scholarly journals Comparative cytogenetics in different populations of the cavernicolous diplopod Pseudonannolene strinatii (Diplopoda, Pseudonannolenidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Kleber A. Campos ◽  
Carmem S. Fontanetti
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Different Populations

Different populations of Pseudonannolene strinatii Mauriès, 1974 collected from three caves in Iporanga, state of São Paulo, were cytogenetically compared using techniques of conventional coloration, C-banding and silver nitrate impregnation. Specimens were morphologically similar and small cytogenetic differences were observed between the populations with relation to the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin.

scholarly journals A new species of Urostreptus (Diplopoda, Spirostreptidae): description and chromossome number

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro H. B. Pierozzi ◽  
Carmem S. Fontanetti
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
C Banding ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
A New Species

This work presents the description and chromosome number of Urostreptus atrobrunneus sp. nov. The genus until now had not been registered yet in the São Paulo State, Brazil. The meiotic analysis showed that the species presents 2n=24, XY. The C-banding revealed large blocks of constitutive heterochromatin and two heteromorphic chromosomal pairs, one of them corresponding to the sexual pair.

scholarly journals Factors affecting vitamin D status in different populations in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: the São PAulo vitamin D Evaluation Study (SPADES)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Setsuo Maeda ◽  
Gabriela Luporini Saraiva ◽  
Ilda Sizue Kunii ◽  
Lilian Fukusima Hayashi ◽  
Maysa Seabra Cendoroglo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The City

Comparative Cytogenetics of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Agassiz, 1829) (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) Species Complex from Different Brazilian Hydrographic Basins

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana F. Martinez ◽  
Roberto L. Lui ◽  
Josiane B. Traldi ◽  
Daniel R. Blanco ◽  
Orlando Moreira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Telomeric Sequence ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Araguaia River ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Hoplerythrinus Unitaeniatus

Chromosomal characteristics of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus populations from 5 Brazilian river basins, namely Arinos (Amazonas basin), Araguaia, Paraguai, Alto Paraná, and São Francisco were analyzed by conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding, silver nitrate impregnation, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S and 5S rDNA and telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n probes. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 48 in representatives of the populations from Paraguai and Alto Paraná River basins and 2n = 52 for those from the Arinos and Araguaia River basins. The São Francisco population had individuals with 2n = 50 and 52 occurring in sympatry. C-banding showed heterochromatic blocks mainly located at interstitial and pericentromeric positions in most of the chromosomes. Silver nitrate impregnation demonstrated simple NORs for representatives from Arinos and Araguaia River populations and multiple NORs for specimens from Paraguai, Alto Paraná, and São Francisco River populations. FISH with 18S and 5S rDNA probes revealed many chromosomes carrying these cistrons, with up to 21 chromosomes bearing 18S rDNA sites (Alto Rio Paraná basin) and up to 12 chromosomes with 5S rDNA sites (Paraguai basin), besides the occurrence of colocalization in all populations. FISH with telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n detected sites in the terminal portion of the chromosomes in all populations. These data reinforce the idea that H. unitaeniatus is a species complex. Evolutionary and biogeographical aspects of the group in the Neotropical region are discussed.

Identification of the somatic chromosomes of Psathyrostachys fragilis (Poaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Linde-Laursen ◽  
R. von Bothmer
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Feulgen Staining ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
C And N

The karyotype of the outbreeding P. fragilis (2n = 2x = 14) was investigated by Feulgen staining and by C-, N-, and Ag-banding techniques. The complement consisted of 14 large chromosomes, 8 metacentrics and 6 satellite (SAT) chromosomes, probably among the longest within the Poaceae. Two SAT-chromosome pairs carried small, and one pair carried minute, polymorphic, completely heterochromatic satellites. Each chromosome could be referred to one of the seven chromosome pairs by its C-banding pattern. The patterns comprised from zero to three conspicuous, but not large bands per chromosome resulting in an overall low content of constitutive heterochromatin (<4%). The C-banded karyotype of P. fragilis differed from any previously reported in the Triticeae. Six of seven chromosome pairs were polymorphic either for C-banding patterns or satellite size (or for both). N-banding gave no differential staining of chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining established that the nucleolar organizers had different nucleolus-forming capacities. The presence of the small and minute satellites was more consistently demonstrated after C- and N-banding than after Feulgen staining.Key words: Triticeae, Poaceae, karyotype, C-, N-, and Ag-banding.

scholarly journals Study of oligoclonal bands restricted to the cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis patients in the city of São Paulo

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Diniz da Gama ◽  
Luís dos Ramos Machado ◽  
José Antonio Livramento ◽  
Hélio Rodrigues Gomes ◽  
Tarso Adoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Control Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
The City

The frequency of oligoclonal bands (OCB) restricted to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) varies widely in different populations. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of these OCB in a group of MS patients in the city of São Paulo. Techniques used to detect OCB consisted of isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting. Oligoclonal bands were found in 49 (54.4%) out of 90 patients with clinically definite MS; in (31.2%) of the 16 patients with clinically isolated syndrome; in 7 (17.9%) of 39 patients with inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (IDCNS), and in none of the individuals with no neurological condition (control group). The specificity of the method was 100% when compared to the control group and 82.1% when compared to the IDCNS group. These results suggest that the frequency of CSF OCB is much lower in Brazilian MS patients from São Paulo city than that reported in MS series from Caucasian populations.

scholarly journals Hypermethylated Chromosome Regions in Nine Fish Species with Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schmid ◽  
Claus Steinlein ◽  
Cassia F. Yano ◽  
Marcelo B. Cioffi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Chromosome Regions

Sites and amounts of 5-methylcytosine (5-MeC)-rich chromosome regions were detected in the karyotypes of 9 Brazilian species of Characiformes fishes by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal anti-5-MeC antibody. These species, belonging to the genera Leporinus, Triportheus and Hoplias, are characterized by highly differentiated and heteromorphic ZW and XY sex chromosomes. In all species, the hypermethylated regions are confined to constitutive heterochromatin. The number and chromosome locations of hypermethylated heterochromatic regions in the karyotypes are constant and species-specific. Generally, heterochromatic regions that are darkly stained by the C-banding technique are distinctly hypermethylated, but several of the brightly fluorescing hypermethylated regions merely exhibit moderate or faint C-banding. The ZW and XY sex chromosomes of all 9 analyzed species also show species-specific heterochromatin hypermethylation patterns. The analysis of 5-MeC-rich chromosome regions contributes valuable data for comparative cytogenetics of closely related species and highlights the dynamic process of differentiation operating in the repetitive DNA fraction of sex chromosomes.

Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliand atypical enteropathogenicEscherichia colistrains isolated from healthy sheep of different populations in São Paulo, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Vettorato ◽  
A.F.P. de Castro ◽  
M.C. Cergole-Novella ◽  
F.L.L. Camargo ◽  
K. Irino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Different Populations

scholarly journals Sympatric occurrence of two cytotypes of Astyanax scabripinnis (Characiformes, Characidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Luis Maistro ◽  
Claudio Oliveira ◽  
Fausto Foresti
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Robertsonian Translocations ◽  
Fundamental Number ◽  
Astyanax Scabripinnis ◽  
The Difference

Among four specimens of Astyanax scabripinnis sympatrically collected from the Tamanduá stream (State of São Paulo, Brazil), three, named cytotype I, had 2n = 50 chromosomes (6M + 26SM + 4ST + 14A) and a fundamental number (FN) of 86, and one specimen, named cytotype II, had 2n = 48 chromosomes (6M + 28SM + 4ST + 10A) and FN = 86. Besides the difference in diploid number, the cytotypes showed a clear difference in the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin. One NOR-bearing chromosome pair was detected in both cytotypes and one specimen of cytotype I had multiple NORs (tree chromosome pairs). Robertsonian translocations and an increase or loss of heterochromatin are proposed to explain the karyotypic divergence observed. Some aspects related to the chromosome evolution of Astyanax scabripinnis are discussed.

scholarly journals Karyotype, constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Belosacris coccineipes (Acrididae-Leptysminae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Loreto ◽  
Maria José de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining

Several techniques including C-banding, fluorochromes and silver staining were used to obtain information about heterochromatin patterns in the grasshopper B. coccineipes. Conventional staining showed a karyotype with 2n = 23 chromosomes in males and 2n = 24 in females, as well as XO:XX sex determination and acrotelocentric chromosomes. The medium-sized X chromosome was heteropycnotic positive at the beginning of prophase I and negative in metaphase I. C-banding revealed heterochromatic blocks in the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining in this species showed three small bivalents (S9-S11) as nucleolar organizers with NORs located in the pericentromeric regions. CMA3-positive blocks were seen in pericentromeric regions of pairs M6, S9, S10 and S11. Sequential staining with CMA3/AgNO3 revealed homology between the CMA3-positive bands and NORs of the bivalents S9, S10 and S11. The CMA3-positive block of the bivalent M6 could represent a latent secondary NOR. The results obtained permit us to distinguish two categories of the constitutive heterochromatin in B. coccineipes.

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