scholarly journals Revision and systematic placement of Prospalaea Aldrich (Diptera, Tachinidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Shigueo Nihei
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Single Type ◽  
The Caribbean

Revision and systematic placement of Prospalaea Aldrich (Diptera, Tachinidae). In the present study, the genotype and single species Prospalaea insularis (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891) is redescribed and the male terminalia fully illustrated. The species is known only from a single type specimen collected from the Caribbean subregion, which was examined for this study. A new systematic placement is proposed, with the genus being transferred from the Exoristini to Eryciini, both tribes of Exoristinae.

scholarly journals Origins, History and Molecular Characterization of Creole Cane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyfed Lloyd Evans ◽  
Shailesh Vinay Joshi
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Sequences ◽  
Sugarcane Hybrids

AbstractSince it was first introduced to Europe in 711 CE and planted in the Americas in 1506, a single type of cane dominated sugar production for 1100 years, until it was finally ousted by Tahitian cane c. 1790. This cane became known as ‘CreoleâĂŹ and is present in the ancestry of many sugarcane hybrids, even today. Whether there was only a single variety of Creole cane or multiple varieties has been a matter of debate for decades. Creole cane remains relevant today, as a Creole cane from Jamaica is the currently chosen lecotype for Saccharum officinarum. In this study we identify 18 historical images of Creole cane, many not previously published. We employ image analyses to characterize the internodes and demonstrate evidence for only a single type of Creole in the new world. Chloroplasts and 45s ribosomal RNA sequences from the cultivar BH10/12 (known to have a Creole female parent) were determined that Java ribbon cane is the historical New World sugarcane known as Creole. We demonstrate that Creole cane is an hybrid and not a single species. Thus S. officinarum has no type specimen. We also sequence a ribbon cane (also known as Guinguam) that appeared in the Caribbean between 1790 and 1810 and demonstrate that this cane was a Sinense type from Java that links back to the work of Rumphinus (1660s).

The type specimen of Aphodius corallifer W. Koshantschikov (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
A.V. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
Zoological Institute ◽  
Single Type

Aphodius (Aphodius) corallifer W. Koshantschikov is known from a single type deposited at Zoological Institute, St.Petersburg. The specimen shares characters of A. calichromus and A. elegans and is possibly a hybrid.

On the identity of Sternosternus grouvellei Guillebeau, 1894 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae, Phalacridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4237 (3) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
MARTIN FIKÁČEK ◽  
MATTHEW L. GIMMEL
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cetonia Aurata

The genus Sternosternus Guillebeau, 1894 was described as an aberrant taxon of the family Phalacridae from Sumatra, based on the unique morphology of its meso- and metaventrite resembling those of Cetonia aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (Guillebeau 1894). It contained the single species, S. grouvellei Guillebeau, 1894, known from a single specimen. The identity of Sternosternus was long unclear, and nothing was published on the genus until Gimmel (2013) studied the type specimen and recognized it actually belonged to the family Hydrophilidae, likely being a member of the genus Dactylosternum Wollaston, 1854. 

scholarly journals A further contribution to the knowledge of Pectiniunguis minutus (Demange, 1968), a little known dwarf schendylid centipede from western equatorial Africa (Chilopoda: geophilomorpha)

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (20) ◽  
pp. 307-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Equatorial Africa

The geophilomorph centipede Pectiniunguis minutus (Demange, 1968), a little known dwarf schendylid from Gabon (Western equatorial Africa), is redescribed and illustrated based on the type material and an additional non-type specimen preserved in the collections of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. P. minutus can be easily differentiated from all the other species currently assigned to the genus Pectiniunguis, by the very low number of leg-bearing segments (35 in the males, 37 or 39 in the females) and very small body size (12-16 mm in length). P. minutus is also distinguished by having ventral pore-fields on the anterior region of the body only, this character being shared by a single species of the genus, i.e., P. ascendens Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1994, from the Neotropics (Brazil: State of Amazonas) with which a morphological comparison is given. Comments about other dwarf centipede species belonging to several families of the order Geophilomorpha, are also added.

Redescription of the ichnospecies Antipus flexiloquus Hitchcock, from the Early Jurassic of the Connecticut Valley

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter P. Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
Thin Slab ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Minor Revision ◽  
Amherst College ◽  
Connecticut Valley

Many ichnological taxa named by Edward Hitchcock have never been adequately described and illustrated. Among these is the ichnogenus Antipus Hitchcock (1858, p. 115) with two species: A. flexiloquus based on specimens AC (=Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts) 35/25 and AC 41/52 (designated the type specimen by Lull 1904, p. 536); and A. bifidus based on specimens AC 23/3, AC 17/2, and AC 23/2 (designated the type specimen by Hitchcock 1865, p. 56). Lull (1904, p. 536) regarded A. bifidus as “… extremely doubtful…” and did not consider it in later publications (e.g., Lull 1915, 1953). The impressions ascribed to A. bifidus might be organic in origin, but if they are trackways, they are totally unlike the tracks of A. flexiloquus. Antipus bifidus is here regarded a nomen dubium because it is undiagnostic. Referred specimen AC 35/25, a small, thin slab of micaceous shale (approximately 87 mm by 96 mm, less than 2 mm thick) that is not mentioned by Lull (1904, 1915, 1953), has one manus and possibly one pes track of such poor quality that analytic comparison to the type of A. flexiloquus is impossible. Therefore, the ichnogenus Antipus has a single species, A. flexiloquus, known only from the type specimen, AC 41/52. Two of the eleven tracks on AC 41/52 have been illustrated (Hitchcock 1858, plate 20, fig. 10; republished with minor revision by Lull 1915, fig. 117; these two tracks are here designated M2 and P4). These simple outline sketches do not accurately portray details of the tracks, and the full trackway pattern was not illustrated.

scholarly journals Spintharus flavidus in the Caribbean – a 30 million year biogeographical history and radiation of a ‘widespread species’

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Dziki ◽  
Greta Binford ◽  
Jonathan A Coddington ◽  
Ingi Agnarsson
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Island Endemics ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

The Caribbean island biota is characterized by high levels of endemism, the result of an interplay between colonization opportunities on islands and effective oceanic barriers among them. A relatively small percentage of the biota is represented by ‘widespread species’, presumably taxa for which oceanic barriers are ineffective. Few studies have explored in detail the genetic structure of widespread Caribbean taxa. The cobweb spider Spintharus flavidus Hentz, 1850 (Theridiidae) is one of two described Spintharus species and is unique in being widely distributed from northern N. America to Brazil and throughout the Caribbean. As a taxonomic hypothesis, Spintharus “flavidus” predicts maintenance of gene flow among Caribbean islands, a prediction that seems contradicted by known S. flavidus biology, which suggests limited dispersal ability. As part of an extensive survey of Caribbean arachnids (project CarBio), we conducted the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of S. flavidus with the primary goal of testing the ‘widespread species’ hypothesis. Our results, while limited to three molecular loci, reject the hypothesis of a single widespread species. Instead this lineage seems to represent a radiation with at least 16 species in the Caribbean region. Nearly all are short range endemics with several distinct mainland groups and others being single island endemics. While limited taxon sampling, with a single specimen from S. America, constrains what we can infer about the biogeographical history of the lineage, clear patterns still emerge. Consistent with limited overwater dispersal, we find evidence for a single colonization of the Caribbean about 30 million years ago, coinciding with the timing of the GAARLandia landbridge hypothesis. In sum, S. “flavidus” is not a single species capable of frequent overwater dispersal, but rather a 30 my old radiation of single island endemics that provides preliminary support for a complex and contested geological hypothesis.

scholarly journals Reappraisal of Immotthia in Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales: Introducing Immotthia bambusae sp. nov. and Pseudocyclothyriella clematidis comb. et gen. nov. Based on Morphology and Phylogeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Bo Jiang ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Samantha C. Karunarathna ◽  
Chayanard Phukhamsakda ◽  
Mingkwan Doilom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

Immotthia is a poorly known genus, and currently, no DNA sequence data are available to ascertain its proper phylogenetic placement and evolutionary relationships with other bitunicate fungi. To date, there are only two species accepted in the genus. During our ongoing research study of bambusicolous fungi in southwest China and Thailand, a fungus associated with stromata of Hypoxylon sp. was found on dead bamboo culms in Loei Province, Thailand. Preliminary morphological identification revealed that the fungal collection belongs to Immotthia. A novel species, Immotthia bambusae, is introduced herein based on a comparison of morphological characteristics with the type specimen of I. hypoxylon (≡ Amphisphaeria hypoxylon Ellis and Everh.), a synonym of I. atrograna (Cooke and Ellis) M. E. Barr. Phylogenetic analyses of a concatenated ITS, LSU, SSU, and TEF1-α DNA sequence matrix showed that Immotthia belongs to Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales. Despite I. bambusae strains constituting a supported subclade, they are nested with the genus Pseudocoleophoma. Pseudocoleophoma clematidis is morphologically different from all other Pseudocoleophoma species, while its conidial characteristics are similar to Cyclothyriella. Multigene phylogenetic analyses showed that P. clematidis formed a clade basal to Immotthia, separated from Pseudocoleophoma with strong statistical support. Therefore, we introduce a monotypic genus, Pseudocyclothyriella Phukhams. and Phookamsak, gen. nov. to accommodate the single species, Pseudocyclothyriella clematidis (Phukhams. and K. D. Hyde) Phukhams. and Phookamsak, comb. nov. Detailed descriptions, color micrographs, and phylogenetic trees to show the placement of the new taxa are provided. In addition, an updated taxonomic treatment of the genera Immotthia and Pseudocyclothyriella is also provided based on the study of the type materials and phylogeny generated from DNA sequence data.

scholarly journals One or two species? A morphometric comparison between robust australopithecines from Kromdraai and Swartkrans

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Cofran ◽  
J. Francis Thackeray
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
A New Species

The type specimen of Paranthropus robustus (TM 1517, including a partial cranium) was discovered at Kromdraai near Sterkfontein in 1938 and described by Robert Broom as a new species. Subsequently, more robust australopithecines were discovered at the nearby site of Swartkrans. These Swartkrans hominins were described by Broom as Paranthropus crassidens. Many palaeoanthropologists currently regard the robust australopithecines from Kromdraai and Swartkrans as one species, but consensus has not been reached on this issue. A morphometric analysis has been undertaken to assess the probability that specimens attributed to P. crassidens represent the same species as that which is represented by TM 1517, the holotype of P. robustus. Our results failed to reject the null hypothesis that both sites sample the same, single species of robust australopithecine.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria Associated with Coral Black Band Disease in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific Reefs

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2409-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Frias-Lopez ◽  
George T. Bonheyo ◽  
Qusheng Jin ◽  
Bruce W. Fouke
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Bacterial Mats ◽  
Black Band ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Phormidium Corallyticum

ABSTRACT For 30 years it has been assumed that a single species of cyanobacteria, Phormidium corallyticum, is the volumetrically dominant component of all cases of black band disease (BBD) in coral. Cyanobacterium-specific 16S rRNA gene primers and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were used to determine the phylogenetic diversity of these BBD cyanobacteria on coral reefs in the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific Seas. These analyses indicate that the cyanobacteria that inhabit BBD bacterial mats collected from the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific Seas belong to at least three different taxa, despite the fact that the corals in each case exhibit similar signs and patterns of BBD mat development.

Cryptothecia aleurodes (Arthoniaceae), a misunderstood species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 449 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
LUCA BORGATO ◽  
DAMIEN ERTZ
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Gyrophoric Acid

Cryptothecia aleurodes was considered to be a widespread, rare tropical lichen having white ascigerous areas and a crustose whitish-grey thallus containing norstictic acid. A revision of its type specimen from Guadeloupe and the study of recent specimens from Martinique proved that the species has been misunderstood. In this paper, Cryptothecia aleurodes is shown to have a K– and C+ red thallus containing notably gyrophoric acid as major secondary metabolite but lacking norstictic acid. A detailed description and illustrations are provided. The species is known with certainty only from the Caribbean and has probably a Neotropical distribution. Previous reports of C. aleurodes from the Seychelles and Thailand are shown to be misidentifications and reports from India are considered dubious.

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