Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a biomarker of bone turnover in dog

Values of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP) activity were obtained in adult dogs and its biological variability was assessed. Nine healthy skeletally mature Portuguese Podengo dogs were used for the determination of TRAP, total and bone alkaline phosphatase serum activities, and also to study their relationship with serum minerals, namely calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and magnesium (Mg). The serum TRAP activity was 2.19±0.56IU/mL, with intra-individual variation of 18.3% and inter-individual variation of 25.6%. Significant correlations were observed between serum TRAP activity and Ca (r=-0.3431; P<0.05), Ca and Mg (r=-0.787; P<0.01), and TRAP and Mg (r=0.397; P<0.05). The results indicate that serum TRAP activity in dog could be of great value in research and in clinical practice, providing complementary non-invasive information on bone metabolism

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Serum Bone Resorption Markers after Parathyroidectomy for Renal Hyperparathyroidism: Correlation Analyses for the Cross-Linked N-telopeptide of Collagen I and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/503945 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kuo-Chin Hung ◽

Chung-Yu Huang ◽

Chuan-Chieh Liu ◽

Chih-Jen Wu ◽

Shao-Yuan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Type I ◽

Bone Resorption Markers ◽

Correlation Analyses ◽

Serum Trap ◽

The Cross

Patients on long-term dialysis may develop secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) with increased serum concentrations of bone resorption markers such as the cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) and type-5b tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). When SHPT proves refractory to treatment, parathyroidectomy (PTX) may be needed. Renal patients on maintenance HD who received PTX for refractory SHPT (n=23) or who did not develop refractory SHPT (control subjects;n=25) were followed prospectively for 4 weeks. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), NTX, TRAP, and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) concentrations were measured serially and correlation analyses were performed. iPTH values decreased rapidly and dramatically. BAP values increased progressively with peak increases observed at 2 weeks after surgery. NTX and TRAP values decreased concurrently and progressively through 4 weeks following PTX. A significant correlation between TRAP and NTX values was observed before PTX but not at 4 weeks after PTX. Additionally, the fractional changes in serum TRAP were larger than those in serum NTX at all times examined after PTX. Serum iPTH, TRAP, and NTX values declined rapidly following PTX for SHPT. Serum TRAP values declined to greater degrees than serum NTX values throughout the 4-week period following PTX.

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Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) Activity in Serum: Potential Use in Assessing Bone Resorption in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460089000500202 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 61-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Monti ◽

A. Scazzoso ◽

G. Calzaferri ◽

I. Santi ◽

E. D'Aprile ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Trap Activity ◽

Serum Trap ◽

The Difference ◽

Young Subjects ◽

Hydroxyproline Excretion

We measured serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in 120 healthy subjects and 35 patients with multiple myeloma as well as urinary hydroxyproline excretion in the myeloma patients. Young subjects (0-18 years) showed higher TRAP levels (ANOVA p < 0.01) compared with the other age classes due to the more active bone remodelling processes associated with growth. Myeloma patients with bone lytic lesions (MM+) showed higher serum TRAP values than controls (p < 0.01). Hydroxyproline excretion was higher in MM + patients but the difference between patients with and without bone lesions was not statistically significant. Our data suggest that serum TRAP activity may be a suitable, simple biochemical test to assess bone turnover in patients with multiple myeloma but that its clinical usefulness as a marker of bone resorption needs further evaluation.

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Bone-Derived Serum Enzymes and Bone Density in Perimenopausal Caucasian Women

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456329303000214 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 191-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J D Johnston ◽

S Koneru ◽

T Kuwana ◽

S B Rosalki

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Bone Density ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Serum Enzymes ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Vertebral Bone ◽

Caucasian Women

Serum levels of bone-origin alkaline phosphatase and of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were measured in Caucasian women aged 41–69 years who had volunteered for bone densitometry. Bone alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were inversely correlated with vertebral bone density and with femoral neck bone density. Bone alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase were also significantly correlated, consistent with the concept of ‘coupling’ between osteoblast and osteoclast activity.

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A Novel Immunoassay for The Determination of Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b From Rat Serum

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ◽

10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.1.134 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 134-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Sari L Alatalo ◽

Zhiqi Peng ◽

Anthony J Janckila ◽

Helena Kaija ◽

Pirkko Vihko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Rat Serum

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Can a determination of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase predict postmenopausal loss of bone mass?

European Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00984.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 274-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Rico ◽

I. Arribas ◽

L. F. Villa ◽

F. J. Casanova ◽

E. R. Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase

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A Novel Sandwich ELISA for Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5a and 5b Protein Reveals that Both Isoforms are Secreted by Differentiating Osteoclasts and Correlate to the Type I Collagen Degradation Marker CTX-I In Vivo and In Vitro

Calcified Tissue International ◽

10.1007/s00223-019-00618-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 194-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laia Mira-Pascual ◽

Christina Patlaka ◽

Suchita Desai ◽

Staffan Paulie ◽

Tuomas Näreoja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Collagen Degradation ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Osteoclast Number ◽

Serum Trap ◽

Trap 5B

Abstract Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 (TRAP) exists as two isoforms, 5a and 5b. 5b is a marker of osteoclast number and 5a of chronic inflammation; however, its association with bone resorption is unknown. In this study, a double-TRAP 5a/5b sandwich ELISA measuring 5a and 5b protein in the same sample was developed. TRAP 5a and 5b protein levels were evaluated as osteoclast differentiation/activity markers in serum and in culture, and their correlation to the resorption marker CTX-I was examined. Serum TRAP 5a and 5b concentrations in healthy men were 4.4 ± 0.6 ng/ml and 1.3 ± 0.2 ng/ml, respectively, and they correlated moderately to each other suggesting that their secretion is coupled under healthy conditions. A correlation was also observed between serum TRAP 5a and 5b with CTX-I, suggesting that both TRAP isoforms associate with osteoclast number. During osteoclast differentiation on plastic/bone, predominantly 5b increased in media/lysate from M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated CD14+ PBMCs. However, substantial levels of 5a were detected at later stages suggesting that both isoforms are secreted from differentiating OCs. More TRAP 5b was released on bone indicating a connection to osteoclast resorptive activity, and a peak in TRAP 5b/5a-ratio coincided with rapid CTX-I release. At the end of the culture period of M-CSF + RANKL-stimulated CD14+ PBMCs, there was a correlation between the secretion of TRAP 5a and 5b proteins with CTX-I. The correlation of not only 5b but also 5a with collagen degradation, both in serum and osteoclast cultures indicates that a considerable proportion of the TRAP 5a originates from osteoclasts and may reflect a hitherto undisclosed regulatory mechanism during bone resorption and bone remodeling.

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Clinical Significance of Immunoassays for Type-5 Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/45.12.2150 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 2150-2157 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Yuri R Nakasato ◽

Anthony J Janckila ◽

Jussi M Halleen ◽

H Kalervo Vaananen ◽

Stephanie P Walton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Rheumatic Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Endstage Renal Disease ◽

Trap Activity ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP; EC 3.1.3.2) is a product of osteoclasts and a biochemical marker of bone resorption rate. However, erythrocytes and platelets contribute to total TRAP activity in serum, reducing the specificity of direct biochemical assays in serum. Osteoclast TRAP is also known as type-5 TRAP and is antigenically unique. Immunoassays are sought to improve the specificity and sensitivity of TRAP as a bone marker. Methods: We developed two colorimetric microplate assays for type-5 TRAP: an enzyme capture immunoassay to measure antibody-bound enzymatic activity, and a two-site immunoassay to measure bound enzyme protein. Both use the same monoclonal antibody (14G6) to capture type-5 TRAP, which permits determination of specific activity of serum TRAP in health and disease. Results: Both TRAP assays were linear from one-tenth to fivefold the mean value in 18 healthy subjects. In these subjects, the mean (SD) TRAP activity was 3.2 (0.54) U/L for the enzyme capture assay and 37 (13) μg/L for the two-site assay. Mean TRAP activity was not significantly increased in 64 patients with endstage renal disease requiring hemodialysis (HD) or 99 unselected patients with rheumatic diseases. By contrast, TRAP protein was increased in both the HD and rheumatic disease groups. The specific activity of TRAP in the 17 of 64 HD sera that had increased TRAP activity (0.088 U/μg) was similar to that in healthy subjects (0.091 U/μg). By contrast, the specific activity of TRAP in the 31 of 99 rheumatic sera with increased TRAP protein (0.035 U/μg) was significantly decreased. Conclusions: Wide sample distributions for TRAP activity in HD patients and TRAP protein in rheumatic disease patients suggest the presence of subpopulations of HD patients with increased TRAP activity and of rheumatic patients with increased TRAP protein. Each assay for TRAP activity and protein may have its own biological significance and clinical applications in specific groups of patients.

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Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human type-5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase: development of a specific immunoassay of the isoenzyme in serum

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/41.10.1495 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 1495-1499 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

P Chamberlain ◽

J Compston ◽

T M Cox ◽

A R Hayman ◽

R C Imrie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Specific Serum ◽

Serum Trap ◽

Human Osteoclast ◽

The Mean

Abstract We have characterized four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the purple ("tartrate-resistant," band 5) acid phosphatase of the human osteoclast (TRAP) and used these to develop a specific serum immunoassay. All four mAbs are of high affinity (Ka = 1-5 x 10(8) L/mol) with a very fast Kassoc (0.2-2.0 x 10(5) L mol-1 s-1) and a moderate Kdissoc (1-3 x 10(-3) s). Two of the mAbs were selected to develop a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay to measure serum concentrations of TRAP. The mean serum immunoreactive TRAP in a group of healthy premenopausal women and men was 3.7 +/- 1.8 micrograms/L (mean +/- SD) and 3.5 +/- 1.6 micrograms/L, respectively. Significantly higher concentrations of TRAP were found in postmenopausal women (6.3 +/- 2.3 micrograms/L) and in eight patients with Gaucher disease (19.3 +/- 4.7 micrograms/L). Further studies are required to investigate the value of serum TRAP as a marker of bone resorption.

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