Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Rumex Confertus Willd

The leaves and roots of Rumex confertus Willd were tested in vitro for antibacterial and fungal activity in the fractions of gasoline, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. As a result, it was found that the leaves of the Rumex confertus Willd plant, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the root part have antibacterial activity against fungi and gram-positive bacteria. Keywords: Rumex confertus Willd, fractions, extracts, antibacterial, antifungal

SYNERGISTIC IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS ROOT EXTRACT OF ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS WILLD AND ETHANOL WHOLE PLANT EXTRACT OF BOERHAVIA DIFFUSA LINN

Objective: On the basis of traditional use and Ethno pharmacological evidences Boerhavia diffusa whole plant and root part of Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) both are widely used to enhance the immunity. But in combination there is no scientific evidence so current study was designed. Methods: Laboratory based study, namely, carbon clearance, cyclophosphamide induced immune suppression and neutrophil adhesion was designed using mice as an experimental animals in different combination of aqueous whole plant extract of B. diffusa and methanol extract of root part of A. racemosus were used as a test drug in the ratio 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 (100 mg/kg) against the established standard drug Ashwagandha. Results: The results revealed that animals treated with combined extract (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) at a dose of 100 mg/kg increase rate of carbon clearance from blood, there is significance alternation in blood parameter in cyclophosphamide group and also improve the Neutrophil adhesion when treated with different combination of polyherbal formulation treated groups. Conclusion: The polyherbal formulation in different ratio showing good significant immunomodulatory activity as compare to standard.

Olivine as an indicator of polygenic assemblage of inclusions from Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Tunka Valley, Baikal Rift Zone

Research subject. Olivine of deep-seated inclusions from Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Tunka valley.Materials and methods. Electron probe microanalysis of minerals with determination of calcium in olivine by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). A complex of methods of quantitative chemical analysis for determination of major oxides in rocks.Results. Deep-seated nodules from Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Tunka Valley characterize the root part of the Slyudyanka metamorphic subterrane, formed during collisional accretion of the Khamar-Daban terrane to the Siberian paleocontinent in the Early Paleozoic and reactivated in the Late Cenozoic. From bulk compositions of deep-seated nodules, groups of xenoliths (restites, rocks closed to the primitive mantle composition, and metasomatites) and cognate rocks (magmatic and magmatic-metasomatic genesis) were distinguished. The polygenetic character of this assemblage is designated by variations of major and trace-element abundances in olivine. In olivine of xenoliths, forsterite (Fo) ranges from 86 to 91% under abundances of NiO – 0.2–0.5, MnO – 0.1–0.2, and CaO < 0.16 wt %. In olivine of magmatic rocks and those of mixed (magmatic-metasomatic) genesis, Fo decreases to 64% with a decrease in NiO (Ni/Mg ratio) and an increase in MnO and CaO. Magmatic olivine shows 0.16–0.21 wt % MnO and about 0.1 wt % CaO, in contrast to olivine of magmatic-metasomatic genesis, enriched in these oxides to 0.5 wt % and 0.45 wt %, respectively, with an increase in the Mn/Fe and Ca/Fe ratios. Olivine trends of the shallow polygenetic assemblage of inclusions are emphasized when compared with those of the deeper ones from volcanic rocks of the Vitim and Oka plateaus that represent a transition from the garnet to the spinel-pyroxene facies in mantle peridotites.Conclusion. Olivine compositions are indicative of the shallow origin of peridotite and pyroxenite nodules from the crust and crust–mantle transition in the root part of the Slyudyanka collision zone reactivated in the Late Cenozoic.

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL SAFETY OF THE COASTAL ZONE TERRITORY WITHIN THE ROOT PART OF THE LITHODYNAMIC SYSTEM OF TENDRA-DZHARYLGACH

Today there is a problem of insufficient organization of recreational areas of the Black Sea coastal zone within the Kherson region, which is the lack of a unified systemic approach in the field of land use and management of coastal areas. Recreational services are sometimes provided in unsuitable places, which leads to unpleasant (sometimes catastrophic) consequences for both the environment and economic activity. The relief of the study area, namely the coastal zone of the Black Sea within the Kherson region, is considered as an ecological and geomorphological system, as a component in the functioning of the tourist and recreational complex. In this context, the issue of geomorphological safety of the territory, environmental risks, as factors influencing the degree of recreational attractiveness.The article analyzes modern morphometric, morphological and morphogenetic characteristics within recreational points and adjacent areas of the coastal zone of the root part of the abrasion-accumulation system Tendra-Dzharilgach. Іnvestigation was in areas of resort settlements village Zalizniy port, village Prymorske (Bolshevik) and Lazurne township of Skadovskyi district of Kherson region and unorganized places of rest in the areas between settlements by GPS-tracking method with fixing of control points for their further transfer to the geoinformation space for analysis and systematization. Differences in the development of the coastal zone in the presence and absence of coastal protection structures were revealed. The influence of natural factors (including change of wind regime, frequency and intensity of bending phenomena), anthropogenic factors (construction of sanitary zone of beaches, illegal extraction of sand from the seabed, spontaneous shore protection, transformation of undeveloped areas of the coast within recreational recreational areas (beaches) within the study area. A comparison of current data obtained from field research, digitized with data from space images of different years, obtained using GIS Google Earth Pro.Key words: geomorphological risks, anthropogenic impact, shore protection, root shore, lithodynamic system. На сьогодні існує проблема недостатньої організованості рекреаційних територій берегової зони Чорного моря в межах Херсонської області, яка полягає у відсутності єдиного системного підходу у сфері землекористування та управління приморськими територіями. Рекреаційні послуги надаються часом у непридатних для цього місцях, що призводить до неприємних (іноді катастрофічних) наслідків як для навколишнього природного середовища, так і для господар-ської діяльності. Рельєф досліджуваної території, а саме берегової зони Чорного моря у межах Херсонської області, розглядається як еколого-геоморфологічна система, як складова у функціонуванні туристсько-рекреаційного комплексу. У цьому контексті розглядається проблематика геоморфологічної безпеки території, екологічні ризики, як фактори впливу на ступінь рекреаційної атрактивності.У статті проаналізовано сучасні морфометричні, морфологічні та морфогенетичні характеристики в межах рекреаційних пунктів і прилеглих територій берегової зони корінної частини абразійно-акумулятивної системи Тендра-Джарилгач. Досліджено ділянки курортних населених пунктів с. Залізний порт, с. Приморське (Більшовик) та смт Лазурне Скадовського району Херсонської області та місця неорганізованого відпочинку на ділянках між населеними пунктами методом GPS-трекінгу з фіксацією контрольних точок для подальшого їх перенесення в геоінформаційний простір з метою аналізу і систематизації. Виявлено відмінності у розвитку берегової зони за наявності та відсутності берегозахисних споруд. Проаналізовано вплив природних факторів (зокрема зміна вітрового режиму, частота та інтенсивність згіннонагінних явищ), антропогенних факторів (забудова санітарної зони пляжів, незаконний видобуток піску з дна моря, «стихійний берегозахист», трансформація необлаштованих ділянок берега рекреантами в межах автокемпінгів) на динаміку рекреаційних зон (пляжів) у межах досліджуваної території. Проведено порівняння сучасних даних, отриманих у результаті польових досліджень, оцифрованих із даними космічних знімків різних років, отриманих за допомогою ГІС Google Earth Pro.Ключові слова: геоморфологічні ризики, антропогенний вплив, берегозахист, корінний берег, літодинамічна система.

Suppression of NtZIP4A/B Changes Zn and Cd Root-to-Shoot Translocation in a Zn/Cd Status-Dependent Manner

In tobacco, the efficiency of Zn translocation to shoots depends on Zn/Cd status. Previous studies pointed to the specific contribution of root parts in the regulation of this process, as well as the role of NtZIP4A/B (from the ZIP family; Zrt Irt-like Proteins). Here, to verify this hypothesis, NtZIP4A/B RNAi lines were generated. Then, in plants exposed to combinations of Zn and Cd concentrations in the medium, the consequences of NtZIP4A/B suppression for the translocation of both metals were determined. Furthermore, the apical, middle, and basal root parts were examined for accumulation of both metals, for Zn localization (using Zinpyr-1), and for modifications of the expression pattern of ZIP genes. Our results confirmed the role of NtZIP4A/B in the control of Zn/Cd-status-dependent transfer of both metals to shoots. Furthermore, they indicated that the middle and basal root parts contributed to the regulation of this process by acting as a reservoir for excess Zn and Cd. Expression studies identified several candidate ZIP genes that interact with NtZIP4A/B in the root in regulating Zn and Cd translocation to the shoot, primarily NtZIP1-like in the basal root part and NtZIP2 in the middle one.

Proximal and Distal Parts of Sweetpotato Adventitious Roots Display Differences in Root Architecture, Lignin, and Starch Metabolism and Their Developmental Fates

Sweetpotato is an important food crop globally, serving as a rich source of carbohydrates, vitamins, fiber, and micronutrients. Sweetpotato yield depends on the modification of adventitious roots into storage roots. The underlying mechanism of this developmental switch is not fully understood. Interestingly, storage-root formation is manifested by formation of starch-accumulating parenchyma cells and bulking of the distal part of the root, while the proximal part does not show bulking. This system, where two parts of the same adventitious root display different developmental fates, was used by us in order to better characterize the anatomical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms involved in sweetpotato storage-root formation. We show that, as early as 1 and 2 weeks after planting, the proximal part of the root exhibited enhanced xylem development together with increased/massive lignin deposition, while, at the same time, the distal root part exhibited significantly elevated starch accumulation. In accordance with these developmental differences, the proximal root part exhibited up-regulated transcript levels of sweetpotato orthologs of Arabidopsis vascular-development regulators and key genes of lignin biosynthesis, while the distal part showed up-regulation of genes encoding enzymes of starch biosynthesis. All these recorded differences between proximal and distal root parts were further enhanced at 5 weeks after planting, when storage roots were formed at the distal part. Our results point to down-regulation of fiber formation and lignification, together with up-regulation of starch biosynthesis, as the main events underlying storage-root formation, marking/highlighting several genes as potential regulators, providing a valuable database of genes for further research.

Tren Harga Bawang Merah di Pasar Besar Kota Batu dan Pasar Sayur Karangploso Kabupaten Malang Periode Januari 2017 – Desember 2019

Onions (Allium Cepa) is a vegetable that be a part of root vegetables such as carrot, potato, etc wich commonly used mainly the root part to be consumed. Onions known as one of the primary ingredient for food because it’s role as seasoning or as supplementary material like fried onions make it one of the ingredient with high economic value. Not surprisingly the price of onions commodity fluctuate everytime. Purpose of the research is : (1) knowing the onions price trend in Pasar Besar Kota Batu and Pasar Karangploso for the last 3 years (2) knowing the difference of the onions price trend between Pasar Besar Kota Batu and Pasar Karangploso. location determined intentionally (purposive). Data used for this research is secondary data obtained from Siskaperbapo or Sistem Informasi Ketersediaan dan Perkembangan Harga Bahan Pokok managed by Disperindag of East Java Province. Analysis used for this research is tabulation and chart, also least cost methode to show the trend happened also to project the possible price in the near future. The result show that the trend is tend to fluctuate annually but if we break down each month and use least cost method both location show a negatif price trend.

Physiology and morphology of seedlings originating from seeds harvested in different thirds and cotton genotypes cultivated under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Uberlândia - MG

Cotton has great importance in Brazil. The percentage, speed and uniformity of seedling emergence depend on this potential. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological and morphological quality of seeds from different thirds of ten genotypes of white fiber cotton grown in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Uberlândia - MG. The experiment was conducted in the 2017/2018, in an area of 500m². Eight commercial genotypes (BRS 368RF, BRS 372, DP 1228 B2RF, FM 975 WS, FM 982, IMA 5675 B2RF, IMA 8405 GLT, TMG 45 B2RF) and two PROMALG genotypes from the Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU (UFU - H, UFU - P). DBC was used, arranged in a 10x3 factorial scheme, with the first factor being the genotypes and the second being the thirds. After the cotton cycle, the seeds of the genotypes were harvested in each third and the analysis of germination, of normal strong seedlings, and growth of the aerial and root part of plants was carried out. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and average comparison test. It was observed that both genotypes and thirds of cotton influence the physiology and morphology of seedlings. Therefore, the lower third has the best germination index (93 to 98% germination), when compared to the middle (88 to 97%) and upper third (88 to 97%). Indicating that to obtain uniform seed lots, it is necessary to take into account the third and the genetics of the plants. The thirds and the genotypes affect the physiological and morphological quality of the seeds, being the lower third with the best performance among the genotypes.

Determination of chemical composition of the Ligularia narynensis root by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Ligularia is a medicinally important herb of the family Compositae. Ligularia narynensis is a perennial herb growing in the mountains, rich in sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, lignans, alkaloids, and steroids. In this work chemical constituents of the root part of medicinal plant L. narynensis from Kazakhstan have been determined for the first time. The constituents of the root part of L. narynensis were extracted with hexane and analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty compounds were detected, and their concentrations were determined by the method of normalization of peak areas. Among them, the major components are (9Z,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (16.7%), ethyl (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate (11.1%), n-hexadecanoic acid (11.0%), (3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl) acetate (9.1%), [(3R)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate (5.1%). Presence of these bioactive constituents may indicate that the plant extract possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, which can serve as a basis for the development of new phytopreparations.