scholarly journals Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable nitrogen in soils under sugarcane

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mariano ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
José Marcos Leite ◽  
Michele Xavier Vieira Megda ◽  
Rafael Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Mineralizable N

Considering nitrogen mineralization (N) of soil organic matter is a key aspect for the efficient management of N fertilizers in agricultural systems. Long-term aerobic incubation is the standard technique for calibrating the chemical extraction methods used to estimate the potentially mineralizable N in soil. However, the technique is laborious, expensive and time-consuming. In this context, the aims of this study were to determine the amount of soil mineralizable N in the 0-60 cm layer and to evaluate the use of short-term anaerobic incubation instead of long-term aerobic incubation for the estimation of net N mineralization rates in soils under sugarcane. Five soils from areas without previous N fertilization were used in the layers 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. Soil samples were aerobically incubated at 35 ºC for 32 weeks or anaerobically incubated (waterlogged) at 40 ºC for seven days to determine the net soil N mineralization. The sand, silt and clay contents were highly correlated with the indexes used for predicting mineralizable N. The 0-40 cm layer was the best sampling depth for the estimation of soil mineralizable N, while in the 40-60 cm layer net N mineralization was low in both incubation procedures. Anaerobic incubation provided reliable estimates of mineralizable N in the soil that correlated well with the indexes obtained using aerobic incubation. The inclusion of the pre-existing NH4+-N content improved the reliability of the estimate of mineralizable N obtained using anaerobic incubation.

scholarly journals Kinetic approach to evaluate the effects of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine on N mineralization in soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 429-433
Author(s):  
B. Jalili ◽  
F. Nourbakhsh ◽  
M. Ghiasi
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil N Mineralization ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Mineralization Kinetics ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N

It has been demonstrated that azo dyes, the xenobiotics widely use in industries, can pose threats to public health. 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), as a benzidine analogue, is generated from reduction of azo dyes by intestinal or environmental microorganisms. The compound was applied at doses of 0 and 100 mg N/kg into two soils of contrasting textural properties belonging among Haplic Calsisols (Juzdan soil) and Calcaric Cambisols (Shervedan soil) and the effects on N mineralization kinetics were evaluated. Kinetic behavior of N mineralization in either the control or the DAB-treated soils consistently followed first-order models. In the early 7–10 days of the incubation period, net N mineralization was adversely influenced by DAB. After the early 7–10 days of incubation, the accumulation of inorganic N was greater in DAB-treated soils than those of control soils. This finding indicated that the degradation of DAB was started. Potentially mineralizable N in Haplic Calsisols and Calcaric Cambisols were 1.1 and 1.4 times greater than those of controls, respectively. Similarly, initial potential rates of N mineralization in the DAB-treated soils were 1.3 and 1.1 times greater than those of controls, respectively. The potentially mineralizable N and initial potential rates of N mineralization in both soils were significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) increased when soils were treated with DAB. About 95 and 82% of the initial DAB-N were mineralized to inorganic N after 60 days of aerobic incubation, respectively. Overall, DAB can be a potentially toxic xenobiotic for soil N mineralization shortly after application and the rate of its inhibition or stimulation is time-dependent.

scholarly journals Effect of 50 Years of No-Tillage, Stubble Retention, and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Respiration, Easily Extractable Glomalin, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Pramod Jha ◽  
Kuntal M. Hati ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Yash P. Dang ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
No Till

In subtropical regions, we have an incomplete understanding of how long-term tillage, stubble, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management affects soil biological functioning. We examined a subtropical site managed for 50 years using varying tillage (conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)), stubble management (stubble burning (SB) and stubble retention (SR)), and N fertilization (0 (N0), 30 (N30), and 90 (N90) kg ha−1 y−1) to assess their impact on soil microbial respiration, easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EEGRSP), and N mineralization. A significant three-way tillage × stubble × N fertilizer interaction was observed for soil respiration, with NT+SB+N0 treatments generally releasing the highest amounts of CO2 over the incubation period (1135 mg/kg), and NT+SR+N0 treatments releasing the lowest (528 mg/kg). In contrast, a significant stubble × N interaction was observed for both EEGRSP and N mineralization, with the highest concentrations of both EEGRSP (2.66 ± 0.86 g kg−1) and N mineralization (30.7 mg/kg) observed in SR+N90 treatments. Furthermore, N mineralization was also positively correlated with EEGRSP (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), indicating that EEGRSP can potentially be used as an index of soil N availability. Overall, this study has shown that SR and N fertilization have a positive impact on soil biological functioning.

scholarly journals Evaluation of optimal time and parameters for measuring potentially mineralized nitrogen in soil

2008 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Mirjana Kresovic ◽  
Vlado Licina ◽  
Svetlana Antic-Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Our research was done on brown forest soil with long-term experiments and with a system of fertilizing which is in use for 40 years. Experiment variants with an increasing dose of nitrogen fertilizer were chosen for this research. Two experiments have been performed: experiment in pots supplied with ammonium nitrate labeled with a stable isotope 15N (11.8%) and experiment in the field. The aim of the research was to establish which plant and soil parameters group (obtained in the controlled conditions and/or in the field) could be considered as reliable for evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic incubation and of the best time for estimation of potentially mineralized nitrogen in soil. According to the determined correlative dependence, it could be concluded that reliability of aerobic incubation should be estimated in October by plant and soil parameters from field, anaerobic incubation should be estimated in early spring (March) by plant and soil parameters, from controlled conditions (pots) and from field.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: measuring ecosystem nitrogen status – a comparison of proxies

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 5395-5403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Almaraz ◽  
Stephen Porder
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Net Nitrification ◽  
Kendall’S Τ ◽  
Soil Δ15n ◽  
N Status

Abstract. There are many proxies used to measure nitrogen (N) availability in watersheds, but the degree to which they do (or do not) correlate within a watershed has not been systematically addressed. We surveyed the literature for intact forest or grassland watersheds globally, in which several metrics of nitrogen availability have been measured. Our metrics included the following: foliar δ15N, soil δ15N, net nitrification, net N mineralization, and the ratio of dissolved inorganic to organic nitrogen (DIN : DON) in soil solution and streams. We were particularly interested in whether terrestrial and stream based proxies for N availability were correlated where they were measured in the same place. Not surprisingly, the strongest correlation (Kendall's τ) was between net nitrification and N mineralization (τ  =  0.71, p < 0.0001). Net nitrification and N mineralization were each correlated with foliar and soil δ15N (p < 0.05). Foliar and soil δ15N were more tightly correlated in tropical sites (τ  =  0.68, p < 0.0001), than in temperate sites (τ  =  0.23, p  =  0.02). The only significant correlations between terrestrial- and water-based metrics were those of net nitrification (τ  =  0.48, p  =  0.01) and N mineralization (τ  =  0.69, p  =  0.0001) with stream DIN : DON. The relationship between stream DIN : DON with both net nitrification and N mineralization was significant only in temperate, but not tropical regions. To our surprise, we did not find a significant correlation between soil δ15N and stream DIN : DON, despite the fact that both have been used to infer spatially or temporally integrated N status. Given that both soil δ15N and stream DIN : DON are used to infer long-term N status, their lack of correlation in watersheds merits further investigation.

N Mineralization as Affected by Long-Term N Fertilization and Its Relationship with Crop N Uptake

Pedosphere ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Zhi YAN ◽  
De-Jian WANG ◽  
Rui-Juan SUN ◽  
Jing-Hui LIN
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Crop N Uptake

scholarly journals Measuring ecosystem nitrogen status: a comparison of proxies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Almaraz ◽  
Stephen Porder
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Net Nitrification ◽  
Soil Δ15n ◽  
Foliar Δ15n ◽  
N Status

Abstract. There are many proxies used to measure nitrogen (N) availability in watersheds, but the degree to which they do (or do not correlate) within a watershed has not been systematically addressed. We surveyed the literature for intact forest or grassland watersheds in which several metrics of nitrogen availability have been measured. Our metrics included: foliar δ15N, soil δ15N, net nitrification, net N mineralization, and the ratio of dissolved inorganic to organic nitrogen (DIN : DON) in soil solution and streams. Not surprisingly, the strongest correlation (Kendall's tau) was between net nitrification and N mineralization (τ = 0.61, p < 0.0001). Net nitrification was correlated with foliar and soil δ15N (p < 0.05), while net N mineralization was correlated with soil δ15N but not foliar δ15N. Foliar and soil δ15N were correlated across tropical sites (τ = 0.68, p < 0.0001), but not in temperate sites (τ = 0.02, p > 0.05). To our surprise, the only significant correlation we found between terrestrial- and water-based metrics was that of net N mineralization with stream DIN : DON (τ = 0.62, p = 0.004). Given both soil δ15N and stream DIN : DON are used to infer long-term N status, their lack of correlation in watersheds merits further investigation.

Comparison of laboratory methodologies to determine soil nitrogen mineralization from organic residues

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 8038-8048
Author(s):  
María Rosa Yagüe ◽  
Maria Carmen Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N ◽  
Incubation Method

Recycling organic waste for use as fertilizer requires prior knowledge of mineral nitrogen (N) availability for crops. Estimation of soil N release or potentially mineralizable N is an important tool for the design of fertilization strategies that aim to minimize the use of N fertilizer. The aerobic incubation method is considered a standard technique to measure soil potential to mineralize N. In this study, alternative methods of aerobic incubation were evaluated to help overcome its limitations (long time and equipment). In this regard, biological methods (anaerobic incubation at 7 and 14 days) and chemical extraction (hot KCl) procedures were examined. To determine potentially mineralizable N, a silty clay loam soil was fertilized with spent mushroom substrates and anaerobic digestates from different origins (C/N ratio of 4 to 38). Based on the results, chemical extraction emerges as a reliable alternative to the aerobic incubation method, particularly when the C/N ratio of the organic residues ranges from 12 to 15. Moreover, its implementation in routine soil laboratories is straightforward and faster, and it does not require any special equipment.

Nitrogen budget for fertilized carrot cropping systems in a Quebec organic soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Caron ◽  
Guillaume Théroux Rancourt ◽  
Carl Bélec ◽  
Nicolas Tremblay ◽  
Léon-Étienne Parent
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Budget ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N

Caron, J., Rancourt, G. T., Bélec, C., Tremblay, N. and Parent, L.-É. 2014. Nitrogen budget for fertilized carrot cropping systems in a Quebec organic soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 139–148. After reclamation, organic soils tend to shift from net N immobilization to net N mineralization. The N amounts mineralized annually can be sufficient to cover the N needs of the crop, reducing the need for supplemental N fertilization. The objective of this study was to assess N budgets and to infer the apparent N mineralization in fertilized and unfertilized carrot (Daucus carota L.) crops in an organic soil in southwestern Quebec. Five pre-plant N fertilization treatments (0, 25, 50, 75, and a split 25+25 kg N ha−1) were applied over a 3-yr period to non-irrigated carrots. Crop yield and plant and soil N contents were measured. Apparent net N mineralization was an important source of N, averaging 117 kg N ha−1yr−1. Crop yield was not affected by the N fertilization rate, by splitting of the fertilizer application or by the previous year’s crop. Increasing the N fertilizer rate increased the soil nitrate content below the root zone (∼40 cm below the surface), enhancing the risk of nitrate leaching. Thus, because soil N mineralization was sufficient for the carrots’ requirements in this organic soil, supplemental N fertilization was found to be unnecessary and could exacerbate the environmental risk of nitrate leaching.

scholarly journals Duration of Composting of Yard Wastes Affects Both Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Compost and Plant Growth

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1192-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
C. Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total N ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Windrows of municipal yard and landscape waste at three commercial composting sites in California were sampled at ≈3-week intervals through 12 to 15 weeks of composting to observe changes in physiochemical and biological characteristics of importance to horticulture. Initial C, N, P, and K content averaged 30%, 1.3%, 0.20%, and 0.9%, respectively. Carbon concentration declined rapidly through the first 6 to 9 weeks, while N, P, and K remained relatively stable throughout the sampling period. Few viable weed seeds were found in any compost. A high level of phytotoxicity, as measured by a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seed bioassay, was observed at only one site; overall, the degree of phytotoxicity declined with compost age. Short-term net N immobilization (in a 2-week aerobic incubation) was observed in nearly all samples, with an overall trend toward decreased immobilization with increased compost age. In a 16-week pot study in which fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) was grown in compost-amended soil, net N mineralization averaged only 2% to 3% of compost total N content. Neither composting site nor duration of composting significantly affected either N mineralization rate or fescue growth. Growth of vinca (Catharanthus roseus Don.) in a blend of 1 compost : 1 perlite increased with increasing compost age. Overall, at least 9 to 12 weeks of composting were required to minimize the undesirable characteristics of immature compost.

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