scholarly journals Duration of Composting of Yard Wastes Affects Both Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Compost and Plant Growth

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1192-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
C. Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total N ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Windrows of municipal yard and landscape waste at three commercial composting sites in California were sampled at ≈3-week intervals through 12 to 15 weeks of composting to observe changes in physiochemical and biological characteristics of importance to horticulture. Initial C, N, P, and K content averaged 30%, 1.3%, 0.20%, and 0.9%, respectively. Carbon concentration declined rapidly through the first 6 to 9 weeks, while N, P, and K remained relatively stable throughout the sampling period. Few viable weed seeds were found in any compost. A high level of phytotoxicity, as measured by a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seed bioassay, was observed at only one site; overall, the degree of phytotoxicity declined with compost age. Short-term net N immobilization (in a 2-week aerobic incubation) was observed in nearly all samples, with an overall trend toward decreased immobilization with increased compost age. In a 16-week pot study in which fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) was grown in compost-amended soil, net N mineralization averaged only 2% to 3% of compost total N content. Neither composting site nor duration of composting significantly affected either N mineralization rate or fescue growth. Growth of vinca (Catharanthus roseus Don.) in a blend of 1 compost : 1 perlite increased with increasing compost age. Overall, at least 9 to 12 weeks of composting were required to minimize the undesirable characteristics of immature compost.

Short-term nitrogen dynamics in soil amended with poultry litter containing woodchip bedding

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben W. Thomas ◽  
Joann K. Whalen ◽  
Mehdi Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply

Concurrent N mineralization and immobilization in soils receiving poultry litter containing woodchip bedding may reduce synchrony between the short-term N supply and crop N demand. Therefore, we used soil chemical tests, ion exchange membranes, and wheat N uptake to assess N dynamics in a poultry-litter-amended soil. Air-dried soil was thoroughly mixed with five poultry litter rates (50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg total N kg−1) and preincubated for 7 d in a controlled environment chamber. After preincubating, soil was placed in 10-cm-diameter pots and planted with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ‘Wilkin’), or left unplanted and monitored with anion and cation exchange membranes for 45 d. Soil nitrate (NO3-N) concentration increased with poultry litter application rate at the end of the preincubation period, but subsequent wheat N uptake did not, suggesting that little net N mineralization occurred during the 45 d of wheat growth. The membrane data indicated a shift from net N immobilization during the early part of the wheat growth period to net mineralization during the latter portion of the wheat growth period. We conclude that alternating N mineralization and immobilization in soils receiving poultry litter containing woodchip bedding limited the short-term N supply to wheat.

scholarly journals Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable nitrogen in soils under sugarcane

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mariano ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
José Marcos Leite ◽  
Michele Xavier Vieira Megda ◽  
Rafael Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Mineralizable N

Considering nitrogen mineralization (N) of soil organic matter is a key aspect for the efficient management of N fertilizers in agricultural systems. Long-term aerobic incubation is the standard technique for calibrating the chemical extraction methods used to estimate the potentially mineralizable N in soil. However, the technique is laborious, expensive and time-consuming. In this context, the aims of this study were to determine the amount of soil mineralizable N in the 0-60 cm layer and to evaluate the use of short-term anaerobic incubation instead of long-term aerobic incubation for the estimation of net N mineralization rates in soils under sugarcane. Five soils from areas without previous N fertilization were used in the layers 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. Soil samples were aerobically incubated at 35 ºC for 32 weeks or anaerobically incubated (waterlogged) at 40 ºC for seven days to determine the net soil N mineralization. The sand, silt and clay contents were highly correlated with the indexes used for predicting mineralizable N. The 0-40 cm layer was the best sampling depth for the estimation of soil mineralizable N, while in the 40-60 cm layer net N mineralization was low in both incubation procedures. Anaerobic incubation provided reliable estimates of mineralizable N in the soil that correlated well with the indexes obtained using aerobic incubation. The inclusion of the pre-existing NH4+-N content improved the reliability of the estimate of mineralizable N obtained using anaerobic incubation.

scholarly journals Impact of the addition of different plant residues on carbon–nitrogen content and nitrogen mineralization–immobilization turnover in a soil incubated under laboratory conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3051-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Abbasi ◽  
M. M. Tahir ◽  
N. Sabir ◽  
M. Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Total N

Abstract. Application of plant residues as soil amendment may represent a valuable recycling strategy that affects on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, soil properties improvement and plant growth promotion. The amount and rate of nutrient release from plant residues depend on their quality characteristics and biochemical composition. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted for 120 days under controlled conditions (25 °C and 58% water filled pore space (WFPS)) to quantify initial biochemical composition and N mineralization of leguminous and non-leguminous plant residues i.e. the roots, shoots and leaves of Glycine max, Trifolium repens, Zea mays, Poplus euramericana, Rubinia pseudoacacia and Elagnus umbellate incorporated into the soil at the rate of 200 mg residue N kg−1 soil. The diverse plant residues showed wide variation in total N, carbon, lignin, polyphenols and C/N ratio with higher polyphenol content in the leaves and higher lignin content in the roots. The shoot of G. max and the shoot and root of T. repens displayed continuous mineralization by releasing a maximum of 109.8, 74.8 and 72.5 mg N kg−1 and representing a 55, 37 and 36% of added N being released from these resources. The roots of G. max and Z. mays and the shoot of Z. mays showed continuous negative values throughout the incubation showing net immobilization. After an initial immobilization, leaves of P. euramericana, R. pseudoacacia and E. umbellate exhibited net mineralization by releasing a maximum of 31.8, 63.1 and 65.1 mg N kg−1, respectively and representing a 16, 32 and 33% of added N being released. Nitrogen mineralization from all the treatments was positively correlated with the initial residue N contents (r = 0.89; p ≤ 0.01), and negatively correlated with lignin content (r = −0.84; p ≤ 0.01), C/N ratio (r = −0.69; p ≤ 0.05), lignin/N ratio (r = −0.68; p ≤ 0.05), polyphenol/N ratio (r = −0.73; p ≤ 0.05) and ligin + polyphenol/N ratio (r = −0.70; p ≤ 0.05) indicating a significant role of residue chemical composition and quality in regulating N transformations and cycling in soil. The present study indicates that incorporation of plant residues strongly modify the mineralization-immobilization turnover (MIT) of soil that can be taken into account to develop synchronization between net N mineralization and crop demand in order to maximize N delivery and minimize N losses.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability and Uptake by Sugarbeet in Years Following a Manure Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrick D. Lentz ◽  
Gary A. Lehrsch
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Low Rate

The use of solid dairy manure for sugarbeet production is problematic because beet yield and quality are sensitive to deficiencies or excesses in soil N, and soil N availability from manure varies substantially depending on the year of application. Experimental treatments included combinations of two manure rates (0.33 and 0.97 Mg total N ha−1) and three application times, and non-manure treatments (control and urea fertilizer). We measured soil net N mineralization and biomass, N uptake, and yields for sprinkler-irrigated sugarbeet. On average, the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 1- and 2-year-old, high-rate manure treatments produced 1.2-fold greater yields, 1.1-fold greater estimated recoverable sugar, and 1.5-fold greater gross margins than that of fertilizer alone. As a group the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 2- and 3-year-old, high-rate-manure treatments produced similar cumulative net N mineralization as urea fertilizer; whereas the 1-year-old, high-rate manure treatment provided nearly 1.5-fold more N than either group. With appropriate manure application rates and attention to residual N and timing of sugarbeet planting, growers can best exploit the N mineralized from manure, while simultaneously maximizing sugar yields and profits.

scholarly journals Nitrogen transformations in the rhizosphere of different tree types in a seasonally flooded soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liu ◽  
S. Fang ◽  
Y. Tian ◽  
Chang SX
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Rhizosphere Effects ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

Plant roots strongly influence C and N availability in the rhizosphere via rhizodeposition and uptake of nutrients. An in situ rhizobox approach was used to compare rhizosphere effects of different tree species and clones on N cycling under seasonally flooded soil. We examined N mineralization and nitrification rates, inorganic N, and microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) in rhizosphere and bulk soils of three poplar clones, alder, and willow plantations in southeast China. Significant differences in soil pH, total N, soil organic C, MBC, MBN, and MBC/MBN were found between bulk and rhizosphere soils except alder. Compared to bulk soil, the net N mineralization and nitrification rates in rhizosphere soil across all tree species and clones increased by 124&ndash;228% and 108&ndash;216%, respectively. However, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>-N was depleted in the rhizosphere soil mainly owing to the root uptake and rhizosphere microbial immobilization. The magnitude of rhizosphere effects on N transformations was considerably different among the tree species studied. Of the tested ones, alder had the greatest rhizosphere effect on N transformation, indicating different capacities of tree species to facilitate N turnover in the rhizosphere.

Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in upland and peatland forest soils in two Canadian Shield catchments

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Devito ◽  
Cherie J Westbrook ◽  
Sherry L Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Net Mineralization

Net mineralization and nitrification in surface forest soils were measured in upland forest stands and valley peatlands using in situ soil incubations at two headwater catchments of Harp Lake, Ontario from July 1995 to October 1996. No difference in either net N mineralization or nitrification was observed between the two adjacent catchments despite differences in catchment N export. Annual rates of net N mineralization in surface 10 cm were higher in forest soils of the deciduous (11.5 ± 3.1 g/m2; mean ± SE) and conifer-mixed (conifer-hardwoods) (13.9 ± 2.3 g/m2) stands than in peatland soils (1.6 ± 0.6 g/m2). Mean annual nitrification rates were higher in deciduous soils (6.6 ± 0.7 g N/m2) than in mixed stands (1.9 ± 0.6 g N/m2) and peatland soils (0.1 ± 0.2 g N/m2). Annual net N mineralization and nitrification were correlated with variations in soil C and N content and moisture associated with different forest stands. Frequent winter incubations indicate that net mineralization and nitrification under snow cover in upland surface soils can contribute as much as 49 and 23% of the annual net production, respectively. The importance of forest vegetation patterns, winter N transformations, and dissolved organic N pools to total N and NO3- cycling and leaching in these catchments is discussed.

scholarly journals A comparative account of the microbial biomass-N and N-mineralization of soils under natural forest, grassland and crop field from dry tropical region, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Singh Jay ◽  
D.P. Singh ◽  
A.K. Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Biomass N

This study investigated microbial biomass-N (MB-N) and N-mineralization in soils of four different vegetation systems including forest (sal), mixed forest, savanna and cropland ecosystems in the Vindhyan region, India. A change was noted in the above region due to physiographic differences and anthropogenic disturbances. Annually the soil moisture (SM) content across the different study sites ranged from 7.5 to 24.3% being maximum in forest sites compared to savanna and cropland sites. The NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, NO <sup>-</sup><sub>3</sub> -N and MB-N concentrations varied from 4.3 to 10.2 &mu;g/g, 1.1 to 5.8 &mu;g/g and 21.3 to 90.2 &mu;g/g dry soil, respectively, with minimum values in the wet and maximum values in the dry season. The trend of seasonal variation in net N-mineralization was similar to that of moisture content but counter to the concentrations of inorganic-N and MB-N. The net N-mineralization rates at different investigated sites ranged from 4.5 to 37.6 &mu;g/g month. Cultivation reduced the N-mineralization and MB-N by 58.5% and 63.5%, respectively. Experiments showed that the percentage contribution of MB-N to total-N was 8.01 to 19.15%. MB-N was positively correlated with the inorganic-N (<i>n</i> = 180,<i>r</i>.80,<i>P</I> < 0.001) but negatively with soil moisture (<i>n</i> = 180, <i>r</i> = 0.79, <i>P</I> < 0.001) and net N-mineralization rates (<i>n</i> = 180, <i>r</i> = 0.92, <i>P</I> < 0.0001). The higher N-mineralization and MB-N in the soil of forest ecosystem was reported compared to savanna and cropland and the order of soil MB-N levels and net N-mineralization followed the sequence: forest (sal) > mixed forest > savanna > cropland.

Plant residue and cropping system effects on N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Broersma ◽  
N. G. Juma ◽  
J. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Total N

Soil samples from differing cropping systems were amended with 15N-labeled plant residues having varying carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios to quantify N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil. For non-amended cropping systems a significantly greater amount of total N was mineralized from the continuous legume (CL) than from the continuous grass (CG), barley/forage (BF) rotations, or continuous barley (CB) cropping systems. The addition of the fababean (Vicia faba L.) plant residue resulted in net N mineralization from most of the cropping systems. After 20 wk, 14.0%, 10.5% and 7.1% of the 15N was mineralized from fababean, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and fescue (Festuca rubra L.) amended residues, respectively, when averaged across cropping systems. Key words: Crop residues, cropping systems, Gray Luvisol, N mineralization, 15N, soil amendments

scholarly journals The effect of long-term CO2 enrichment on carbon and nitrogen content of roots and soil of natural pastureland

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Manal Al-Traboulsi ◽  
Brian Wilsey ◽  
Catherine Potvin
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil N Mineralization ◽  
C And N ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 may change C and N dynamics in pasture ecosystems. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of four years of CO2 enrichment on soil and root composition and soil N transformation in natural pastureland. Plots of open-top growth chambers were continuously injected with ambient CO2 (350 µL L–1) and elevated CO2 (625 µL L–1). Soil cores exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 treatment were incubated and collected each year. Net N-mineralization rates in soil (NH4 +-N plus NO3ˉ–-N), in addition to total C and N content (%) of soil and root tissues were measured. Results revealed that elevated CO2 caused a significant reduction in soil NO3 (P < 0.05), however, no significant CO2 effect was found on total soil C and N content (%). Roots of plants grown under elevated CO2 treatment had higher C/N ratios. Changes in root C/N ratios were driven by changes in root N concentrations as total root N content (%) was significantly reduced by 30% (P < 0.05). Overall, findings suggest that the effects of CO2 enrichment was more noticeable on N content (%) than C content (%) of soil and roots; elevated CO2 significantly affected soil N-mineralization and total N content (%) in roots, however, no substantial change was found in C inputs in CO2-enriched soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document