scholarly journals Molecular characterization of clinical multiresistant isolates of Acinetobacter sp. from hospitals in Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Einsfeld Ferreira ◽  
Desirée Padilha Marchetti ◽  
Gabriela Rosa da Cunha ◽  
Lyvia Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Daiane Bopp Fuentefria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
One Year

INTRODUCTION: Hospitals around the world have presented multiresistant Acinetobacter sp. outbreaks. The spread of these isolates that harbor an increasing variety of resistance genes makes the treatment of these infections and their control within the hospital environment more difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and dissemination of Acinetobacter sp. multiresistant isolates and to identify acquired resistance genes. METHODS: We analyzed 274 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter sp. from five hospitals in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. We evaluated the susceptibility to antimicrobial, acquired resistance genes from Ambler's classes B and D, and performed molecular typing of the isolates using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique. RESULTS: A high (68%) percentage of multiresistant isolates of Acinetobacter sp. was observed, and 69% were resistant to carbapenems. We identified 84% of isolates belonging to species A. baumannii because they presented the gene blaOXA-51. The gene blaOXA-23 was detected in 62% of the isolates, and among these, 98% were resistant to carbapenems. Using the ERIC-PCR technique, we identified clones of Acinetobacter sp. spread among the four hospitals analyzed during the sampling period. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate the dissemination of Acinetobacter sp. isolates among hospitals and their permanence in the hospital after one year.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Non-β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance-Associated Genes in ESBL Producing Enterobacterales Isolates

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Pottathil Shinu ◽  
Rajesh Bareja ◽  
Anroop B. Nair ◽  
Vashishth Mishra ◽  
Snawar Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
North India ◽  
Gene Profile ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genetic Context

Genetic context of extended spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales and its association with plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AME) and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance is little known from North India. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the frequency of Non-β-Lactam antibiotic resistance associated genes in extended spectrum β-Lactamase producing Enterobacterales. For this study, Non-Duplicate phenotypically confirmed ESBL producing Enterobacterales isolates (N = 186) were analyzed for ESBLs, PMQRs, AMEs and TMP-SMX resistance genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR detected presence of PMQR genes in 81.29% (N = 139) of ESBL isolates (N = 171), AME genes in 60.82% and TMP-SMX resistance genes in 63.74% of the isolates. Molecular characterization of ESBL producing Enterobacterales showed 84.79% blaTEM followed by 73.68% blaCTX-M, 43.86% blaSHV, 19.88% blaPER and 9.94% blaVEB, respectively. Analysis of PMQR genes revealed 77.7% aac(6′)-lb-cr the most commonly detected gene followed by 67.63% oqxB, 62.59% oqxA, 43.17% qnrB, 19.42% qnrD, 18.7% qnrS, 9.35% qnrA, 3.6% qepA and 2.88% qnrC, respectively. Analysis of AMEs gene profile demonstrated 81.73% aac(6′)-Ib, the most frequently encountered gene followed by 46.15% aph(3′)-Ia, 44.23% ant(3”)-Ia, respectively. A 100% prevalence of sul1, followed by dfrA (54.63%) and sul2 (15.74%) was observed. In summary, prevalence of ESBL-Producing genes (particularly blaTEM and blaCTX-M) along with PMQR, AMEs, and TMP-SMX resistant genes may potentially aid in the transfer of antimicrobial resistance among these strains.

scholarly journals Multidrug resistance genes, including blaKPC and blaCTX-M-2, among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Recife, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane Borges Cabral ◽  
Rita de Cássia de Andrade Melo ◽  
Maria Amélia Vieira Maciel ◽  
Ana Catarina Souza Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
General Care

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of cephalosporins and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains is rising in Brazil, with potential serious consequences in terms of patients' outcomes and general care. METHODS: This study characterized 24 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from two hospitals in Recife, Brazil, through the antimicrobial susceptibility profile, analyses of β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV,blaCTX-MblaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaSPM), plasmidial profile and ERIC-PCR (Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction). RESULTS: ERIC-PCR and plasmidial analysis grouped the isolates in 17 and 19 patterns, respectively. Six isolates from one hospital presented the same pattern by ERIC-PCR, indicating clonal dissemination. All isolates presented blaSHV, 62.5% presented blaCTX-M-2, 29% blaTEM, and 41.7% blaKPC. Metallo-β-lactamase genes blaand blawere not detected. Eleven isolates were identified carrying at least 3 β-lactamase studied genes, and 2 isolates carried blaSHVblaTEM, blaCTX-M-2 and blaKPC simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of resistance genes in some strains, observed in this study, imposes limitations in the therapeutic options available for the treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae in Recife, Brazil. These results should alert the Brazilian medical authorities to establish rigorous methods for more efficiently control the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in the hospital environment.

scholarly journals Characterization of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli isolates

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Mário de Carvalho Nunes ◽  
Maria Júlia Corazza ◽  
Silvana Aparecida Crestes Dias de Souza ◽  
Siu Mui Tsai ◽  
Eiko Eurya Kuramae
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Bacterial Plant Pathogen

A simple, quick and easy protocol was standardized for extraction of total DNA of the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. The DNA obtained by this method had high quality and the quantity was enough for the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) reactions with random primers, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with primers of the hypersensitivity and pathogenicity gene (hrp). The DNA obtained was free of contamination by proteins or carbohydrates. The ratio 260nm/380nm of the DNA extracted ranged from 1.7 to 1.8. The hrp gene cluster is required by bacterial plant pathogen to produce symptoms on susceptible hosts and hypersensitive reaction on resistant hosts. This gene has been found in different bacteria as well as in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (9). The primers RST21 and RST22 (9) were used to amplify the hrp gene of nine different isolates of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli from Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, and one isolate, "Davis". PCR amplified products were obtained in all isolates pathogenic to beans.

Characterization of Giardia duodenalis by polymerase-chain-reaction fingerprinting

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieger L. Homan ◽  
Margriet Gilsing ◽  
Hafida Bentala ◽  
Louis Limper ◽  
Frans van Knapen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Rhodococcus equi Infections in Goats: Characterization of Virulence Plasmids

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren W. Stranahan ◽  
Quinci D. Plumlee ◽  
Sara D. Lawhon ◽  
Noah D. Cohen ◽  
Laura K. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Caseous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disseminated Infection ◽  
Virulence Plasmids ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Rhodococcus equi is an uncommon cause of systemic pyogranulomatous infections in goats with macroscopic similarities to caseous lymphadenitis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Caprine cases have previously been reported to be caused by avirulent R. equi strains. Six cases of R. equi infection in goats yielding 8 R. equi isolates were identified from 2000 to 2017. Lesions varied from bronchopneumonia, vertebral and humeral osteomyelitis, and subcutaneous abscesses, to disseminated infection involving the lungs, lymph nodes, and multiple visceral organs. Isolates of R. equi from infected goats were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for R. equi virulence-associated plasmid ( vap) genes. Seven of 8 isolates carried the VapN plasmid, originally characterized in bovine isolates, while 1 isolate lacked virulence plasmids and was classified as avirulent. The VapN plasmid has not been described in isolates cultured from goats.

Kato–Katz thick smears as a DNA source of soil-transmitted helminths

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J.L. Monteiro ◽  
D.A. Calegar ◽  
F.A. Carvalho-Costa ◽  
L.H. Jaeger ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Dna Recovery ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Initial Processing ◽  
Specific Species

AbstractDespite the reduction in the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiases in many regions of the world, morbidity rates remain high in some rural regions. The Kato–Katz technique is a simple, inexpensive and field-applicable tool commonly used for the diagnosis and worm-burden characterization of these infections. Molecular studies have revolutionized our understanding of the epidemiology and evolutionary genetics of parasites. In this study we recovered helminthic DNA from Kato–Katz slides (n = 93) prepared in 2011 in the Brazilian Amazon. We achieved DNA recovery by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 84% of cases for Ascaris sp. and 75% of cases for hookworms. The sequencing confirmed the specific species of the amplicons. The slides stored for a few years could be analysed using this methodology, allowing access to DNA from a large collection of samples. We must consider the Kato–Katz thick smears as a source of helminth DNA. This can significantly reduce logistical difficulties in the field in terms of obtaining, preserving, transporting and initial processing of samples.

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