentially negative changes in weed communities in continuous cropping. Field experiments were established in Saskatchewan at three locations to determine the nature of weed community differences between a crop sequence with and without fallow in zero-, minimum-, and conventional-tillage systems from 1986 to 1990. Weed communities in continuous-cropping treatments tended to have greater total densities and were more similar in composition than crop-fallow treatments. Inclusion or exclusion of fallow within the rotation had a greater impact on weed community composition than did tillage system at Ituna and Waldron, but the reverse was true at Tadmore due to poor crop growth in all tillage systems. Differences in weed community composition were generally characterized by fluctuational changes in species associations. Volunteers of summer-annual crops, such as canola, flax, and barley, were associated with continuous cropping, but other species including perennial weeds, such as Canada thistle, perennial sowthistle, and quackgrass, were not strongly associated with the presence or absence of fallow. The practice of fallowing land to manage weeds may not be necessary.

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