scholarly journals Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Marques de Oliveira Soeiro ◽  
Angélica Espinosa Miranda ◽  
Valeria Saraceni ◽  
Noaldo Oliveira de Lucena ◽  
Sinésio Talhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Mother To Child

INTRODUCTION: Reduction in the vertical transmission of HIV is possible when prophylactic measures are implemented. Our objective was to determine demographic characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant women and the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted using notification, and investigating data from the Notifiable Diseases Data System in the Brazilian State of Amazonas, between 2007 and 2009. RESULTS: During the study period, notification was received of 509 HIV-positive pregnant women. The vertical transmission was 9.9% (95% CI: 7.2-12.6%). The mean age of women was 27 years (SD: 5.7), and the majority (54.8%) had not completed elementary school (eighth grade). Diagnosis of HIV seropositivity was made prior to pregnancy in 115 (22.6%) women, during prenatal care in 302 (59.3%), during delivery in 70 (13.8%), and following delivery in 22 (4.3%). Four hundred four of these women (79.4%) had had prenatal care, with 79.4% of patients receiving antiretroviral during pregnancy and 61.9% of the newborn infants receiving prophylaxis. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, living in urban area [OR = 0.7 (95% CI: 0.35-0.89)] and having had prenatal care [OR = 0.1 (95% CI: 0.04-0.24)] remained as protective factors against vertical HIV transmission in this population. CONCLUSIONS: The relevance of adequate compliance with the measures already established as being effective in guaranteeing a reduction in HIV transmission within the maternal and infant population should be emphasized.

scholarly journals Female perspectives of male partners’ inclusion in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in KwaZulu-Natal

Curationis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mondli Miya ◽  
Tennyson Mgutshini
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: The South African government intervened by implementing the prevention of mother–to-child transmission programme (PMTCT) to curb the HIV transmission from mother to child during and after pregnancy. The PMTCT programme has been at the forefront of global prevention efforts since 1998. Without treatment, the risk of transmission ranges from one in five to one in two newborns; however, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced to as low as 2%–5% with evidenced interventions. Sub-Saharan Africa, and most particularly South Africa, is the most affected by the pandemic despite having the largest financial investment in PMTCT services across the continent.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to describe and explore the female perspectives of male inclusion in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in KwaZulu-Natal.Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive, explorative study was conducted through in-depth individual interview of pregnant women until data saturation.Results: The findings of the study revealed that the existing design of public hospitals was not wholly conducive to facilitating male inclusion in maternal and child health services. Resources were largely insufficient to support the participation of pregnant mothers and any attempts to support the inclusion of males needed to be based on a clear increase in service provision.Conclusion: The study recommended male partners’ inclusion in the prevention of mother- to-child HIV transmission to support effective management of HIV in pregnancy and PMTCT programmes. The inclusion of men will provide the holistic support needed by pregnant women on PMTCT programmes.

scholarly journals HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission and drug resistance among Brazilian pregnant women with high access to diagnosis and prophylactic measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Correia Alcântara ◽  
Janaína Bacelar Accioli Lins ◽  
Maly Albuquerque ◽  
Letícia Mara Aires ◽  
Ludimila Paula Vaz Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Mother-to-child transmission of different HIV-1 subtypes among ARV Naïve infected pregnant women in Nigeria

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Odaibo ◽  
D.O. Olaleye ◽  
L. Heyndrickx ◽  
K. Vereecken ◽  
K. Houwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1

The rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV as well as the implications of the circulating multiple subtypes to MTCT in Nigeria are not known. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the differential rates of MTCT of HIV-1 subtypes detected among infected pregnant women before ARV intervention therapy became available in Nigeria. Twenty of the HIV-positive women who signed the informed consent form during pregnancy brought their babies for follow-up testing at age 18-24 months. Plasma samples from both mother and baby were tested for HIV antibody at the Department of Virology, UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria. All positive samples (plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PBMCs) were shipped to the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, where the subtype of the infecting virus was determined using the HMA technique. Overall, a mother-to-child HIV transmission rate of 45% was found in this cohort. Specifically, 36.4%, 66.7% and 100% of the women infected with HIV-1 CRF02 (IbNg), G and B, respectively, transmitted the virus to their babies. As far as it can be ascertained, this is the first report on the rate of MTCT of HIV in Nigeria. The findings reported in this paper will form a useful reference for assessment of currently available therapeutic intervention of MTCT in the country.

scholarly journals Programme recommendations for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: A practical guide for managers

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

UNAIDS estimates that 800,000 children were infected with HIV in 2001, almost all through transmission of the virus from their mothers during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Of these, seven of each eight live in sub-Saharan Africa and most of the rest live in South and Southeast Asia. To combat mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT), in 1999 the UNAIDS Secretariat, UNFPA, UNICEF, and WHO launched the Inter Agency Task Team on Prevention of HIV Transmission in Pregnant Women, Mothers, and Their Children (IATT), which provides guidance for prevention of MTCT (PMTCT). In the view of the IATT, PMTCT is part of broader strategies to prevent the transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases, to care for HIV-positive women and their families, and to promote maternal-child health. The IATT has proposed a four-pronged approach for the prevention of HIV transmission to pregnant women, mothers, and their children, yet significant financial and technical challenges remain. To address these challenges, UNICEF has supported 11 pilot projects in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This HIV/AIDS working paper provides guidance for improving and scaling up PMTCT programs, based on what program managers and evaluators identify as successful strategies.

scholarly journals Monitoring Prevention Impact of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Concentrated Epidemics With Program and Survey Data (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thuy Van Nguyen ◽  
Keith Sabin ◽  
Thi Quynh Trang Ho ◽  
Ai Kim Anh Le ◽  
Chika Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mother To Child

BACKGROUND The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV program was introduced in Vietnam in 2005. Despite the scaling up of PMTCT programs, the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Vietnam was estimated as high as 20% in 2013. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of PMTCT and identified factors associated with mother-to-child transmission and infant survival using survey and program data in a high HIV burden province in Vietnam. METHODS This community-based retrospective cohort study observed pregnant women diagnosed with HIV infection in Thai Nguyen province from October 2008 to December 2012. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and through reviews of log books and medical charts in antenatal care and HIV clinics. Logistic regression and survival analysis were used to analyze data using Stata (StataCorp). RESULTS A total of 172 pregnant women living with HIV were identified between 2008 and 2012. Most of these women had acquired the HIV infection from their husband (77/119, 64.7%). Significant improvement in the PMTCT program was documented, including reduction in late diagnosis of HIV for pregnant women from 62.5% in 2008 to 30% in 2012. Access to antiretrovirals (ARVs) improved, increasing from a rate of 18.2% (2008) to 70.0% (2011) for mothers and from 36.4% (2008) to 93.3% (2012) for infants. For infants, early diagnosis within 2 months of birth reached 66.7% in 2012 compared with 16.7% in 2009. Transmission rate reduced from 27.3% in 2008 to 6.7% in 2012. Late diagnosis was associated with increased risk for HIV transmission (odds ratio [OR] 14.7, 95% CI 1.8-121.4, P=.01), whereas ARV therapy for mother and infant in combination with infant formula feeding were associated with reduced risk for HIV transmission (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.001-0.1; P<.001). Overall survival rate for HIV-exposed infants at 12 months was 97.7%. CONCLUSIONS A combination of program and survey data measured the impact of prevention of HIV transmission from mother-to-child interventions. Significant improvement in access to the interventions was documented in Thai Nguyen province. However, factors that increased the risk of HIV transmission, such as late diagnosis, remain to be addressed.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Pregnant Women’s have Nothihg in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Examination in Public Health Centers of Makassar in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T2) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Bety Anisa Wulandari ◽  
Arifin Seweng ◽  
M. Muhammad Arif Tiro ◽  
Anwar Mallongi ◽  
Muliati Muliati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Mother To Child

BACKGROUND: Prevention of mother-to-child Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission or prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is part of efforts to control HIV-Acquired Deficiency Syndrome and sexually transmitted infections. In Indonesia, there were 1,805,993 pregnant women who were tested for HIV and there were 5074 (0.28%) pregnant women who were HIV positive. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence pregnant women not to conduct a PMTCT examination in Makassar City in 2019. METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was 260 pregnant women in the working area of the Sudiang Raya Health Center and Antang Perumnas Makassar City. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS: The results showed that education affected pregnant women who did not conduct PMTCT examination with p = 0.013 (p <0.05) with odds ratio = 4.571 and there were some variables that were not significant such as age variable with p = 0.700 (p> 0.05), knowledge p = 0.621 (p > 0.05), perceived susceptibility p = 0.467 (p > 0.05), and perceived severity p = 1000 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that education affects pregnant women who do not conduct PMTCT examinations and for age, knowledge, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity do not affect pregnant women who do not conduct PMTCT examinations in Makassar City.

Community Based HIV Screening in Pregnant Women and Provision of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Care in Rural Zambia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Shilalukey Ngoma ◽  
Tepa Nkumbula ◽  
Wilbroad Mutale ◽  
Chabala Chishala ◽  
Reuben Mbewe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rural Zambia ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Does facility readiness promote high-quality of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling to pregnant women? A national survey for improving policy of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deogratius Bintabara ◽  
Athanase Lilungulu ◽  
Shakilu Jumanne ◽  
Mzee M. Nassoro ◽  
Bonaventura C. Mpondo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counseling ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Facility Readiness ◽  
Testing And Counseling

Abstract Background Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) is a recommended approach to screen for HIV to all pregnant women during antenatal care (ANC) visits, and all with HIV positive results have to be enrolled into prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program. However, little is known about the relationship between facility readiness and the uptake of PITC to pregnant women attending ANC in Tanzania. Therefore, this study assessed whether the facility readiness promotes the uptake of PITC to the pregnant women attending ANC for the purpose of improving the PMTCT interventions in Tanzania. Methods This study analyzed data for health facilities obtained from the 2014–2015 Tanzania service provision assessment survey. The Primary outcome measure was a composite variable (with score of 0–5) in which its higher scores indicates provision of high-quality of PITC. Also, facilities scored higher in the PMTCT service readiness index were considered to have high readiness to provide PMTCT services. In Poisson regression analyses, a series of models were fitted to assess whether there is an association between provision of high-quality of PITC and facility readiness. In all statistical analysis, a P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 1853 included first-visit ANC consultations, only about one-third of pregnant women received all five components required for PITC. The mean percentage of PMTCT readiness score was moderate 63.96 [61.32–66.59]%. In adjusted model, we found that facility with high readiness to provide PMTCT services was significantly associated with the provision of high-quality of PITC (model 2: [β = 0.075, P = 0.00]). Conclusion In order to increase high-quality of PITC services, efforts should be made to improve the PMTCT facility readiness by increasing availability of trained staffs, diagnostic tools, and ARTs among health facilities in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Involvement of Male Partners of Pregnant Women in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Haiti: A Mixed-Methods Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798832110060
Author(s):  
Patrice Ngangue ◽  
Middle Fleurantin ◽  
Rheda Adekpedjou ◽  
Leonel Philibert ◽  
Marie-Pierre Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mother To Child

This mixed-methods study aimed to determine the level of male involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Haiti and identify barriers and associated factors. From May to June 2018, a questionnaire was used to measure the level of male involvement. Semistructured interviews with pregnant women were also conducted. Multivariate linear regression and qualitative content analyses were performed to explore factors associated and barriers to male partners’ involvement in PMTCT services. One hundred and two pregnant women living with HIV completed the questionnaire. About 47% of male partners had a high level of involvement. Specifically, 90% financially supported their spouse, and 82% knew her appointment date at the antenatal clinic (ANC). Only 25% of male partners accompanied their spouse to the ANC, and 19% routinely used a condom during sexual intercourse. Factors associated with male involvement in PMTCT were being married and sharing HIV status with the male partner. Male partners with a positive HIV status were more likely to be involved in PMTCT. Qualitative findings revealed that barriers to male involvement included the conflict between opening hours of the ANC and the male partner’s schedule, waiting time at the ANC, and the perception of antenatal care as being women’s business. Overall male partners’ involvement in PMTCT services is moderate. Gender relations, sociocultural beliefs, and care organization are likely to hinder this involvement. Developing and implementing contextually and culturally accepted strategies for male partners of pregnant women could contribute to strengthening their involvement in the PMTCT program.

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