scholarly journals PLANTAS DE COBERTURA SOBRE ATRIBUTOS AGRONÔMICOS DO MILHO NA REGIÃO SUDOESTE DA AMAZÔNIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉIA MARCILANE AKER ◽  
ALEXANDRE MARTINS ABDÃO DOS PASSOS ◽  
ALAERTO LUIZ MARCOLAN ◽  
FLÁVIA CRISTINA DOS SANTOS ◽  
HENRIQUE NERY CIPRIANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
No Till ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Corn Plants

RESUMO – O sistema plantio direto é uma estratégia sustentável de produção que preconiza a manutenção da cobertura vegetal como prática conservacionista do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de plantas de cobertura sobre atributos fisiológicos e agronômicos do milho na região sudoeste da Amazônia. Foram avaliadas 15 estratégias de sucessões de culturas com o milho e a influência sobre o rendimento de biomassa, de grãos, altura de plantas e inserção da espiga, índice de espiga, massa de 100 grãos, teor foliar de nitrogênio e clorofilas total, a e b em plantas de milho. Observou-se efeito das plantas de cobertura sobre o rendimento de grãos, de biomassa fresca e seca, na massa de grãos e nos teores de clorofila. Os efeitos sobre os teores de clorofila foram mais pronunciados na clorofila b e nos estádios fenológicos finais da cultura. O feijão-de-porco promoveu as maiores produtividades de grãos (7.539,3 kg ha-1) e potencial de silagem (16,2 Mg ha-1 de biomassa seca). A adequada escolha das espécies que compõe um sistema de plantio direto é preponderante para o apropriado desempenho agronômico do milho na região sudoeste da Amazônia.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, intensificação ecológica, sustentabilidade, integração lavoura-pecuária, plantio direto.CROPPING SYSTEMS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CORN PLANTS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN AMAZONABSTRACT- A sustainable strategy for agricultural systems is the use of cover crops in no-tillage systems, as a conservationist soil practice. This paper aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of different cover crops on some physiological and agronomic attributes of corn crop in the Southwestern Amazon region. The effects of 15 cover plants on the biomass and grains yield, plant height, ear insertion height, ear index, mass of 100 grains, leaf nitrogen content and a, b and total chlorophyll levels of corn plants were evaluated. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications. Grain yield, fresh and dry biomass yield, mass of 100 grains and chlorophyll content were affected by some cover crops. Jack bean promoted the highest grain yield (7,539.3 kg ha-1) and biomass yield (16.2 Mg ha-1 dry matter) among the options assessed. Cover crops provided different levels of total, a and b chlorophyll levels, on the corn plants. Some cover crops presented the potential to improve the agronomic performance of the succeeding corn crop in the Southwestern Amazon region. The proper agronomic performance of corn in a no-till system depends on the adequate choice of cover plants to compose the system.Keywords: Zea mays, ecological intensification, sustainability, crop-livestock system, no-till.

scholarly journals PLANTAS DE COBERTURA SOBRE ATRIBUTOS AGRONÔMICOS DO MILHO NA REGIÃO SUDOESTE DA AMAZÔNIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
ANDRÉIA MARCILANE AKER ◽  
ALEXANDRE MARTINS ABDÃO DOS PASSOS ◽  
ALAERTO LUIZ MARCOLAN ◽  
FLÁVIA CRISTINA DOS SANTOS ◽  
HENRIQUE NERY CIPRIANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
No Till ◽  
Corn Plants

RESUMO – O sistema plantio direto é uma estratégia sustentável de produção que preconiza a manutenção dacobertura vegetal como prática conservacionista do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de plantas de cobertura sobreatributos fisiológicos e agronômicos do milho na região sudoeste da Amazônia. Foram avaliadas 15 estratégias desucessões de culturas com o milho e a influência sobre o rendimento de biomassa, de grãos, altura de plantas e inserçãoda espiga, índice de espiga, massa de 100 grãos, teor foliar de nitrogênio e clorofilas total, a e b em plantas de milho.Observou-se efeito das plantas de cobertura sobre o rendimento de grãos, de biomassa fresca e seca, na massa de grãose nos teores de clorofila. Os efeitos sobre os teores de clorofila foram mais pronunciados na clorofila b e nos estádiosfenológicos finais da cultura. O feijão-de-porco promoveu as maiores produtividades de grãos (7.539,3 kg ha-1) epotencial de silagem (16,2 Mg ha-1 de biomassa seca). A adequada escolha das espécies que compõe um sistema deplantio direto é preponderante para o apropriado desempenho agronômico do milho na região sudoeste da Amazônia.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, intensificação ecológica, sustentabilidade, integração lavoura-pecuária, plantio direto.CROPPING SYSTEMS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CORN PLANTS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN AMAZONABSTRACT- A sustainable strategy for agricultural systems is the use of cover crops in no-tillage systems, as aconservationist soil practice. This paper aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of different cover crops on somephysiological and agronomic attributes of corn crop in the Southwestern Amazon region. The effects of 15 cover plantson the biomass and grains yield, plant height, ear insertion height, ear index, mass of 100 grains, leaf nitrogen contentand a, b and total chlorophyll levels of corn plants were evaluated. A randomized complete block design was used withfour replications. Grain yield, fresh and dry biomass yield, mass of 100 grains and chlorophyll content were affectedby some cover crops. Jack bean promoted the highest grain yield (7,539.3 kg ha-1) and biomass yield (16.2 Mg ha-1 drymatter) among the options assessed. Cover crops provided different levels of total, a and b chlorophyll levels, on thecorn plants. Some cover crops presented the potential to improve the agronomic performance of the succeeding corncrop in the Southwestern Amazon region. The proper agronomic performance of corn in a no-till system depends onthe adequate choice of cover plants to compose the system.Keywords: Zea mays, ecological intensification, sustainability, crop-livestock system, no-till.

Nitrogen Fertilization and Inoculation of Seeds with Rhizobium tropici on the Agronomic Performance of Common Beans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Darlan Capelesso ◽  
Antonio Carlos Torres da Costa ◽  
José Barbosa Duarte Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
No Till

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilization and inoculation of seeds with Rhizobium tropici on the agronomic performance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Study Design: The experimental design consisted of a randomized block in a 4x2 factorial layout, with 4 replicates, the first factor referring to inoculant doses (0, 50, 100 and 200 mL for each 25 kg of seed), while the second refers to nitrogen fertilization (0 and 40 kg ha of N). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted to the field in a no-till system area, in the southwestern region of Paraná, Brazil. The soil is classified as a Purple Latosol, with a clayey texture. Methodology: The adopted spacing was 0.45 m between rows, and the seeding density used was 12 seeds per furrow meter. The inoculants NITRO 1000 Rhizobium tropici SEMIA 4077 and SEMIA 4088 were applied, varied according to the treatments. The cultivar used was IPR – Tangará. Results: As for grain yield, it was observed that nitrogen fertilization did not contribute to the increase in grain yield, and higher productivity was obtained in the absence of N. This was probably due to the high content of organic matter present in the soil. Conclusion: Nitrogen fertilization at sowing and seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici did not influence the plant population and the 1000-grain mass. In the absence of nitrogen fertilization at sowing, pods with a longer length and higher grain yield were obtained. Inoculation of the seeds with Rhizobium tropici exerts a positive influence on plant height, number of nodes of the main stem, number of pods per plant, and number of beans per pod, the dose recommended by the manufacturer (100 mL) being efficient, with the possibility of applying a dose of 50 mL, to satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Genetic Divergence in Corn (Zea mays) in the Cerrado-Amazon Ecotone

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rafael Marcelino Da Silva ◽  
Weder Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Matheus Rodrigues de Andrade ◽  
Zildiney Dantas Da Silva ◽  
Layanni Ferreira Sodré Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Generalized Distance

The objective of this work is to study the agronomic performance and genetic divergence in corn in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone. The trials were conducted in the 2017/18 harvest at a property in the state of Pará. The experimental design was a randomized block with nine treatments and three replications, where the treatments are represented by nine cultivars of corn. The characteristics to evaluate agronomic performance and genetic divergence were: ear height (cm), plant height (cm), ear length (cm), ear diameter (mm), number of rows, number of grains per row and grain yield (kg ha−1). The cultivars were separated into a multivariate model in five groups using the Tocher optimization method. The cultivar AG 1051 showed the best agronomic performance. The results of genetic divergence were according to the generalized distance of Mahalanobis (D2), with the commences AG 8088 x CATIVERDE and AG 1051 x AL BANDEIRANTE, the most promising for future crosses.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Tolerance to Mulch

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Ryan ◽  
Sandra Wayman ◽  
Christopher J. Pelzer ◽  
Caitlin A. Peterson ◽  
Uriel D. Menalled ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
No Till

Mulch from cover crops can effectively suppress weeds in organic corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) as part of cover crop-based rotational no-till systems, but little is known about the feasibility of using mulch to suppress weeds in organic winter small grain crops. A field experiment was conducted in central NY, USA, to quantify winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling emergence, weed and crop biomass production, and wheat grain yield across a gradient of mulch biomass. Winter wheat seedling density showed an asymptotic relationship with mulch biomass, with no effect at low rates and a gradual decrease from moderate to high rates of mulch. Selective suppression of weed biomass but not wheat biomass was observed, and wheat grain yield was not reduced at the highest level of mulch (9000 kg ha−1). Results indicate that organic winter wheat can be no-till planted in systems that use mulch for weed suppression. Future research should explore wheat tolerance to mulch under different conditions, and the potential of no-till planting wheat directly into rolled-crimped cover crops.

scholarly journals Influence of Dosages of Biofertilizers Composed of Mycorrhizae and Diazotrophs on the Corn Productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Joao Palacios Zambrano ◽  
Vianka Stéfany García García
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Corn Productivity ◽  
The Common

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a crop of world importance, however, one of the problems present during its development is the lack of nutrients or the presence of these in a form not available to the plant. Because of this, the objective of this review article is to gather information on the influence of different dosages of mycorrhiza and diazotroph biofertilizers on the corn crop. A meticulous bibliographic research was carried out, detailing the methods used by various authors; Among the most repetitive and significant factors are the use of mycorrhizae and nitrogen-fixing bacteria plus fertilization with P, the following treatment stands out: 200 gr ha−1 (using mycorrhizae and nitrogen-fixing bacteria); the common response variable of the authors mentioned in methodology was grain yield. The results obtained by the majority of authors show that grain yield improves significantly in the interaction of mycorrhizae and diazotrophs plus chemical fertilization; As a result of the aforementioned treatment, the yield of corn kg ha−1 was increased by 37%, by virtue of these results it is concluded that the most appropriate thing would be to take it into account to apply it on the corn crop. Keywords: Inoculants, Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria, Symbiotic Fungi. Resumen El maíz (Zea mays L.) es un cultivo de importancia mundial, sin embargo, uno de los problemas presentes durante su desarrollo, es la falta de nutrientes o la presencia de estos en forma no disponible para la planta. Debido a esto, el objetivo de este artículo de revisión es recopilar información sobre la influencia de las diferentes dosificaciones de biofertilizantes a base de micorriza y diazótrofos sobre el cultivo de maíz. Se realizó una minuciosa investigación bibliográfica, detallando métodos utilizados por varios autores; entre los factores más reiterativos y significativos están el empleo de micorrizas y bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno más la fertilización con P, sobresaliendo el siguiente tratamiento: 200 gr ha−1 (usando micorrizas y bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno); la variable respuesta en común de los autores mencionados en metodología fue el rendimiento del grano. Los resultados obtenidos por la mayoría de autores muestran que el rendimiento del grano mejora significativamente en la interacción de micorrizas y diazótrofos más la fertilización química; producto del tratamiento mencionado anteriormente, se aumentó un 37% el rendimiento del maíz kg ha−1, en virtud a estos resultados se concluye que lo más adecuado sería tomar en cuenta para aplicarla sobre el cultivo de maíz. Palabras Clave: Inoculantes, bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno, hongos simbiontes.

Cover Crop Management and Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg A. Johnson ◽  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
Zane R. Helsel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
No Till ◽  
Corn Grain

Field experiments were conducted in central Missouri in 1989 and 1990 to evaluate weed control practices in conjunction with cover crops and cover management systems in reduced tillage corn. There was no difference in weed control among soybean stubble, hairy vetch, and rye soil cover when averaged over cover management systems and herbicide treatments. However, mowed hairy vetch and rye covers provided greater weed control in the no-till plots than soybean stubble when no herbicide was used. Differences in weed control among cover management systems were reduced or eliminated when a PRE herbicide was applied. corn population and height were reduced by hairy vetch and rye soil cover. Corn grain yield was reduced in rye plots both years. There was no difference in grain yield between tilled and no-till plots.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance of Corn Cultivars as a Function of Phosphorus Use

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Lucas Carneiro Maciel ◽  
Weder Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Joênes Mucci Peluzio ◽  
Osvaldo José Ferreira Junior ◽  
Adriano Silveira Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Santa Maria

Aims: The research was carried out to evaluate the agronomic performance of corn cultivars in contrasting phosphorus environments in the state of Pará, Brazil. Study Design: The experimental design was randomized blocks with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments were composed of ten cultivars: AG 1051, AG 8088PRO2, BR 206, BRS 3046, PR 27D28, 2B655PW, AL BANDEIRANTE, ANHEMBI, CATIVERDE 02 and ORION Place and Duration of Study: In the 2017/18 crop, two competition trials of corn cultivars were carried out at Sítio Vitória, municipality of Santa Maria das Barreiras, state Pará, Brazil. Methodology: Two competition trials of corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars were carried out under contracting conditions of phosphorus: high P (100 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and low P (50 kg ha-1 of P2O5), using simple superphosphate (18% P2O5) as the source. The agronomic efficiency of phosphorus use was obtained by the difference between grain yield in both levels, divided by the difference between doses. The variables evaluated were: ear height, plant height, ear diameter, number of rows per year, number of grains per rows and grain yield. Results: The mean grain yield of the cultivars ranged from 5,446 kg ha-1 (low P) to 11,486 kg ha-1 (high P), and the means of all cultivars were higher in high P. The means agronomic efficiency ranged from 25.1 kg kg-1 (AL BANDEIRANTE) to 96.6 kg kg-1 (AG 1051). Conclusion: The highest phosphorus dose (100 kg ha-1 of P2O5) resulted in higher values in the variables studied. The cultivars that stood out the most, under high and low phosphorus, were AG 8088PRO2, AG 1051 and BRS 3046, the last two being agronomically efficient.

scholarly journals Corn yield, forage production and quality affected by methods of intercropping corn and Panicum maximum

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de Almeida ◽  
Caio Macret Gomes ◽  
Bruno Cocco Lago ◽  
Silas Maciel de Oliveira ◽  
Clovis Pierozan Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Tiller Density

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate methods of intercropping corn and Panicum spp. forages and their effects on corn yield and forage development. Two experiments with Panicum spp. were conducted, one with 'Tanzania' and other with 'Massai' in the municipality of Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the 2012/2013 growing season. In both experiments, the treatments were: broadcast seeding of Panicum spp. at the same time of corn sowing; corn with Panicum spp. between rows; Panicum spp. sown with fertilizer; Panicum spp. sown between corn rows after corn establishment; broadcast seeding of Panicum spp. after corn establishment; and sole corn sowing. For corn, leaf nitrogen content, ear height, and grain yield were evaluated. For Panicum spp. cultivars, height, dry mass, tiller density, and leaf:stem ratio were evaluated. The intercropping establishment methods used do not affect corn growth, grain yield, and N leaf content. The seeding of both cultivars of Panicum spp. when corn plants had four expanded leaves reduces forage dry mass production and increases the leaf:stem ratio. The Panicum spp. broadcast method, performed after corn was established, does not allow appropriate establishment, with few plants in the area.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of transgenic and isogenic corn hybrids in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul1

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 796-806
Author(s):  
Wesley Souza Prado ◽  
William Leonello Estevão ◽  
Arthur Kenji Mendes Maeda ◽  
André Carlesso ◽  
Manoel Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT Theoretically, isogenic hybrids should not present any differences in their genetic makeup due to recombinant DNA technology. However, these materials may behave differently in relation to adaptability and stability. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic performance of transgenic corn and their isogenic hybrids in two locations in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Three isogenic simple hybrids and two transgenic varieties of each hybrid were evaluated. The first and second corn crop of 2013/14 were simultaneously analyzed in Dourados and Caarapó, two locations in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, totaling four environments x season conditions that were evaluated.. A randomized complete block design with three replicates per location was used, and the treatments were arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design (three genetically modified and three conventional hybrids), with three replicates per site. Characteristics such as plant height, ear height, male flowers, female flowers, and grain yield were evaluated. The parameters adaptability and stability were estimated using the Eberhart and Russell model. In all environments, transgenic hybrids showed higher average grain yield. Considering the environments, AG 7000, a conventional isogenic hybrid, obtained the highest average grain yield. The most stable and productive hybrids were DKB 390 VT PRO and AG 7000 YG, both transgenic. All assessed hybrids exhibited greater average plant height, ear height, and grain yield in Caarapó during the second corn crop, demonstrating that the environment at that site and time was more favorable.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance of Soybean Intercropped With Cover Crops and the Effects of Lime and Gypsum Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Jose Ferreira Junior ◽  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Emerson Borghi ◽  
Elisandra Solange Oliveira Bortolon ◽  
Francelino Peteno de Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Pennisetum Americanum ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Gypsum Application

Soybean is the major crop in the Brazilian Cerrado region. Tocantins state has been increasing soybean production mostly into degraded pasture. However, cover crops such as forages crops are important to implement in regional soybean agricultural systems to increase systems resilience due to climate variability. There is a lack of information regarding to agronomic performance of soybean intercropped with cover crops under no-tillage. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications in factorial 7 × 2. Seven soybean cultivation systems were tested: 1) soybean intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; 2) soybean intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis; 3) soybean intercropped with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça; 4) soybean intercropped with Panicum infestans cv. Massai; 5) soybean intercropped with Pennisetum americanum; 6) soybean followed by Pennisetum americanum; and 7) soybean and fallow. Two soil acidity and amelioration were tested: 1) with lime and gypsum application; 2) without lime and gypsum application. Soybean grain yield, plant height and number of pods per plant were different. Soybean grain yield were higher with lime ad gypsum application. The highest soybean plants height were observed in the treatments where lime and gypsum were applied, and with soybean intercropped with P. maximun and Millet. Soybean number of pods was positively affected P. infestans intercropped with soybean. There was no significant difference among treatments for mass per 100 seeds. Cover crops showed suitable to increase agronomic performance of soybean.

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