scholarly journals The response of corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars to row spacing under weed interference condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Gholamreza MOHAMMADI ◽  
Mehdi NOOKANI ◽  
Hamidreza MOHAMMADDOUST ◽  
Danial KAHRIZI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Corn Grain

<p>This study was carried out in order to study the response of corn cultivars to row spacing and weed interference at the Research Farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran in 2011. The experiment was a split block factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors consisted of three corn cultivars ('KSC 704', 'Simon' and 'Maxima') and three plant row spacings (45, 60 and 75 cm) under weeded and un-weeded conditions for all of the growing season. Results indicated that for all three corn cultivars, the highest weed dry mass occurred in the row spacing of 75 cm. Weed interference throughout the growing season reduced corn grain yield by 20 %. This condition also significantly decreased corn yield components except the 100-seed mass. Increasing plant row spacing increased weed density, while decreased corn yield by 16.5 %. Corn cultivars were significantly different in terms of the number of seed per ear and 100-seed mass, as 'KSC 704' and 'Simon' showed the highest values for these yield components, respectively. However, the number of ear per plant and grain yield were not significantly different between the corn cultivars under study.</p>

scholarly journals Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Lima ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
O.F. Oliveira ◽  
K.M.B. Silva ◽  
F.C.L. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

The interference imposed the by weeds on corn decreases practically all vegetative characteristics. As consequence, the green ear and grain yield are also reduced. Losses due to the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) attack can reduce corn grain yield up to 34%. In general, weed and insect control issues are addressed separately in research papers. Nevertheless, interaction between weeds and insects may exist. This study aimed to evaluate green ear and corn grain yield response to weed and fall armyworm control. A completely randomized block design with split-plots and five replicates was adopted. Corn cultivar AG 1051 was grown under weedy conditions or with control by hand hoeings performed at 20 and 40 days after planting. Fall armyworm control (applied to subplots) was performed with sprays of water (control), deltamethrin (5g active ingredient ha-1); neem oil, at 0.5% (diluted in water), and neem leaf extract at 5%. Each product was sprayed three times, at seven-day intervals, starting at the 7th day after planting, using 150 L ha-1 of the tank solution. Dry mass of the above-ground part, internode diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, green ear yield and grain yield of corn were reduced due to the lack of weed control. Fall armyworm control in the weeded plots did not influence green ear yield and grain yield, except green mass of marketable, husked ears, which was reduced when the caterpillar was not controlled. Without weed control, neem extracts and deltamethrin sprays provided highest yields of number and total weight of green ears with husks, number and weight of marketable ears with husks and number of marketable ears without husks. The best results for husked ear mass and for grain yield were obtained with neem extract and deltamethrin, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of reduced spacing on relationship of physiological, morphological and productive traits of corn yield

2020 ◽  
pp. 1202-1208
Author(s):  
Luan de Oliveira Nascimento ◽  
Josimar Batista Ferreira ◽  
Gleisson de Oliveira Nascimento ◽  
Vanderley Borges dos Santos ◽  
Clemeson Silva de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Relationship Of

Increasing corn grain production without devastating new forest areas is a viable alternative to controlling deforestation. However, increasing plant density in the area may alter plant morphophysiological and productive traits. The objective of this study was to characterize relationships between physiological, morphological and yield traits of corn plants, as well as the cause, effect and relationship of the traits on grain yield. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The corn hybrids (2B655PW, AG7088PRO3 and P4285YHR) were grown with row spacing of 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, 95 cm. The evaluated traits physiological were: net photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular concentration of CO2 (Ci), leaf transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE) and carboxylation efficiency (CE). The morphological were: plant height (PH) and ear insertion height (EIH), stem diameter (SD), and leaf area (LA) and the productive traits were the total number of ear per hectare (NE), number of grains per ear (NGE), grain mass per ear (GME), 100 grain weight (100GW) and grain yield (GY). The characteristics of maize hybrids cultivated in environment with reduced spacing (40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 95cm) of the 2016/2017 crop were investigated through the multicollinearity path analysis. The physiological, morphological and productive traits are considered sources of variation of cause and effect of corn yield in reduced spaced. This traits are essential for observations in maize breeding programs to obtain high yielding varieties in reduced spacing. In conclusion, the physiological (PN, CE, WUE, Ci, Gs), morphological (EIH, SD, LA) and productive (NE, GME) traits provide gains in maize grain yield via indirect selection when the crop is subjected to 40 cm row spacing.

Possible Causes of Dry Pea Synergy to Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Corn Grain

Dry pea improves corn yield and tolerance to weed interference compared with soybean, spring wheat, or canola as preceding crops. To understand this synergy between dry pea and corn, growth and nutrient concentration of corn were examined following dry pea or soybean in sequence. Each corn plot was split into weed-free and weed-infested subplots, with foxtail millet established at one density to provide uniform weed interference. Compared with soybean, dry pea improved corn grain yield 10% in weed-free conditions and corn tolerance to weed interference more than twofold. Dry pea synergy to corn in weed-free conditions was not related to differences in corn development, height, or nutrient status of corn seedlings. When foxtail millet was present, dry pea increased corn height and rate of development late in the growing season compared with soybean. Improved corn tolerance to weed interference was not related to seedling emergence or growth of foxtail millet, as these parameters did not vary with preceding crop. Other biological factors must be involved in dry pea synergy to corn.

Effect of Weed Removal Timing and Row Spacing on Soil Moisture in Corn (Zea mays)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb D. Dalley ◽  
Mark L. Bernards ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Glyphosate-resistant corn was grown in 38- and 76-cm row spacings at two locations in 2001 to examine the effect of weed competition and row spacing on soil moisture. Volumetric soil moisture was measured to a depth of 0.9 m in 18-cm increments. Glyphosate was applied when average weed canopy heights reached 5, 10, 15, 23, and 30 cm. Season-long weed interference reduced soil moisture compared with the weed free controls. At Clarksville, MI, where common lambsquarters was the dominant weed species, weed interference reduced soil moisture in the 0- to 18-cm soil depth from late June through early August and at the 54- to 72- and 72- to 90-cm depths from mid-July through the end of the season. At East Lansing, MI, where giant foxtail was the dominant weed species, weed interference reduced soil moisture at the 18- to 36-, 36- to 54-, and 54- to 72-cm soil depths from mid-June to the end of the season. Season-long weed competition reduced yields more than 90% at each location. Weeds that emerged after the 5-cm glyphosate timing reduced soil moisture and grain yield at both locations. Delaying glyphosate applications until weeds reached 23 cm or more in height reduced corn yield at both locations and soil moisture at East Lansing. Grain yields in the 10- and 15-cm glyphosate-timing treatments were equal to the weed-free corn, even though soil moisture was less during pollination and grain fill. Row spacing did not affect grain yield but did affect soil moisture. Soil moisture was greater in the 76-cm row spacing, suggesting that corn in the 38-cm row spacing may have been able to access soil moisture more effectively.

scholarly journals Makarnalık Buğdayda (Triticum Durum L.) Bölünerek Verilen Üst Gübre Uygulamalarının Verim ve Verim Komponentleri Üzerine Etkisi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041-2048
Author(s):  
Arzu Mutlu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The World

This research was conducted with durum wheat variety (Alatay) at farmer conditions in Bozova district of Şanlıurfa province in 2018-19 and 2019-20 growing season according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. This study was conducted to determine the effect of dividing the top fertilizer in different development periods of wheat on grain yield and some yield factors (plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike) in order to struggle the drought experienced due to global warming in the world and in our country. According to the research results, it was determined that grain yield, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, weight of grains per spike ranged from 347.50-648.33 kg/da, 78.16-98.33 cm, 6.28-6.91 cm, 32.00 number/spike and 64.16 number/spike 2.47 gr/spike and 2.77 gr/spike respectively. The aim of the experiment is to determine how the top-dressing is divided and how the plant benefits from the moisture and nitrogen fertilizer in the soil and how it affects the grain yield and yield components of the plant.

scholarly journals Comparison of Safflower Cultivation in Two Seasons in the South of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Marinez Carpiski Sampaio ◽  
Reginaldo Ferreira Santos ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira ◽  
Doglas Bassegio ◽  
Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
T Test ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Oil Productivity ◽  
Number Of Branches

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production components, grain yield and safflower character correlations as a function of two sowing seasons (autumn and winter). Safflower culture was implanted in 2014 in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The evaluation of safflower crop occurred in two seasons of the year, with the first growing season being characterized by sowing on April 30, 2014 (autumn), and the second growing season on July 30, 2014 (winter). The evaluations occur when the plants showed a 50% flowering and the following determination: plant height, number of branches per plant and chapters, stem diameter, dry weight of the stalk, dry mass of the branches dry mass of chapters and mass dry roots, grain yield, oil content and oil productivity. Growth stations were compared at 5% probability of error by the Student t test. For the study of correlations, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient matrix (r) was estimated between the characters by means of the Student’s t-test, with a 5% probability of error. Except for the oil content and number of branches, safflower characters were benefited by early sowing in autumn. Safflower cultivated in autumn produced 3,820 kg ha-1 and in winter yielded 2,068 kg ha-1. For the early cultivation of autumn, the characters have greater correlation, favored by the climatic conditions. Grain and oil productivity obtained correlation higher than 97% in both seasons.

EFFECTS OF ROW SPACING AND POPULATION DENSITY ON GRAIN SORGHUM PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. HEGDE ◽  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
D. B. WILSON ◽  
K. K. KROGMAN
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
Narrow Row

Row spacings of 18–72 cm and population densities of 75,000 to 346,000 plants/ha had no consistent effect on grain yield of two sorghum hybrids (Pride X4004 and Pride X4053) because of compensating variations within yield components. Grain yield per panicle increased as row spacing increased but this was offset by a decrease in panicles per plant and panicles per square meter. Grain yield per panicle, panicles per plant, and panicles per square meter decreased as population density increased. The choice of row spacing and population density in field production will, therefore, depend on convenience factors related to crop management. Evapotranspiration for the growing season was 179 mm in 1973 and 204 mm in 1974. Highest water use efficiencies occurred at the low population densities and narrow row spacings. There were differences between the two hybrids. Grain yield of Pride X4004 was greater than that of Pride X4053 because the former produced a greater number of seed-bearing tillers. Grain yield differences in Pride X4004 among the three experiments were due to differences in grain yield per panicle.

scholarly journals Corn Yield Intercropped With White Clover as Living Mulch

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Marcia Fernanda Franchin Adami ◽  
Alcir José Modolo ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami ◽  
Christiano Santos Rocha Pitta ◽  
Eduardo Roncatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Partial Suppression ◽  
Herbicide Management ◽  
Corn Grain

Brazil southern region edaphoclimatic conditions allow farmers to grow perennial winter legumes. However, at summer, a seasonality occurs in the production of these species allowing the grown of annual crops such as corn. In this way, interference between white clover (Trifolium repens L.) living mulch and corn crop (Zea mays L.) was studied using a clover sward established after one and two growing season in relation to the usual system of corn grown over black oat straw aiming to study the relationships occurring in this intercrop, such as white clover herbicide suppression, competition and its nitrogen effects on corn yield as well as its potential to became perennial after corn harvest. White clover suppression management was established in the main plots and corn nitrogen fertilization (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1) was performed in the subplots (4.2 &times; 8 m) in a randomized block design with four replications. White clover suppression managements were: (i) partial suppression achieved by mowing the plots at the corn seeding day; (ii) partial suppression achieved by mowing plus chemically broadcast application of 2.4-D; (iii) partial suppression achieved by a chemically broadcast application of glyphosate. Corn grain yields ranged from 3.0 to 12.2 Mg ha-1. Nitrogen input and herbicide management are important elements to reduce white clover competition and increase corn yield. It is possible to manage white clover as living mulch in corn with its full recovery after corn harvest without replanting. Clover with 1 cycle is easier suppressed than perennial clover sward and can be handled in intercropping with corn without affecting grain yield, with ability to resume growth in the next growing season.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Blended NPS Fertilizer Rates and Inter Row Spacing on Yield Components and Yield of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abduraman Nure ◽  
Husen Aman Jara
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Area Index

Corn is an important cereal crop in Ethiopia due to its use as a source of food security. However, its productivity is limited by insufficient application of the NPS fertilizer and different row spacing. A field trial was carried out to assess the effects of the application of different NPS fertilizer quantities and inter row spacing on the growth, yield components and yield of maize and the cost-benefit analysis of the NPS compound fertilizer application on the yield of maize in the main growing season 2019/2020.The study was arranged in a factorial combination of five levels of NPS fertilizers (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg NPS ha-1) and four inter row spacing (55 cm, 65 cm, 75 cm and 85 cm). in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The consequence showed the main result of the NPS fertilizer had a highly significant (p <0.01) effect on days up to 50% anthesis, days up to 50% silk formation, 90% physiological maturity, leaf area, leaf area index, number of plants at harvest, the number of grains per ear was determined from the main effects of NPS fertilizer of 200 kg NPS ha-1. The interaction effects of NPS and row spacing have highly significant (p <0.01) effects on the number of ears per plant, number of ears per hectare, ear length, agronomic effectiveness and grain yield were obtained when using 150 kg. measured NPS ha-1 at 75 cm row spacing. The highest economic (91,608 Birr ha-1) and a higher MRR (1745%) resulted from the 150 kg NPS ha-1 and 75 cm row spacing. Thus, it should be noted that the application of 150 kg NPS ha-1 with a row spacing of 75 cm was both agronomic and cost-effective for the grain yield of the Melkassa-II in the study area.

scholarly journals Yield performance of oat cultivars in response to sowing dates and densities

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 2785-2800
Author(s):  
José Henrique Bizzarri Bazzo ◽  
◽  
Klever Márcio Antunes Arruda ◽  
Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Viable Seeds

Adjustment of seeding density oriented by genotype and conditions of the growing environment may favor growth, development and yield performance of the oat crop. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, lodging, yield components, and grain yield of oat cultivars grown at different sowing dates and densities. Two independent experiments were conducted at two sowing dates (May 5 and June 24) in Londrina-PR under a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of four sowing densities (180, 240, 300, and 360 viable seeds m−2) and two cultivars (IPR Afrodite and IPR Artemis). Plant height, number of panicles.m−2, number of spikelets per panicle, number of grains per spikelet, number of grains per panicle, thousand-grain weight, plant lodging, and grain yield were evaluated. The data were submitted to the analysis of joint variance for sowing dates, separately for the cultivars. The averages of sowing dates were compared by the F test and densities submitted to polynomial regression analysis up to 2nd degree, at 5% probability. The first sowing date favors most yield components and grain yield of the cultivars IPR Afrodite and IPR Artemis. In contrast, the number of panicles m−2 was reduced during this growing season for both cultivars. The late sowing date for the IPR Artemis cultivar resulted in a high percentage of lodging at all evaluated densities. However, this phenomenon is more intense at higher sowing densities during the first sowing date. Yield components and grain yield varied according to sowing dates and densities and the cultivar. The highest grain yield of the cultivar IPR Afrodite at the first sowing date was achieved with a lower sowing density than in the later date. However, the highest grain yield of the IPR Artemis cultivar was achieved at density of 280 viable seeds m−2, regardless of the growing season.

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