scholarly journals COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF WHEAT IN ASSOCIATION WITH BIOTYPES OF Raphanus raphanistrum L. RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE TO ALS-INHIBITOR HERBICIDES

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Oliveira da Costa ◽  
Mauro Antônio Rizzardi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Als Inhibitor

The occurrence of Raphanus raphanistrum ALS herbicide-resistant in wheat crops causes crop yield losses, which makes it necessary to understand the factors that influence the interference of this weed to develop safer management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the competitive ability of wheat in coexistence with biotypes of R. raphanistrum that are resistant (R biotype) and susceptible (S biotypes) to ALS herbicides and to determine whether there are differences in the competitiveness of these biotypes. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were placed in pots and arranged in replacement series for three experiments (1 - wheat with the R biotype; 2 - wheat with the S biotype; and 3 - the R biotype with the S biotype) at the following ratios: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. The competitiveness was analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement experiments and competitiveness indices, including the evaluation of the shoot dry matter of the plants (experiments 1, 2, and 3) and the leaf area (experiment 3). The R and S biotypes significantly decreased the shoot dry matter of the wheat cultivar and demonstrated superior competitive ability compared with the culture. The interspecific competition was more important for the wheat and for the S biotype. The competitiveness of the R biotype compared to the S biotype was similar, with synergism in the leaf area production, which indicates the predominant intraspecific competition exhibited by the R biotype.

scholarly journals Does the resistance to glyphosate herbicide affect the competitive ability of ryegrass with soybean?

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oliveira ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
L. Vargas ◽  
L.A. Ávila ◽  
C.P. Tarouco
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective this work was to investigate the competitive ability between resistant and susceptible ryegrass biotypes and of these with soybean crop. Four experiments were carried under greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications, in 2011 and 2012. Treatments were arranged in additive series and replacement series assay. In each series, the proportions among ryegrass resistant and susceptible plants related to soybean were: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100. Leaf area and shoot dry mass were evaluated. Competitiveness statistical analysis consisted in applying diagrams to the replacement series and alternative interpretations of the competitiveness indexes. The soybean crop had equivalent competitiveness to the susceptible ryegrass biotype and inferior to the resistant biotype, while the biotypes, both susceptible and resistant to glyphosate, present equivalent competitive ability. In general, the intraspecific competition is more harmful to ryegrass when in competition with soybean, while interspecific competition is predominant for culture.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF CANOLA HYBRIDS WITH WEEDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GALON ◽  
L. R. AGAZZI ◽  
L. VARGAS ◽  
F. NONEMACHER ◽  
F. J. M. BASSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Competitive Analysis ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Competition Ability ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to assess the relative competitive ability of canola hybrids in the presence of turnip (Raphanus sativus) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in different ratios of plants in the mixture. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in ratios of canola against turnip or ryegrass: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. Competitive analysis of the species was accomplished by means of diagrams usually applied to replacement series and also by the relative competitiveness indices. Fifty days after the emergence of the species, measurements of leaf area and shoot dry mass were performed. There was a competition between canola hybrids and weeds, with reduction for all variables. There was a differential competitive ability among canola hybrids in the presence of turnip and/or ryegrass. Canola hybrid Hyola 433 was more competitive in the presence of turnip than Hyola 61, 76 and 571 CL. Hyola 61, 76, 433 and 571 CL do not differ in terms of competition ability when growing with ryegrass.

scholarly journals Competitive Ability of Canola Hybrids Resistant and Susceptible to Herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. DURIGON ◽  
F. MARIANI ◽  
J. CECHIN ◽  
A.S. CAMERA ◽  
L. VARGAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: This work aimed to compare the competitive ability of canola hybrids susceptible (conventional) or resistant to triazine or imidazolinone group herbicides, with turnip. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The hybrids Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinone), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazine), and Hyola 61 (conventional) were used. The treatments consisted of ratios (100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 0:100%) of canola and turnip plants. The evaluation was performed 44 days after emergence, determining the leaf área (AF), dry matter of aerial part (MSPA), and stature (EST) of the plants. The competitiveness analysis was performed through diagrams and interpretation of the competitiveness indexes. For the canola hybrids, the competition occurred by the same mean resources. There was damage to the crop growth in competition with the turnip. The turnip was not benefited only when in competition with Hyola 571CL hybrid, for the EST variable, and with the conventional canola, for the variable AF. There was significance for the competitiveness indexes, demonstrating that turnip is more competitive then the crop. Greater AF, MSPA, and EST occurred for canola plants in the smallest proportions of turnip and, for turnip plants, in the largest proportions of canola. The ability to compete with turnip is similar among hybrids, with injury to the crop and benefit to the weed, when competing. Interspecific competition is more damaging to canola hybrids; and intraspecific competition is more damaging to turnip.

scholarly journals Competitive analysis of soybean and sudangrass using replacement series design

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-675
Author(s):  
Mauro Antônio Rizzardi ◽  
Alana Cristina Dorneles Wandscheer ◽  
Andrea Ferreira Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Agricultural Areas

ABSTRACT Competition is the best known form of direct interference of weeds on agricultural crops. However, there is relatively little information on the competition of the weed sudangrass on soybean, which has been common in agricultural areas in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competition between sudangrass and soybeans using replacement series experiments. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of soybean and sudangrass associations. The experimental units were 8-L plastic pots, in the proportions 0: 8, 2: 6, 4: 4, 6: 2, 8: 0, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the crop and weed respectively. Shoot, root and total dry matter and plant height were analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement series and competitive indices. Soybean showed competitive superiority in coexistence with sudangrass in relation to shoot, root and total dry matter. The intraspecific competition was more significant for the crop and inter-specific competition was more important for the weed.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of alexandergrass or Bengal dayflower with soybean

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.R. Dias ◽  
S.J.P. Carvalho ◽  
L.W. Marcolini ◽  
M.S.C. Melo ◽  
P.J. Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Plants

Weeds compete with field crops mainly for water, light and nutrients, and the degree of competition is affected by the weed density and the intrinsic competitive ability of each plant species in coexistence. The objective of this research was to compare the competitiveness of alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea) or Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in coexistence with soybean, cv. M-Soy 8045. A factorial experiment (2 x 5) with two weed species and five competition proportions was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Proportions were based on a replacement series competition design, always maintaining the total density of four plants per 10 L plastic pots, which corresponded to 60 plants m ². The weed-crop proportions were: 0:4; 1:3; 2:2; 3:1; 4:0; that corresponded to the proportion of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of soybean plants and the opposite for weeds, B. plantaginea or C. benghalensis plants. Leaf area, shoot dry mass of the weeds and soybean and number of soybean trifoliate leaves were evaluated when the soybean reached the phenologic stage of full flowering. B. plantaginea was a better competitor than soybean plants. Otherwise, C. benghalensis revealed a similar competitive ability that of the soybean. In both cases, there were evidences that intraspecific competition was more important.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ALVES ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
R.R. KAIZER ◽  
F.L. WINTER ◽  
C.M. HOLZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
F Test ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

scholarly journals Chemical Management of Broadleaf Buttonweed and Brazilian Pusley in Different Application Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GALLON ◽  
M.M. TREZZI ◽  
F.B. PAGNONCELLI JR ◽  
R. PASINI ◽  
M. VIECELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Increased use of glyphosate in transgenic soybean areas has selected resistant and tolerant weed species. The aim of this study was to evaluate chemical management strategies for controlling Borreria latifolia and Richardia brasiliensis at pre-emergence (Pre), early post-emergence (Poste) and late post-emergence (Postl). Six experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates per treatment in the Pre experiments and three in the Poste and Postl experiments, for each of the species. In the Pre experiments, tests were performed with herbicides imazethapyr, sulfentrazone, chlorimuron, diclosulam, S-metolachlor and saflufenacil. In the Poste experiments, seedlings were sprayed with herbicides bentazon, fomesafen, lactofen, flumioxazin and glyphosate. In Postl experiments, adult plants received glyphosate application associated with herbicides 2,4-D, carfentrazone, imazethapyr, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone, chlorimuron, saflufenacil and glufosinate, plus three sequential applications with glyphosate only and paraquat/diuron. In the experiments, there was a control treatment without application of herbicides. In the Pre experiments, the plants established at 14 and 28 days after application (DAA) were evaluated. In the Poste and Postl experiments, shoot dry matter evaluation and visual control were performed at 14 and 28 DAA. The herbicides sulfentrazone, S-metolachlor and saflufenacil suppressed the emergence of both B. latifolia as R. brasiliensis; chlorimuron-ethyl and diclosulam were effective only on R. brasiliensis. In Poste, fomesafen, lactofen and flumioxazin reached levels of control over 90% of plants of both species. In Postl, glyphosate associated with carfentrazone, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, chlorimuron-ethyl, saflufenacil, glufosinate, and sequential applications of glyphosate/glyphosate, glyphosate/paraquat+diuron, glyphosate+2,4-D/paraquat+diuron reached levels control higher than 95%.

scholarly journals Interference of Brassicaceae and Poaceae on Canola Hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R.O. SILVA ◽  
A.C.M. AGUIAR ◽  
D.P. GHELLER ◽  
B.D. NOVELLO ◽  
C.J. BASSO
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Light Interference ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Hybrid Growth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial competitive ability of canola hybrids against Brassicaceae and Poaceae species in terms of root and shoot resources. Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of interference conditions by root + shoot interference (root+shoot) and shoot interference (Light); and Brassicaceae and Poaceae weeds competing with hybrid of canola (Hyola 61 and Diamond) with different traits for competitiveness. The plant height, root length, dry matter of shoot and root, number of leaves and leaf area were evaluated. Data were compared using orthogonal contrasts. The turnip and volunteer canola reduced root development of the Hyola 61 in root + shoot interference, and among the Brassicaceas weeds, turnip caused greater losses. Brassicaceas weeds caused largest reductions in Diamond’s hybrid growth compared to Poaceae, mainly under light interference. Brassicaceas and Poaceae weeds cause similar damage to Hyola 61 hybrid, and the injury is higher for root +shoot interference. The black oat induce shoot growth in the Diamond hybrid under shoot interference, while among the Brassicaceae weed species, there were no differences.

Multiple herbicide–resistant Lolium spp. is prevalent in wheat production in Texas Blacklands

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Aniruddha Maity ◽  
Seth Abugho ◽  
James Swart ◽  
David Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Als Inhibitor

AbstractField surveys were conducted across the Blacklands region of Texas during 2016 and 2017 to document the distribution of herbicide-resistant Lolium spp. infesting winter wheat production fields in the region. A total of 68 populations (64 Italian ryegrass, four perennial ryegrass) were evaluated in a greenhouse for sensitivity to herbicides of three different modes of action: an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor (mesosulfuron-methyl), two acetyl-coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors (diclofop-methyl and pinoxaden), and a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitor (glyphosate). Herbicides were applied at twice the label-recommended rates for mesosulfuron-methyl (29 g ai ha−1), diclofop-methyl (750 g ai ha−1), and pinoxaden (118 g ai ha−1); and at the recommended rate for glyphosate (868 g ae ha−1). The herbicide screenings were followed by dose-response assays of the most-resistant ryegrass population for each herbicide at eight rates (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64×), compared with a susceptible population at six rates (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2×). The initial screening and dose-response experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications and two experimental runs. Survivors (<80% injury) were characterized as highly resistant (0% to 20% injury) or moderately resistant (21% to 79%). Results showed that 97%, 92%, 39%, and 3% of the Italian ryegrass populations had survivors to diclofop-methyl, mesosulfuron-methyl, pinoxaden, and glyphosate treatments, respectively. Of the four perennial ryegrass populations, three were resistant to diclofop-methyl and mesosulfuron-methyl, and one was resistant to pinoxaden as well. Perennial ryegrass populations did not exhibit any resistance to glyphosate. Dose-response assays revealed 37-, 196-, and 23-fold resistance in Italian ryegrass to mesosulfuron-methyl, diclofop-methyl, and pinoxaden, respectively, compared with a susceptible standard. One Italian ryegrass population exhibited three-way multiple resistance to ACCase-, ALS-, and EPSPS-inhibitors. The proliferation of multiple herbicide–resistant ryegrass is a challenge to sustainable wheat production in Texas Blacklands and warrants diversified management strategies.

scholarly journals Growth and macronutrient absorption in ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba genotypes cultivated in nutrient solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Cristina Pereira Ramos ◽  
José Carlos Moraes Rufini ◽  
Adriano Gonçalves De Campos ◽  
Matheus Pena Campos ◽  
Mayara Neves Santos Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The knowledge about growth and nutrient accumulation can help improve fertilizer efficiency in the production of jabuticaba seedlings, which is still carried out in an empirical way. This study aimed at determining the growth and macronutrient uptake in ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba genotypes grown in nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in split plots, with four replications. In the main plots three jabuticaba genotypes (J001, J005 and J012) were cultivated in nutrient solution and six evaluation periods (at 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days) in the sub-plots were evaluated. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, leaf area index and dry matter (root, stem and leaves) in each period were evaluated. The accumulation of macronutrients in different plant organs was determined, as well as the accumulation of nutrients as a function of time adjusted to the linear model. The results showed that the cultivation in nutrient solution was efficient in the production of Sabará jabuticabeira seedlings. There was no difference in macronutrient growth and absorption among jabuticaba genotypes grown in nutrient solution. ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba plants accumulated (in mg plant-1) 559 of N, 45 of P, 443 of K, 363 of Ca, 59 of Mg and 82 of S. The distribution of macronutrient accumulations in jabuticaba showed the following order: leaves > stem > roots.

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