scholarly journals Phlebotomine sandfly species from an American visceral leishmaniasis area in the Northern Rainforest region of Pernambuco State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosimery de Carvalho ◽  
Bruna Santos Lima ◽  
José Ferreira Marinho-Júnior ◽  
Fernando José da Silva ◽  
Hélio França Valença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

The aim of this study was to identify the fauna of phlebotomine sandflies in an area with incidence of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in São Vicente Férrer, a municipality (county) located in the northern Zona da Mata in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Sandfly captures were conducted monthly for four nights/month from December 2002 to November 2003, by means of manual captures (with a Shannon trap) and by CDC light traps. A total of 23,156 specimens of phlebotomines sandflies were collected in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest, houses, and animal shelters. Lutzomyia complexa was the most prevalent species, with a frequency of 62.5% (14,445/23,156), followed by Lutzomyia migonei, with 33.2% (7,677/23,156). No Lutzomyia longipalpis (the main vector of Leishmania chagasi in Brazil and the Americas) was found in the target area. Some specimens were dissected, but no Leishmania parasites were found.

scholarly journals Assessment of PCR in the detection of Leishmania spp in experimentally infected individual phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érika M. MICHALSKY ◽  
Consuelo L. FORTES-DIAS ◽  
Paulo F.P. PIMENTA ◽  
Nágila F.C. SECUNDINO ◽  
Edelberto S. DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei

DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied in the investigation of the presence of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites in single phlebotomine sandflies. Three phlebotomine/parasite pairs were used: Lutzomyia longipalpis/Leishmania chagasi, Lutzomyia migonei/Leishmania amazonensis and Lutzomyia migonei/Leishmania braziliensis, all of them incriminated in the transmission of visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis. DNA extraction was performed with whole insects, with no need of previous digestive tract dissection or pooling specimens. The presence of either mouse blood in the digestive tract of the sandflies or the digestive tract itself did not interfere in the PCR. Infection by as few as 10 Leishmania sp. per individual were sufficient for DNA amplification with genus-specific primers. Using primers for L. braziliensis and L. mexicana complexes, respectively, it was possible to discriminate between L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis in experimentally infected vectors (L. migonei).

scholarly journals Ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella Albuquerque Silva ◽  
Fabricio Kassio Moura Santos ◽  
Lindemberg Caranha de Sousa ◽  
Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel ◽  
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei

The main vector for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis. However, the absence of L. longipalpis in a region of autochthonous VL demonstrates the participation of other species in the transmission of the parasite. Studies conducted in La Banda, Argentina, and São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco State, Brazil, have correlated the absence of L. longipalpisand the presence of L. migonei with autochthonous cases of VL. In São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco, there was evidence for the natural infection of L. migonei with Leishmania infantum chagasi. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the ecology of the sand flies L. longipalpis and L. migonei in Fortaleza, an endemic area for VL. Insect capture was conducted at 22 sampling points distributed across four regions of Fortaleza. In total, 32,403 sand flies were captured; of these, 18,166 (56%) were identified as L. longipalpis and 14,237 (44%) as L. migonei. There were significant density differences found between the vectors at each sampling site (indoors and outdoors) (p <0.0001). These findings confirm that L. migonei and L. longipalpis are distributed throughout Fortaleza, where they have adapted to an indoor environment, and suggest that L. migonei may share the role as a vector with L. longipalpis in the transmission of VL in Fortaleza.

scholarly journals Natural infection of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a visceral-leishmaniasis focus in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Cezar do Nascimento ◽  
Byanca Regina de Paiva ◽  
Rosely dos Santos Malafronte ◽  
Wedson Desidério Fernandes ◽  
Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by Leishmania in phlebotomine females in a visceral-leishmaniasis focus in Antonio João county in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Between June and October 2003, the digestive tracts of 81 females captured in Aldeia Campestre, Aldeia Marangatu and Povoado Campestre were dissected. The females were separated by species, location, area and date of capture into 13 groups and kept in ethanol 70%. To identify the Leishmania species using the PCR technique, amplifications of the ribosomal-DNA (rDNA) and mini-exon genes were analyzed. Of the 81 specimens, 77 (95%) were Lutzomyia longipalpis, making this the most common species; only one specimen of each of the species Brumptomyia avellari, Evandromyia cortelezzii, Evandromyia lenti and Nyssomyia whitmani was found. Trypanosomatids were identified in eight of the nine groups of Lutzomyia longipalpis (10.39%) one group from Aldeia Campestre, one from Aldeia Marangatu and six from Povoado Campestre; of the eight groups, one from Aldeia Marangatu and another, with promastigotes forms also confirmed by dissection (1.23%) from Povoado Campestre, were identified by PCR as Leishmania chagasi (2.6%). The other groups gave negative results. These findings indicate that there is a high risk of leishmaniasis transmission in this area.

scholarly journals SURVEY OF SANDFLY FAUNA (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) IN UBERLÂNDIA, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL, 2003-2004

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Beatriz Cardoso de Paula ◽  
Amaral Alves de Souza ◽  
Alessandro Ambrósio dos Reis ◽  
Jean Ezequiel Limongi ◽  
Adalberto de Albuquerque Pajuaba Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Minas Gerais State

We analyzed the sandflies around houses and domestic animal shelters located in residences close to forests in localities on the banks of the Araguari River, Uberlândia, MG, from February 2003 to November 2004. The phlebotomines were captured in the peridomiciliary area, where Shannon traps were utilized in the peridomicile and CDC traps in animal shelters. 2,783 specimens of sandflies were captured, 2,140 females (76.9%) and 643 males (23.1%), distributed between 17 species. The most abundant species was Nyssomyia neivai (88.1%), followed by Nyssomyia whitmani (3.1%). The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis was also confirmed, it is the main vector of Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi which causes visceral leishmaniasis. The presence of species involved in the transmission of leishmaniases in the municipality of Uberlândia is cause for concern. The presence of L. longipalpis indicates that its urbanization may not have been aleatory and instead occurred through the destruction of wild ecotopes. More studies of their occupation in anthropic environments need to be made.

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in São Vicente Férrer, a sympatric area to cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cristina Fitipaldi Veloso Guimarães ◽  
Pietra Lemos Costa ◽  
Fernando José da Silva ◽  
Kyldman Thais da Silva ◽  
Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Geographic Expansion ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei

INTRODUCTION: In the last decades, a considerable geographic expansion of the leishmaniases in all regions of Brazil has been observed. The present study was carried out to identify the composition of the phlebotomine sandfly fauna and verify the seasonal variation of the main species after environmental changes occurred in São Vicente Férrer Municipality, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: Captures were carried out during four consecutive nights of each month using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps from September 2009 to September 2010. The correlation between the number of phlebotomine sandflies captured and climatic factors (temperature and rainfall) was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 13,872 specimens belonging to 20 species were captured, of which, 6,247 (45%) were females, and 7,625 (55%) were males. Lutzomyia migonei was the most abundant species with 9,964 (71.8%) specimens, being predominant in the intradomicile and peridomicile areas with 108 (86.4%) and 9,746 (97%), respectively. In the forest remnants, Lutzomyia complexa 2,395 (65%) and Lutzomyia sordellii 770 (20.8%) predominated. The correlation analysis between the total number of sandflies captured and climatic factors did not show a significant influence on population density. CONCLUSIONS: The high abundance of Lutzomyia migonei and Lutzomyia complexa indicates the possibility of new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).

scholarly journals Description of six autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed in Pedregulho (São Paulo, Brazil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
Cássia Regina de Abreu ◽  
Ana Cláudia Parpinelli ◽  
Romeika Reis de Lima ◽  
Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias ◽  
Lucas de Freitas Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
The City ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious disease of chronic, emerging and zoonotic nature that presents various degrees of severity. In Brazil, this illness is caused by Leishmania infantum (Leishmania chagasi), which is transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, and dogs are its main reservoir. Given the increasing spread of this disease across Brazil, the aim of this study was to report on six cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, diagnosed in June 2013, in the city of Pedregulho, State of São Paulo, considered to be a non-endemic area and free of phlebotomine sand flies. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs of the patients and additional tests (serological and parasitological). It was concluded that the diagnosis of leishmaniasis is complex because the clinical signs are similar to other systemic diseases, thus justifying the importance of parasitological test of bone marrow, considered "gold standard", in the confirmation of the disease. In addition, the area was not, until now, considered risk place, despite notification.

scholarly journals Sandfly fauna in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Aracaju, State of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica de Lourdes Sierpe Jeraldo ◽  
Marco Aurélio de Oliveira Góes ◽  
Claudio Casanova ◽  
Claudia Moura de Melo ◽  
Edilson Divino de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, visceral leishmaniasis, a major public health problem, has been spreading from the rural to urban areas in many areas of Brazil, including Aracaju, the capital of the State of Sergipe. However, there are no studies of the sandfly fauna in this municipality or its variation over the year. METHODS: Phlebotomine sandflies were collected from a rural area of Aracaju from September 2007 to July 2009. Modified CDC ultra-violet (UV) light traps were used to evaluate sandfly monthly distribution and their presence in the domestic and peridomestic environments. RESULTS: The most abundant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (90.4%) followed by Evandromyia lenti (9.6%). A chicken shed trap site had the highest proportion of L. longipalpis (51.1%) and large numbers of L. longipalpis were also collected in the houses closest to the chicken shed. There was a positive correlation between monthly rainfall and L. longipalpis abundance. CONCLUSIONS: Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most abundant species and is probably the main vector of the visceral leishmaniasis agent in the rural area of Aracaju. An increase in L. longipalpis frequency was observed during the rainy season. The peridomicile-intradomicile observations corroborate the importance of chicken sheds for the presence of L. longipalpis in the peridomestic environment. The great numbers of L. longipalpis inside the houses confirm the endophilic behaviour of this species and the possibility of visceral transmission in the intradomicile.

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Celio de Almeida Marzochi ◽  
Aline Fagundes ◽  
Moacir Vieira de Andrade ◽  
Marcos Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Maria de Fátima Madeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Continental Slopes ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
And Control

From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental slopes of the Gericinó massif. The majority (65.5%) of the patients were more than five years old, predominantly males (61.5%), but without any difference between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4%. Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than 0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6% in 1984 to 1.6% in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine seroprevalence.

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