scholarly journals Corn yield, forage production and quality affected by methods of intercropping corn and Panicum maximum

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de Almeida ◽  
Caio Macret Gomes ◽  
Bruno Cocco Lago ◽  
Silas Maciel de Oliveira ◽  
Clovis Pierozan Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Tiller Density

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate methods of intercropping corn and Panicum spp. forages and their effects on corn yield and forage development. Two experiments with Panicum spp. were conducted, one with 'Tanzania' and other with 'Massai' in the municipality of Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the 2012/2013 growing season. In both experiments, the treatments were: broadcast seeding of Panicum spp. at the same time of corn sowing; corn with Panicum spp. between rows; Panicum spp. sown with fertilizer; Panicum spp. sown between corn rows after corn establishment; broadcast seeding of Panicum spp. after corn establishment; and sole corn sowing. For corn, leaf nitrogen content, ear height, and grain yield were evaluated. For Panicum spp. cultivars, height, dry mass, tiller density, and leaf:stem ratio were evaluated. The intercropping establishment methods used do not affect corn growth, grain yield, and N leaf content. The seeding of both cultivars of Panicum spp. when corn plants had four expanded leaves reduces forage dry mass production and increases the leaf:stem ratio. The Panicum spp. broadcast method, performed after corn was established, does not allow appropriate establishment, with few plants in the area.

scholarly journals Green ear yield and grain yield of maize cultivars in competition with weeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
K.M.B. Silva ◽  
P.I.B. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
J.L.B. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Ground Part

The reduction in herbicide use is one of the greatest interests for modern agriculture and several alternatives are being investigated with this objective, including the adoption of cultivars that suppress weeds. The objective of this study was to verify if maize cultivars develop differently, in competition with weeds, to produce green ears and grain. Randomized complete block design was used, with split-plots and five replications. Cultivars DKB 390, DKB 466, DKB 350, AG 7000, AG 7575 and Master, were evaluated in the plots, without weeding and two weedings (at 22 and 41 days after sowing) in sub plots. Twenty-one species were identified in the experimental area, the most frequent being Gramineae (Poaceae), Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and Convolvulaceae species. There was no difference in the dry biomass above-ground part of the weeds in the plots of the evaluated cultivars. The cultivars behaved similarly in treatments with or without hoeing, except for plant height and ear height evaluations. Without hoeing, plant height increased in cultivar DKB 390, while plant height and ear height decreased in cultivar AG 7575. In the other cultivars, these traits did not change under weed control. The presence of weeds decreased the values of all traits employed to assess green corn yield, with the exception of the total number of green ears and grain yield.

scholarly journals Quantifying Leaf Trait Covariations and Their Relationships with Plant Adaptation Strategies along an Aridity Gradient

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Yanzheng Yang ◽  
Le Kang ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Ning Qi ◽  
Ruonan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Aridity Gradient ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Leaf Economic Spectrum

A trait-based approach is an effective way to quantify plant adaptation strategies in response to changing environments. Single trait variations have been well depicted before; however, multi-trait covariations and their roles in shaping plant adaptation strategies along aridity gradients remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to reveal multi-trait covariation characteristics, their controls and their relevance to plant adaptation strategies. Using eight relevant plant functional traits and multivariate statistical approaches, we found the following: (1) the eight studied traits show evident covariation characteristics and could be grouped into four functional dimensions linked to plant strategies, namely energy balance, resource acquisition, resource investment and water use efficiency; (2) leaf area (LA) together with traits related to the leaf economic spectrum, including leaf nitrogen content per area (Narea), leaf nitrogen per mass (Nmass) and leaf dry mass per area (LMA), covaried along the aridity gradient (represented by the moisture index, MI) and dominated the trait–environmental change axis; (3) together, climate, soil and family can explain 50.4% of trait covariations; thus, vegetation succession along the aridity gradient cannot be neglected in trait covariations. Our findings provide novel perspectives toward a better understanding of plant adaptations to arid conditions and serve as a reference for vegetation restoration and management programs in arid regions.

scholarly journals Planting method, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation for diazotrophic bacteria for Cantaloupe melon plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Fernandes Cardoso Campos ◽  
Alexsander Seleguini ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on plant development, productivity and fruit quality from combinations of planting methods, nitrogen fertilizer applications and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in Cantaloupe melons cultivated in a protected environment. A randomized blocks design was adopted with a 2×2×2 factorial scheme with five replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of planting methods (pre-established seedlings or direct field sowing), inoculation with A. brasilense (with or without) and nitrogen fertilization (with and without). During the vegetative phase, the height, stem diameter, number and length of plant internodes and relative chlorophyll content were evaluated. Fifty-five days after planting, the leaf nitrogen content, leaf area and dry mass were measured. At harvest, the number of days between planting and harvesting was calculated, and the fresh weight, circumference, length, bark and pulp thickness and fruit productivity were evaluated. It was verified that A. brasilense did not affect any of the evaluated characteristics. On the other hand, direct field seed sowing decreased the production time and provided good plant development. However, the size and productivity of the fruits were higher when pre-established seedlings were used, with or without inoculation with A. brasilense, fertilized with nitrogen. It was concluded that the combinations of the different sowing methods, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with A. brasilense affected the development and characteristics of the Cantaloupe melon plants and fruits.

scholarly journals PLANTAS DE COBERTURA SOBRE ATRIBUTOS AGRONÔMICOS DO MILHO NA REGIÃO SUDOESTE DA AMAZÔNIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉIA MARCILANE AKER ◽  
ALEXANDRE MARTINS ABDÃO DOS PASSOS ◽  
ALAERTO LUIZ MARCOLAN ◽  
FLÁVIA CRISTINA DOS SANTOS ◽  
HENRIQUE NERY CIPRIANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
No Till ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Corn Plants

RESUMO – O sistema plantio direto é uma estratégia sustentável de produção que preconiza a manutenção da cobertura vegetal como prática conservacionista do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de plantas de cobertura sobre atributos fisiológicos e agronômicos do milho na região sudoeste da Amazônia. Foram avaliadas 15 estratégias de sucessões de culturas com o milho e a influência sobre o rendimento de biomassa, de grãos, altura de plantas e inserção da espiga, índice de espiga, massa de 100 grãos, teor foliar de nitrogênio e clorofilas total, a e b em plantas de milho. Observou-se efeito das plantas de cobertura sobre o rendimento de grãos, de biomassa fresca e seca, na massa de grãos e nos teores de clorofila. Os efeitos sobre os teores de clorofila foram mais pronunciados na clorofila b e nos estádios fenológicos finais da cultura. O feijão-de-porco promoveu as maiores produtividades de grãos (7.539,3 kg ha-1) e potencial de silagem (16,2 Mg ha-1 de biomassa seca). A adequada escolha das espécies que compõe um sistema de plantio direto é preponderante para o apropriado desempenho agronômico do milho na região sudoeste da Amazônia.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, intensificação ecológica, sustentabilidade, integração lavoura-pecuária, plantio direto.CROPPING SYSTEMS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CORN PLANTS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN AMAZONABSTRACT- A sustainable strategy for agricultural systems is the use of cover crops in no-tillage systems, as a conservationist soil practice. This paper aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of different cover crops on some physiological and agronomic attributes of corn crop in the Southwestern Amazon region. The effects of 15 cover plants on the biomass and grains yield, plant height, ear insertion height, ear index, mass of 100 grains, leaf nitrogen content and a, b and total chlorophyll levels of corn plants were evaluated. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications. Grain yield, fresh and dry biomass yield, mass of 100 grains and chlorophyll content were affected by some cover crops. Jack bean promoted the highest grain yield (7,539.3 kg ha-1) and biomass yield (16.2 Mg ha-1 dry matter) among the options assessed. Cover crops provided different levels of total, a and b chlorophyll levels, on the corn plants. Some cover crops presented the potential to improve the agronomic performance of the succeeding corn crop in the Southwestern Amazon region. The proper agronomic performance of corn in a no-till system depends on the adequate choice of cover plants to compose the system.Keywords: Zea mays, ecological intensification, sustainability, crop-livestock system, no-till.

scholarly journals Spacing, population density and nitrogen fertilization in corn grown in an Oxisoil

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Lana ◽  
Leandro Rampim ◽  
Tatiane Ohland ◽  
Fernando Fávero
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate yield components, leaf nitrogen content and grain yield in corn as affected by row spacing, plant density and nitrogen topdressing. The experiment was conducted with the single-cross hybrid AG 8021, in the municipality of Toledo-PR, in an Oxisoil under no-tillage system, in the crop year 2005/ 2006. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design and treatments in split-split-plots, with four replications. The two row spacings (0.45 and 0.90 m) were allocated in the main plots, the two plant densities (60,000 and 80,000 plants ha-1) were allocated in the subplots and the three nitrogen rates (80, 100, 120 and 140 kg ha-1 N) were allocated in the sub-subplots. Topdress nitrogen was applied using urea as N source. The rise of the plant population from 60,000 to 80,000 plants ha-1 and the application of topdress nitrogen resulted in increased production components. The application of topdress fertilization provided increase in leaf N content and grain yield for the spacings 0.45 m and 0.90 m. Yield was higher in the spacing 0.45 m than 0.90 m. Yield was higher with 60,000 plants than with 80,000 plants at 0.90 m, while at 0.45 m there was no difference in relation to the plant density.

scholarly journals Agronomic Response of Corn (Zea maysL.) Hybrids to Plant Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan D. Fromme ◽  
Todd A. Spivey ◽  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
South Central ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Reproductive Plasticity

Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 under rain-fed conditions in south-central Louisiana, (a) to determine the effects of plant density levels on plant height, ear height, stalk diameter, lodging, corn grain yield, test weight, and photosynthetically active radiation with modern corn hybrids in central Louisiana and (b) to test the hypothesis that the response of grain yield to plant population density would depend on the reproductive plasticity (flex, semiflex, or fixed ear) of the hybrids evaluated. Rainfall was above average while air temperatures were below average during the growing season in both years. Grain yield showed a hybrid response in one of two years (fixed ear greater than semiflex ear) while yields increased as plant populations increased. Test weights were less with the fixed ear hybrid and the effect of plant populations was inconsistent with increased populations resulting in greater test weight in one of two years. Lodging increased as plant populations increased with the fixed ear hybrid resulting in greater lodging in one of two years. There was a hybrid by plant population interaction for ear height and seed weight. The effect of plant populations is an important factor for corn yield; however, yield gains associated with higher plant populations may be dependent on the genetic predisposition of corn hybrids (regardless of the reproductive plasticity) to tolerate various environmental conditions and stresses associated with higher populations.

scholarly journals The response of corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars to row spacing under weed interference condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Gholamreza MOHAMMADI ◽  
Mehdi NOOKANI ◽  
Hamidreza MOHAMMADDOUST ◽  
Danial KAHRIZI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Corn Grain

<p>This study was carried out in order to study the response of corn cultivars to row spacing and weed interference at the Research Farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran in 2011. The experiment was a split block factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors consisted of three corn cultivars ('KSC 704', 'Simon' and 'Maxima') and three plant row spacings (45, 60 and 75 cm) under weeded and un-weeded conditions for all of the growing season. Results indicated that for all three corn cultivars, the highest weed dry mass occurred in the row spacing of 75 cm. Weed interference throughout the growing season reduced corn grain yield by 20 %. This condition also significantly decreased corn yield components except the 100-seed mass. Increasing plant row spacing increased weed density, while decreased corn yield by 16.5 %. Corn cultivars were significantly different in terms of the number of seed per ear and 100-seed mass, as 'KSC 704' and 'Simon' showed the highest values for these yield components, respectively. However, the number of ear per plant and grain yield were not significantly different between the corn cultivars under study.</p>

Response of leaf traits of common plants in alpine meadow to plateau pika disturbance

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Pan Pang ◽  
Zheng Gang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Plateau Pika ◽  
Alpine Meadows ◽  
Disturbance Intensity ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Kobresia Pygmaea

Leaf traits have been proven to reflect the adaptation of individual plants to disturbance environments in a grassland ecosystem. A field survey was conducted to investigate the effects of the disturbance intensity of plateau pika on the leaf traits of a dominant (Kobresia pygmaea) and two common plants (Elymus nutans and Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore) in an alpine meadow. This study indicated that the plateau pika disturbance enables the individuals of three plants to exhibit respective plasticity because the three plants had different leaf indices (LI) as the disturbance intensity increased. K. pygmaea, E. nutans and A. rivularis var. flore-minore had high specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry mass content (LDMC), and leaf nitrogen content (LNC) at relatively low, moderate, and high disturbance intensities of plateau pika, respectively. K. pygmaea, E. nutans and A. rivularis var. flore-minore suffered low nutrient stress at low, moderate and high disturbance intensities due to high N : P at corresponding disturbance intensities. These results indicated that K. pygmaea, E. nutans and A. rivularis var. flore-minore grew well at relatively low, moderate, and high disturbance intensity conditions, respectively, which contributed to the improvement of alpine meadows with a higher proportion of E. nutans at a moderate disturbance intensity or the deterioration of alpine meadows with a higher proportion of A. rivularis var. flore-minore at a high disturbance intensity. Our findings suggest that leaf traits are effective tools to explain how small burrowing herbivore disturbances often lead to the improvement or deterioration of alpine meadows under different disturbance intensities.

scholarly journals Interference of volunteer corn on soybean cultivars growth and yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-648
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cassiane Caratti ◽  
Fabiane Pinto Lamego ◽  
Mario Antonio Bianchi ◽  
Humberto Farias ◽  
Bruno Moncks Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Corn Plants

Spontaneous corn plants in soybean crop are considered weeds because they compete for the same environmental resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competitive ability of soybean cultivars when in coexistence with spontaneous corn plants. A field experiment was conducted in CCGLTEC, Cruz Alta/RS, in 2014/15, in a split-plot design, with the main plot being composed of four different cultivars (CD 2694, BMX 7166, TEC 5718, TEC 6029) and the subplots of interference conditions (without the presence of corn volunteer plants, in the presence of corn until the V3, V6, V9 stages, or for the entire soybean cycle. Leaf area, shoot dry mass, plant height, chlorophyll index, and development stage were determined at 15, 30, and 49 DAE; we also determined apparent biological productivity, apparent harvest index, and components of productivity and grain yield. The cultivars showed losses in leaf area and shoot dry mass when in coexistence with corn (8 plants m-2) in the three periods evaluated. All cultivars showed losses in apparent biological productivity, apparent harvest index, and final grain yield when growing under competition throughout the cycle. Cultivars with a medium/long growth cycle, such as CD 2694 (maturity groups (GM): 6.9) and BMX 7166 (GM: 6.6), show a higher competitive ability up to V9 stage in contrast to cultivars with a short cycle, such as TEC 5718 (GM: 5.9) and TEC 6029 (GM: 5.7).

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