Compatibility of tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada grafted on different Solanaceae species and control of bacterial wilt

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the compatibility, gas exchange and yield of tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, susceptible to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) when grafted on different Solanaceae species. Rootstock sources were the mini-tomato RVTC-66, Cayenne pepper, Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum), sticky nightshade (Solanum sisymbriifolium), and cultivar Santa Cruz Kada itself (self-grafting). Two materials were tested to promote the union between rootstocks and scions: grafting clips and biodegradable tape (Parafilm). Grafting success index (GSI) was evaluated and, for treatments using biodegradable tape, grafting incompatibility, gas exchange, agronomic characteristics and bacterial wilt epidemiology were assessed throughout the cycle. The use of biodegradable tape favored graft healing. Cayenne pepper, Jerusalem cherry, and sticky nightshade should not be employed as rootstocks for scions of tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada. The mini-tomato accession RVTC-66 showed low graft incompatibility, high photosynthetic efficiency and, when compared to self-grafting, the same fruit production, but with higher plant health index concerning the bacterial wilt.

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Agronomic characteristics of tomato plant cultivar Santa Cruz Kada grafted on species of the genus Solanum

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620170317 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 419-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

André R Zeist ◽

Juliano TV Resende ◽

Israel FL Silva ◽

João RF Oliveira ◽

Cacilda MDR Faria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Solanum Pennellii ◽

Tomato Cultivar ◽

Production Characteristic ◽

Average Mass ◽

Wild Tomato Species ◽

Tomato Species ◽

Grafting Methods

ABSTRACT In this study were evaluated gas exchanges, fruit production and fruit quality of tomato Santa Cruz Kada grafted onto different species of the genus Solanum, using two grafting methods. For the grafted tomato cultivation, the authors used a randomized complete block design, in a 8x2 factorial scheme, evaluating eight rootstocks: accessions of mini tomatos (0224-5, RVTC 57, RVTC 20 and 6889-50); wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites var. hirsutum (PI-127826); Solanum pennellii (LA716); Solanum sessiliflorum (cubiu); and tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada (self-grafting, control), and two grafting methods {cleft grafting (FC) and approach grafting (EC)}. The authors verified a significant interaction between rootstock x grafting method. The S. pennellii rootstock provided the best results for physico-chemical characteristics, when grafted using the cleft method. However, the same method, along with cubiu rootstock, presented lower fruit production. Considering the gas exchange and productive characteristics, S. habrochaites as rootstock for tomato Santa Cruz provided the best results for photosynthetic yield and water use efficiency, and for the commercial fruit production characteristic, both grafting methods, and for the average mass of commercial fruits when grafted using FC, with about 5.03 kg/plant and 163.5 g/fruit, respectively. In relation to the grafting methods, the cleft showed to be the most suitable.

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Inspiratory Speech as a Management Option for Spastic Dysphonia

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949210100501 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 101 (5) ◽

pp. 375-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gordon A. Harrison ◽

Richard H. Troughear ◽

Pamela J. Davis ◽

Alison L. Winkworth

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Voice Quality ◽

Management Option ◽

Communication Problems ◽

Partial Pressures ◽

The Subject ◽

And Control ◽

Laryngeal Resistance

A case study is reported of a subject who has used inspiratory speech (IS) for 6 years as a means of overcoming the communication problems of long-standing adductor spastic dysphonia (ASD). The subject was studied to confirm his use of IS, determine the mechanisms of its production, investigate its effects on ventilatory gas exchange, and confirm that it was perceptually preferable to ASD expiratory speech (ES). Results showed that the production and control of a high laryngeal resistance to airflow were necessary for usable IS. Voice quality was quantitatively and perceptually poor; however, the improved fluency and absence of phonatory spasm made IS the preferred speaking mode for both the listener and the speaker. Transcutaneous measurements of the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the subject's blood were made during extended speaking periods. These measurements indicated that ventilation was unchanged during IS, and that ventilation during ES was similar to the “hyperventilation” state of normal speakers. The reasons for the absence of phonatory spasm during IS are discussed, and the possibility of its use as a noninvasive management option for other ASD sufferers is addressed.

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Mass spectrometric determination of O2 gas exchange during a dark-to-light transition in higher-plant cells

Planta ◽

10.1007/bf00197783 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 183 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marie-H�l�ne Avelange ◽

Fabrice R�beill�

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Mass Spectrometric Determination

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A New Single-Zone Multi-Stage Scavenging Model for Real-Time Emissions Control in Two-Stroke Engines

ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/icef2019-7198 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah U. Bajwa ◽

Mark Patterson ◽

Taylor Linker ◽

Timothy J. Jacobs

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Thermodynamic State ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Exchange Processes ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Perfect Mixing ◽

And Control

Abstract Gas exchange processes in two-stroke internal combustion engines, i.e. scavenging, remove exhaust gases from the combustion chamber and prepare the fuel-oxidizer mixture that undergoes combustion. A non-negligible fraction of the mixture trapped in the cylinder at the conclusion of scavenging is composed of residual gases from the previous cycle. This can cause significant changes to the combustion characteristics of the mixture by changing its composition and temperature, i.e. its thermodynamic state. Thus, it is vital to have accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic state of the post-scavenging mixture to be able to reliably predict and control engine performance, efficiency and emissions. Several simple-scavenging models can be found in the literature that — based on a variety of idealized interaction modes between incoming and cylinder gases — calculate the state of the trapped mixture. In this study, boundary conditions extracted from a validated 1-D predictive model of a single-cylinder two-stroke engine are used to gauge the performance of four simple scavenging models. It is discovered that the assumption of thermal homogeneity of the incoming and exiting gases is a major source of inaccuracy. A new non-isothermal multi-stage single-zone scavenging model is thus, proposed to address some of the shortcomings of the four models. The proposed model assumes that gas-exchange in cross-scavenged two-stroke engines takes place in three stages; an isentropic blowdown stage, followed by perfect-displacement and perfect-mixing stages. Significant improvements in the trapped mixture state estimates were observed as a result.

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Prolonged methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1979.47.2.418 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 418-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. W. Ramsdell ◽

P. F. Georghiou

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Lung Compliance ◽

Cholinergic Stimulation ◽

Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽

Pulmonary Resistance ◽

Mechanically Ventilated ◽

Arterial Partial Pressure ◽

Dynamic Lung Compliance ◽

And Control

We studied the effect of prolonged airways obstruction induced by extended cholinergic stimulation in five anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. A continuous intravenous metacholine infusion was utilized to maintain pulmonary resistance (RL) at 200--1500% preinfusion levels for 13--23 h. At maximum RL (18.86 +/- 7.74 vs. 2.09 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SD) cmH2O/ (L/S) PREINfusion; P less than 0.01), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) fell from 67.5 +/- 14.6 to 32.7 +/- 11.6 ml/cmH2O (P less than 0.005) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) fell modestly from 95.8 +/- 6.1 Torr preinfusion to 83.2 +/- 12.7 Torr (P less than 0.05). Tachyphylaxis to methacholine developed, requiring increases in infusion rates to maintain elevated RL. Abnormalities in lung function resolved promptly upon termination of the infusion. Two similarly instrumented control animals ventilated for 19 and 25 h without metacholine infusion had no change in RL, Cdyn, or PaO2. Histological examination of the lungs revealed no differences between infused and control animals. In spite of marked increases in RL, prolonged cholinergic stimulation produced only mild changes in gas exchange and no sustained changes in lung function or structure.

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GAS EXCHANGE, GROWTH, FLOWERING AND FRUIT PRODUCTION IN SWEET PEPPER (CAPSICUM CHINENSE JACQ) ALONG A THERMAL GRADIENT DETERMINED BY ALTITUDINAL DIFFERENCES IN A TROPICAL REGION

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479715000071 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 251-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. E. JAIMEZ ◽

F. RADA

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Capsicum Chinense ◽

Mean Temperature ◽

Flowering Initiation ◽

Lower Temperature

SUMMARYA common practice in some South American countries consists in moving around Capsicum chinense cultivars between regions where edaphoclimatic conditions differ notably. The purpose of this research was to compare and relate gas exchange responses with assimilate allocation patterns and flower and fruit production dynamics in a cultivar of C. chinense in three locations with different mean temperatures (19, 24 and 28 °C) along a gradient from 140–1855 m. Leaf gas exchange (leaf conductance, CO2 assimilation and transpiration rates) was measured at 60–70, 110–120 and 140–150 days after transplanting (dat) from seed beds. Dry weight per plant of leaves, stems and roots were determined at 50, 73, 96, 114 and 196 dat. Flowering dynamics and fruit production were followed weekly. A marked reduction (50%) in mean Gs was found at the site with the lowest mean temperature in relation to plants grown at the highest temperature site. Mean daily CO2 assimilation rate was higher for plants in the intermediate site and a reduction of 18 and 42% was found for sites with highest and lowest mean temperature, respectively. We report an adverse effect of low temperatures on growth of C. chinense. Flowering initiation and fruit production was delayed at lower temperatures. An increase in temperature (between 26–30 °C) led to an increase in the number of flowers; below this temperature it remained unchanged. Fruit production is drastically reduced at the lower temperature site due to a large number of aborted flowers and small fruits.

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Bacterial wilt and rot of potatoes—some suggestions for its detection, verification, and control

American Potato Journal ◽

10.1007/bf02879160 ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 312-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

H. N. Racicot ◽

D. B. O. Savile ◽

I. L. Conners

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

And Control

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Control-Oriented Gas Exchange Model for Diesel Engines Utilizing Variable Intake Valve Actuation

Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control ◽

10.1115/1.4027960 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 136 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lyle Kocher ◽

Ed Koeberlein ◽

Karla Stricker ◽

D. G. Van Alstine ◽

Greg Shaver

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

Exchange Process ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Intake Valve ◽

Physically Based ◽

Valve Position ◽

Gas Exchange Process ◽

And Control ◽

Valve Actuation

Modeling and control of the gas exchange process in modern diesel engines is critical for the promotion and control of advanced combustion strategies. However, most modeling efforts to date use complex stand-alone simulation packages that are not easily integrated into, or amenable for the synthesis of, engine control systems. Simpler control-oriented models have been developed; however, in many cases, they do not directly capture the complete dynamic interaction of air handling system components and flows in multicylinder diesel engines with variable geometry turbocharging (VGT), high pressure exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and flexible intake valve actuation. Flexibility in the valvetrain directly impacts the gas exchange process not only through the effect on volumetric efficiency but also through the combustion process and resulting exhaust gas enthalpy utilized to drive the turbomachinery. This paper describes a low-order, five state model of the air handling system for a multicylinder variable geometry turbocharged diesel engine with cooled EGR and flexible intake valve actuation, validated against 286 steady state and 62 transient engine operating points. The model utilizes engine speed, engine fueling, EGR valve position, VGT nozzle position, and intake valve closing (IVC) time as inputs to the model. The model outputs include calculation of the engine flows as well as the exhaust temperature exiting the cylinders. The gas exchange model captures the dynamic effects of the not only the standard air handling actuators (EGR valve position and VGT position) but also IVC timing, exercised over their useful operating ranges. The model's capabilities are enabled through the use of analytical functions to describe the performance of the turbocharger, eliminating the need to use look-up maps; a physically based control-oriented exhaust gas enthalpy submodel and a physically based volumetric efficiency submodel.

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