scholarly journals Competitive Ability of Canola Hybrids Resistant and Susceptible to Herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. DURIGON ◽  
F. MARIANI ◽  
J. CECHIN ◽  
A.S. CAMERA ◽  
L. VARGAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: This work aimed to compare the competitive ability of canola hybrids susceptible (conventional) or resistant to triazine or imidazolinone group herbicides, with turnip. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The hybrids Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinone), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazine), and Hyola 61 (conventional) were used. The treatments consisted of ratios (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100%) of canola and turnip plants. The evaluation was performed 44 days after emergence, determining the leaf área (AF), dry matter of aerial part (MSPA), and stature (EST) of the plants. The competitiveness analysis was performed through diagrams and interpretation of the competitiveness indexes. For the canola hybrids, the competition occurred by the same mean resources. There was damage to the crop growth in competition with the turnip. The turnip was not benefited only when in competition with Hyola 571CL hybrid, for the EST variable, and with the conventional canola, for the variable AF. There was significance for the competitiveness indexes, demonstrating that turnip is more competitive then the crop. Greater AF, MSPA, and EST occurred for canola plants in the smallest proportions of turnip and, for turnip plants, in the largest proportions of canola. The ability to compete with turnip is similar among hybrids, with injury to the crop and benefit to the weed, when competing. Interspecific competition is more damaging to canola hybrids; and intraspecific competition is more damaging to turnip.

scholarly journals Does the resistance to glyphosate herbicide affect the competitive ability of ryegrass with soybean?

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oliveira ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
L. Vargas ◽  
L.A. Ávila ◽  
C.P. Tarouco
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective this work was to investigate the competitive ability between resistant and susceptible ryegrass biotypes and of these with soybean crop. Four experiments were carried under greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications, in 2011 and 2012. Treatments were arranged in additive series and replacement series assay. In each series, the proportions among ryegrass resistant and susceptible plants related to soybean were: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100. Leaf area and shoot dry mass were evaluated. Competitiveness statistical analysis consisted in applying diagrams to the replacement series and alternative interpretations of the competitiveness indexes. The soybean crop had equivalent competitiveness to the susceptible ryegrass biotype and inferior to the resistant biotype, while the biotypes, both susceptible and resistant to glyphosate, present equivalent competitive ability. In general, the intraspecific competition is more harmful to ryegrass when in competition with soybean, while interspecific competition is predominant for culture.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF WHEAT IN ASSOCIATION WITH BIOTYPES OF Raphanus raphanistrum L. RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE TO ALS-INHIBITOR HERBICIDES

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Oliveira da Costa ◽  
Mauro Antônio Rizzardi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Als Inhibitor

The occurrence of Raphanus raphanistrum ALS herbicide-resistant in wheat crops causes crop yield losses, which makes it necessary to understand the factors that influence the interference of this weed to develop safer management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the competitive ability of wheat in coexistence with biotypes of R. raphanistrum that are resistant (R biotype) and susceptible (S biotypes) to ALS herbicides and to determine whether there are differences in the competitiveness of these biotypes. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were placed in pots and arranged in replacement series for three experiments (1 - wheat with the R biotype; 2 - wheat with the S biotype; and 3 - the R biotype with the S biotype) at the following ratios: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. The competitiveness was analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement experiments and competitiveness indices, including the evaluation of the shoot dry matter of the plants (experiments 1, 2, and 3) and the leaf area (experiment 3). The R and S biotypes significantly decreased the shoot dry matter of the wheat cultivar and demonstrated superior competitive ability compared with the culture. The interspecific competition was more important for the wheat and for the S biotype. The competitiveness of the R biotype compared to the S biotype was similar, with synergism in the leaf area production, which indicates the predominant intraspecific competition exhibited by the R biotype.

scholarly journals Superação de dormência de sementes e desenvolvimento de mudas de jatobazeiro em substratos alternativos

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Patrícia Rodrigues Maffud Carvalho ◽  
César Antônio da Silva ◽  
Luís Léssi dos Reis ◽  
Janaina Rodrigues Maffud
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Forest Humus

The propagation of the jatoba (Hymenaea courbarilL.) by seeds is highly promising in the recovery of degraded areas. Thus, the present research aimed to compare methods forjatoba plant seeds dormancy overcomingand to evaluate the development of seedlings of this species in alternative substrates. In the first experiment, in screened nursery, a completely randomized design was used, with four replications and seven seed treatments: scarification with sandpaper(SS), SS and immersion in water for 24 h, SS and immersion in water for 48 h, intact seed, seed immersed in water for 48 h and seed immersed in water for 96 h. The seedlings that emergency were counted every other days, from 13 to 51days after sowing, quantifying the emergence percentage, the emergence speed index and the emergence average time.The second experiment, in greenhouse,was composed ofthree replicates, in randomized blocks, being seven substrates were used:commercial substrate (CS); 40% SC + 60% forest humus (FH); 40% SC + 60% charcoal rice husk (CRH); 40% SC + 60% bovine manure (BM); 40% CRH + 60% BM; 40% CRH + 60% FH; e 40% FH + 60% BM. At 50, 70 and 120 days after sowing were evaluated the parameters: seedlingheight, leafsnumber, stem diameter, fresh matterand dry matter of aerial partand roots, and leaf area.At 120 DAS, the chlorophyll index was also evaluated. The scarification with sandpaper and immersion of seeds in water for 24 hours presented a greater emergence (96.4% and IVE = 0.697).The mixture containing 40% FHand 60% BMresulted seedlings with a larger leaf area, chlorophyll index and roots and aerial part dry matter, at 120 days after sowing.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ALVES ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
R.R. KAIZER ◽  
F.L. WINTER ◽  
C.M. HOLZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
F Test ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

scholarly journals EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽  
Renato Innecco ◽  
Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Root Part ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

scholarly journals Crescimento e produção de alface em resposta a níveis de drilocomposto e NPK

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Angelita Aparecida Coutinho Picazevicz ◽  
Arnaldo Libório Santos Filho ◽  
Leonardo dos Santos França Shockness ◽  
Luana Silva Lima ◽  
Karoliny Fim da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Npk Fertilization

The objective was to evaluate the effects of levels of compost and fertilization with NPK on growth and production of lettuce. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications, considering six levels of compost (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125 g plant-1) and absence and presence fertilization with NPK. The evaluated parameters were number of total and commercial leaves, mass of fresh commercial and total aerial part, mass of commercial and total dry aerial part, dry root mass and total dry mass. There was an interaction between the drilocomposite and NPK fertilization for the evaluated parameters, except for root dry matter. The fertilization with NPK increased the growth and production of lettuce when there was no application of the compost. Likewise, that the levels of this fertilizer increased the growth and production of lettuce only in the absence of NPK. The application of drilocomposite increases the growth of lettuce plants and can replace fertilization with NPK.

scholarly journals Interference of Brassicaceae and Poaceae on Canola Hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R.O. SILVA ◽  
A.C.M. AGUIAR ◽  
D.P. GHELLER ◽  
B.D. NOVELLO ◽  
C.J. BASSO
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Light Interference ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Hybrid Growth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial competitive ability of canola hybrids against Brassicaceae and Poaceae species in terms of root and shoot resources. Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of interference conditions by root + shoot interference (root+shoot) and shoot interference (Light); and Brassicaceae and Poaceae weeds competing with hybrid of canola (Hyola 61 and Diamond) with different traits for competitiveness. The plant height, root length, dry matter of shoot and root, number of leaves and leaf area were evaluated. Data were compared using orthogonal contrasts. The turnip and volunteer canola reduced root development of the Hyola 61 in root + shoot interference, and among the Brassicaceas weeds, turnip caused greater losses. Brassicaceas weeds caused largest reductions in Diamond’s hybrid growth compared to Poaceae, mainly under light interference. Brassicaceas and Poaceae weeds cause similar damage to Hyola 61 hybrid, and the injury is higher for root +shoot interference. The black oat induce shoot growth in the Diamond hybrid under shoot interference, while among the Brassicaceae weed species, there were no differences.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF CANOLA HYBRIDS WITH WEEDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GALON ◽  
L. R. AGAZZI ◽  
L. VARGAS ◽  
F. NONEMACHER ◽  
F. J. M. BASSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Competitive Analysis ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Competition Ability ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to assess the relative competitive ability of canola hybrids in the presence of turnip (Raphanus sativus) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in different ratios of plants in the mixture. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in ratios of canola against turnip or ryegrass: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. Competitive analysis of the species was accomplished by means of diagrams usually applied to replacement series and also by the relative competitiveness indices. Fifty days after the emergence of the species, measurements of leaf area and shoot dry mass were performed. There was a competition between canola hybrids and weeds, with reduction for all variables. There was a differential competitive ability among canola hybrids in the presence of turnip and/or ryegrass. Canola hybrid Hyola 433 was more competitive in the presence of turnip than Hyola 61, 76 and 571 CL. Hyola 61, 76, 433 and 571 CL do not differ in terms of competition ability when growing with ryegrass.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVE RELATIVE ABILITY OF BARLEY CULTIVARS IN INTERACTION WITH TURNIP

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GALON ◽  
L.R. AGAZZI ◽  
F. NONEMACHER ◽  
F.J.M. BASSO ◽  
F.L. WINTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Competitive Analysis ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Relative Ability

ABSTRACT Among the weeds that cause interference with the growth and development of barley the turnip stands out, especially by the high competitive ability for the resources available in the environment. The research objective with the study was to evaluate the competitive ability of barley cultivars to live with a turnip biotype. Experiments were installed in a greenhouse, in the experimental outlining of randomized blocks designed with four repetitions. The treatments were arranged in replacement series, consisting of proportions of barley plants and turnip: 100: 0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0: 100% which was equivalent to 20: 0, 15: 5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 plants per pot. The barley was represented by BRS Cauê, BRS Elis and MN 610 and the competitor by turnip. The competitive analysis was made through diagrams applied in replacement experiments, among with use of relative competitiveness indices. The leaf area (AF) and the dry mass of the aerial part (MS) were evaluated at 50 days after the emergence of the species. The results show that there was competition between barley varieties with the turnip with mutual damage to the species involved in the community. Turnip negatively modified the AF and the MS of BRS Cauê, MN 610 and BRS Elis demonstrating higher competitive ability for the means of the resources. The interspecific competition causes greater damage to the AF and the MS species than the intraspecific competition. Thus, the turnip control is recommended the turnip control even when present at low densities of plants infesting the barley.

scholarly journals Aluminum toxicity reduces the nutritional efficiency of macronutrients and micronutrients in sugarcane seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Eggers Borges ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Francisco Bruno Ferreira de Sousa ◽  
Kamilla Silva Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Although the effects of aluminum on the content and accumulation of mineral nutrients in crops have been studied, but nothing is known about its effect on the nutritional efficiency of sugarcane. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of aluminum toxicity on nutritional efficiency, nutrient accumulation, and growth of sugarcane seedling. Sugarcane seedlings of the genotype IACSP95-5000, obtained from one-bud mini-cuttings (3 cm), were used in the test. Seedlings were subjected to treatments in a completely randomized design, with eight Al concentrations in the nutrient solution (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 mg L−1) and three replicates, totaling 24 experimental units. Analyses determined the contents, accumulation, and absorption, transport, and use efficiency of macronutrients, micronutrients, and aluminum, in addition to dry matter production. The results show that Al affected all variables analyzed, with a decrease in the nutritional efficiency of macronutrients and micronutrients and a drastic decrease in the accumulation of macronutrients in the aerial part, which reflected in the decrease in the dry matter of the plants. The root system was the most affected, with a decrease in growth of up to 60%. Aluminum reduced the use efficiency of nutrient in decreasing order: Ca (69%)> N (60%)> K (59%)> Mg (50%)> S (49%)> P (40%). As for micronutrients, the following decreasing order was observed: Fe (73%)> Zn (59%) = Cu (59%)> Mn (25%).

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