scholarly journals Soil compaction due to forest harvest operations

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
Sebastião da Fonseca ◽  
Cezar Francisco Araújo Júnior ◽  
Arystides Resende Silva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Forest Harvest ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Class ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Capacity Model ◽  
Preconsolidation Pressure ◽  
Before And After

The objective of this work was to determine, through the use of the bearing capacity model, the traffic effects of the forest harvest operations on the preconsolidation pressure (sigmap), during one cycle of the eucalyptus plantation. The work was conducted using undisturbed soil samples, collected at the surface of the A horizon and in the top of the B horizon of an Udult (PA), Aquox (FX) and Udox (LA) soils. The undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression tests. The soil sampling was done before and after the harvest operations. The operations performed with the Forwarder caused greater soil compaction than the ones done with the Feller Büncher and Harvester. The percentage of soil samples, in the region with additional soil compaction, indicated that the Udult was the soil class more susceptible to soil compaction, followed by the Aquox and Udox. Despite Udult is the more susceptible to soil compaction, the regeneration of the soil structure in this soil class was more efficient than in Aquox. The percentage of soil samples with sigmap values in the region with additional soil compaction in 1996, 1998 and 2004, after harvest operations, indicated a sustainable forest exploration in this period.

scholarly journals Traffic effects on the soil preconsolidation pressure due to eucalyptus harvest operations

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
Fernando Palha Leite ◽  
Edson Lasmar Júnior ◽  
Cezar Francisco Araújo Junior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Structure Degradation ◽  
Preconsolidation Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Wood Transport

One of the limitations for reaching sustainable forest development is related to the traffic of machines and vehicles during harvest operations and wood transport, which may cause soil structure degradation. Seeking a way to analyze this problem, the objective of this study was to determine the traffic effects due to harvest operations and wood transport, on the preconsolidation pressure (sigmap) in a Typic Acrustox cultivated with eucalyptus. This study was conducted using undisturbed soil samples collected at the 0.1-0.125 m depth. Undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression tests. Soil sampling consisted of two stages, before and after the mechanized harvest operations. The traffic effects on the sigmap in the dry season indicated that the soil compaction process was neither evident nor important. However, in the rainy season the traffic effects on the sigmap indicated that the operations performed with Harvester and Forwarder caused greater soil compaction than those with Motorized Saw and Manual, which caused less soil compaction.

scholarly journals Assessment of the soil compaction of two ultisols caused by logging operations

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 2245-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
Sérgio Ricardo Silva ◽  
Nadívio Souza dos Santos ◽  
Cezar Francisco Araujo-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Eucalypt Plantation ◽  
Capacity Model ◽  
Preconsolidation Pressure ◽  
The Impact

The impact of wood loads on bulk density and preconsolidation pressure and of harvester and forwarder traffic on rut depth, bulk density and preconsolidation pressure of two Ultisols were examined in this study. Our objective was to quantify the threshold beyond which significant soil compaction and rutting would occur. This study was carried out in the county of Eunápolis, state of Bahia, Brazil, (16 º 23 ' 17 '' S and 39 º 10 ' 06 '' W; altitude 80 m asl) in two Ultisols (PAd2 and PAd3) with different texture classes, in experimental areas with eucalypt plantation. The study involved measurements at the wood load site and machine driving at specific locations in the forest during logging operations. The treatments consisted of one harvester pass and, 8, 16 and 40 passes of a fully loaded forwarder. Thresholds were established based on the rut depth and percentage of preconsolidation pressure values in the region of additional soil compaction defined in the bearing capacity model. The percentage of soil samples with values of preconsolidation pressure in the region of additional soil compaction indicated a greater susceptibility of PAd3 than of PAd2 to soil compaction. The threshold levels established here based on preconsolidation pressure and rut depth indicated that no more than eight forwarder passes should be allowed in loading operations in order to minimize soil compaction.

scholarly journals Levels of induced pressure and compaction as caused by forest harvesting operations

CERNE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Cristina Caruana Martins ◽  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
Josemar da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Arystides Resende Silva ◽  
Sebastião Machado Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Latosol

This study aimed to determine levels of pressure and compaction induced by forest harvesting operations in a Red Latosol (LV) under planted eucalyptus. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from layers 0-3 and 15-18 cm and then used in a uniaxial compression test. Sampling was done before and after harvesting operations. Equipment being evaluated included: harvester, feller buncher, forwarder, self-loading adapted tractor, standard truck, wide-tire truck and grapple saw. Average pressures induced by the grapple saw were 320 kPa and 272 kPa, causing compaction in 80% and 20% of samples respectively from layers 0-3 cm and 15-18 cm, which indicates substantial degradation of soil structure in areas where timber is processed. In layer 0-3 cm, average pressures induced by the harvester and by the feller buncher were 240 kPa and 263 kPa respectively, while in layer 15-18 cm pressures were 234 kPa and 239 kPa respectively. The feller buncher caused higher soil compaction than the harvester in layer 0-3 cm, yet in layer 15-18 cm they had similar behavior. All timber forwarding equipment led to soil compaction. The wide-tire truck was the forwarding implement promoting the highest rate of compaction, in both residue conditions. Traffic intensity 7 promoted the highest rate of soil compaction.

scholarly journals Soil compaction during harvest operations in five tropical soils with different textures under eucalyptus forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Cristina Caruana Martins ◽  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi ◽  
Ernesto Norio Takahashi ◽  
Diego Tassinari
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Structure Degradation ◽  
Precompression Stress

ABSTRACT Traffic of farm machinery during harvest and logging operations has been identified as the main source of soil structure degradation in forestry activity. Soil susceptibility to compaction and the amount of compaction caused by each forest harvest operation differs according to a number of factors (such as soil strength, soil texture, kind of equipment, traffic intensity, among many others), what requires the adequate assessment of soil compaction under different traffic conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine the susceptibility to compaction of five soil classes with different textures under eucalyptus forests based on their load bearing capacity models; and to determine, from these models and the precompression stresses obtained after harvest operations, the effect of traffic intensity with different equipment in the occurrence of soil compaction. Undisturbed soil samples were collected before and after harvest operations, being then subjected to uniaxial compression tests to determine their precompression stress. The coarse-textured soils were less resistant and endured greater soil compaction. In the clayey LVd2, traffic intensity below four Forwarder passes limited compaction to a third of the samples, whereas in the sandy loam PVd all samples from the 0-3 cm layer were compacted regardless of traffic intensity. The Feller Buncher and the Clambunk presented a high potential to cause soil compaction even with only one or two passes. The use of soil load bearing capacity models and precompression stress determined after harvest and logging operations allowed insight into the soil compaction process in forestry soils.

scholarly journals Traffic soil compaction of an oxisol related to soybean development and yield

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Maria Aparecida Pessoa da Cruz Centurion ◽  
Onã da Silva Freddi ◽  
Eurico Lucas de Sousa Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Excessive traffic on the soil may affect soybean development. This research was carried out to evaluate soybean root development and grain yield under compacted soil, in an Oxisol. The following traffic treatments were used: T0 = no traffic; T1* = 1 passage of a 4 t tractor; and, T1, T2, T4 and T6, respectively for 1, 2, 4 and 6 passages of an 11 t tractor on the same location, each besides the other. After compaction, soybean [Glycine max cv. MG/BR 46 (Conquista)] was cultivated. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with six compaction levels and four replicates (plots of 9.0 m²). Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the layers 0.03-0.06, 0.08-0.11, 0.15-0.18 and 0.22-0.25 m, for physical analyses. Root analyses were performed at layers of 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.15 and 0.20-0.25 m. Soil compaction decreased deep root development and did not affect root amount, but its distribution. Yield decreased at the penetration resistance of 2.33 MPa or higher, and soil bulk density of 1.51 Mg m-3 or higher.

scholarly journals Compaction caused by mechanized operations in a Red- Yellow Latosol cultivated with coffee over time

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Cristina Caruana Martins ◽  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
Maria Luiza de Carvalho Andrade ◽  
Paulo Tácito Gontijo Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Structure Degradation ◽  
Coffee Arabica

The main source of soil structure degradation in coffee plantation is the machinery traffic because these operations may cause soil compaction affecting the crop development. This study aimed to generate the load-bearing capacity models for a Red-Yellow Latosol and to determine through the use of these models the soil susceptibility to compaction of the coffee plantation due to the implantation time and the compaction caused by the machinery traffic on the traffic lines located at the top and bottom of the ground. This study was carried out in the EPAMIG Experimental Farm, located at Três Pontas, MG, in coffee plantations (Coffee arabica L.) with 2, 7, 18 and 33 years of establishment. To obtain the load-bearing capacity models, 12 undisturbed soil samples were randomly collected in the 0-3 cm and 15-18 cm layers in the position between the rows for each establishment time of the coffee plantation. It was also randomly collected 10 undisturbed soil samples for each establishment time of the coffee plantations along the tractor traffic lines located at the top and bottom of the ground. These undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression tests. The use of the load-bearing capacity models allow to identify the soil susceptibility to compaction due to the implementation time of the coffee plantation and the compaction caused by the machinery traffic on the traffic lines located at the top and bottom of the ground. The percentage of compacted soil samples increases with the establishment time in the layer of 15-18 cm.

scholarly journals Comparing effects of tillage treatments performed with animal traction on soil physical properties and soil electrical resistivity: preliminary experimental results

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor García-Tomillo ◽  
Tomás de Figueiredo ◽  
Arlindo Almeida ◽  
João Rodrigues ◽  
Jorge Dafonte Dafonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Compressible Soil ◽  
Tillage Operations ◽  
Soil Electrical Resistivity

AbstractSoil Compaction results from compressive forces applied to compressible soil by machinery wheels, combined with tillage operations. Draft animal‐pulled equipment may also cause soil compaction, but a huge gap exists on experimental data to adequately assess their impacts and, actually, animal traction is an option seen with increasing potential to contribute to sustainable agriculture, especially in mountain areas. This study was conducted to assess the impacts on soil compaction of tillage operations with motor tractor and draft animals. In a farm plot (Vale de Frades, NE Portugal) treatments were applied in sub‐plots (30 m × 3 m), consisting in a two way tillage with tractor (T), a pair of cows (C) and a pair of donkeys (D). Undisturbed soil samples (120) were taken before and after operations for bulk density (BD) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The relative changes in BD observed after tillage in the 0-0.05 m soil depth increased after operations in all treatments. The increase was higher in the tractor sub-plot (15%) than in those where animal traction was used (8%). Before operation Ks class was rapid and fast in all samples, and after operation this value was reduced to 33% in T, whereas it reached 83% in C. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) was useful as a tool to identify the alterations caused by tillage operations on soil physical status. These preliminary results confirm the potential of animal traction as an option for mountain agri‐environments, yet it requires much wider research to soundly ground its assets.

scholarly journals COMPRESSIBLITY AND PENETRABILITY OF LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO DISTRÓFICO (OXISOL) UNDER VARIED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND LAND USES

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eudes Neiva Júnior ◽  
Wellington Willian Rocha ◽  
Bruno Silva Pires ◽  
Múcio Mágno de Melo Farnezi ◽  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Degradation Factor ◽  
Preconsolidation Pressure

Soil compaction is one of the main degradation causes, provoked by inappropriate agricultural practices that override the limitations of the soil physical properties. Preconsolidation pressure and penetration resistance have proved effective as alternative to assess and identify soil compaction. Based on the interpretation of these physico-mechanical parameters, compaction can be prevented with a better adjusted soil management. This study was performed to generate preconsolidation pressure and penetration resistance models for Latososlo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico (Oxisol) under various managements and uses; and evaluate which of these would lead to degradation or degradation susceptibility. The study was carried out in Curvelo, MG. Two managements and one land use were evaluated: no-tillage, sheep grazing and natural forest. Undisturbed soil samples collected from the 0-5 cm layer were subjected to uniaxial compression and penetration resistance tests. Preconsolidation pressure models for forest and no-tillage soils were not statistically different, demonstrating a low degradation potential in no-tillage systems. Preconsolidation pressure was higher in soil under sheep grazing at all water retention tensions and penetration resistance values were higher than under native forest indicating animal trampling as a potential degradation factor. Neither management presented penetration resistance values above 2 MPa at field capacity moisture. Only under sheep grazing the soil penetrability was near 2 MPa at field capacity and values greater than 2 MPa at 0.2 kg kg-1.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation into Compressive Behaviour and Preconsolidation Pressure of Structured Loess at Different Moisture Contents

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yali Xu ◽  
Panpan Guo ◽  
Chengwei Zhu ◽  
Gang Lei ◽  
Kang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Compressive Behaviour ◽  
Preconsolidation Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oedometer Tests

This paper investigates the influence of the structured property of loess on its compressive behaviour and proposes a new method for determining the preconsolidation pressure of structured loess soil. A series of oedometer tests were carried out on undisturbed and remoulded loess samples prepared at various moisture contents. The effects of moisture content on the structured yield stress, the preconsolidation pressure, and the structural strength were also captured. It was found that the influence of the structured property of loess on the compression behaviour is divergent between undisturbed and remoulded loess samples. The discrepancy before and after structural yielding is more remarkable for the undisturbed soil. The Casagrande method realized through the MATLAB program can effectively eliminate human factors and accurately calculate the corresponding preconsolidation pressure for undisturbed soil. The effects of moisture content on the method for determining the preconsolidation pressure considering the structured property of loess were discussed. The determination method can accurately evaluate the loess consolidation state in loess regions. The influencing rules which the moisture content exerts on the structured yield stress, the preconsolidation pressure, and the structural strength all conform to exponential functions. The study is of great significance to correctly differentiating the foundation consolidation states and calculating the ground settlement in loess regions.

Evaluation of Metal Contents in Correlation with Phytosanitary Treatments at Vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293
Author(s):  
Oana Mihai ◽  
Octav Pantea ◽  
Daniela Roxana Popovici ◽  
Catalina Gabriela Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Short Time

The present work aims with the evaluation of copper, manganese and zinc concentrations (mobile forms) from vineyard soil before and after phytosanitary treatment with Curzate Manox and Dithane M-45 compounds, during and after remanence period. Different vineyard soils types were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method was used for measurements of the micronutrients. The soil samples were analyzed after 5 and 21 days after treatment application. Since copper is mainly accumulates in the upper layer following fungicidal sprays application, high levels of copper concentrations are obtained. The soil samples exhibits different behavior in terms of manganese and zinc contents. Manganese and zinc levels are classified as medium in the beginning of the experiment (Mn-M0 and Zn-M0), whereas these levels increased in the soil samples (at moments M1- 5 days and M2- 21 days after treatment). This behavior can be due to the Mancozeb decomposition, knowing that Mancozeb decomposes in the pH range 5-9 and it remains short time into the soil.

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