scholarly journals Sandfly fauna in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Aracaju, State of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica de Lourdes Sierpe Jeraldo ◽  
Marco Aurélio de Oliveira Góes ◽  
Claudio Casanova ◽  
Claudia Moura de Melo ◽  
Edilson Divino de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, visceral leishmaniasis, a major public health problem, has been spreading from the rural to urban areas in many areas of Brazil, including Aracaju, the capital of the State of Sergipe. However, there are no studies of the sandfly fauna in this municipality or its variation over the year. METHODS: Phlebotomine sandflies were collected from a rural area of Aracaju from September 2007 to July 2009. Modified CDC ultra-violet (UV) light traps were used to evaluate sandfly monthly distribution and their presence in the domestic and peridomestic environments. RESULTS: The most abundant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (90.4%) followed by Evandromyia lenti (9.6%). A chicken shed trap site had the highest proportion of L. longipalpis (51.1%) and large numbers of L. longipalpis were also collected in the houses closest to the chicken shed. There was a positive correlation between monthly rainfall and L. longipalpis abundance. CONCLUSIONS: Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most abundant species and is probably the main vector of the visceral leishmaniasis agent in the rural area of Aracaju. An increase in L. longipalpis frequency was observed during the rainy season. The peridomicile-intradomicile observations corroborate the importance of chicken sheds for the presence of L. longipalpis in the peridomestic environment. The great numbers of L. longipalpis inside the houses confirm the endophilic behaviour of this species and the possibility of visceral transmission in the intradomicile.

scholarly journals Diversity of sand flies in domiciliary environment of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil: species composition and abundance patterns in rural and urban areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlisson Augusto Costa Feitosa ◽  
Genimar Rebouças Julião ◽  
Manoel Djalma Pereira Costa ◽  
Braulio Belém ◽  
Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

This paper aimed to evaluate the richness, abundance and frequency of sand fly occurrence in rural and urban areas American visceral Leishmaniasis -AVL is endemic in the study area of Santarém municipality, Pará state. Sand flies were collected during 1995-2000, using CDC light traps placed in neighborhoods and rural areas of the municipality. A total of 53.454 individuals and 26 species of sand flies were collected. The most abundant species in both urban and rural environments was Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of AVL in the area. The highest species richness by capture was in rural area. In all years sampled, the largest number of species of sand fly collected was always in rural areas. The species of sand flies in urban and rural area were similar in 11 species. In the rural area other 11 species were found, a total of 22 species. Shannon-Wiener index ranged from 0.12 to 0.84 at rural areas and 0.08 to 0.34 at urban ones. In general, rural localities showed higher diversity (H') of phlebotomines than urban ones. Individual-based rarefaction curves for each area demonstrated that urban localities had the lowest expected number of phlebotomine species and the richest rural ones reach higher expected values with lower amount of individuals than urban sites. The most frequent species were Lutzomyia longipalpis, Evandromyia carmelinoi and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata.

scholarly journals Faunistic study on scorpions and their health impact in Bashagard County, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Shahi ◽  
Seyed Aghil Jaberhashemi ◽  
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Morteza Akbari ◽  
Javad Rafinejad
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Southern Iran

Abstract. Shahi M, Jaberhashemi SA, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Akbari M, Rafinejad J. 2020. Faunistic study on scorpions and their health impact in Bashagard County, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 85-90. Scorpion sting is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries, endangering thousands of lives annually. About 2300 scorpion sting cases including several deaths are reported from Hormozgan Province annually. This study aimed to determine the fauna of scorpions and epidemiological aspects of scorpion sting in one of the high-risk areas in this province. Scorpions were collected by diurnal searching and night catch using UV light during 2015-2016. Clinical and demographic data of scorpion sting were obtained from Hormozgan Health Center using the checklist of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) archive during the study period. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software. A total of 382 scorpions comprising of 9 species belonging to Buthidae (76%) and Hemiscorpiidae (24%) families were collected and identified as Mesobuthus phillipsi, Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta sistanensis, Compsobuthus persicus, Hemiscorpius acanthocercus, Orthochirus farzanpayi, H. acanthocercus, and Odontobuthos sp. The most abundant species in the study area was M. phillipsi. During 2015-2016, a total of 1221 scorpion sting cases including four deaths were recorded in Bashagard County, while most of the cases occurring during summer. The climate of the eastern regions of Hormozgan Province provides a suitable habitat for one of the deadliest genera of scorpions, i.e. Hemiscorpius. This genus is the main cause of death due to scorpion sting in these regions. It is thus necessary to design appropriate programs for the prevention and treatment of scorpion sting, including health education programs for both community members and healthcare personnel.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in riverside communities of the Cuiabá river watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3313
Author(s):  
Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ◽  
Álvaro Felipe de Lima Ruy Dias ◽  
Juliana Yuki Rodrigues ◽  
Mariana de Medeiros Torres ◽  
Janaína Marcela Assunção Rosa Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
River Watershed

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic zoonosis expanding in Brazil. Several municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso including those on the river Cuiabá have reported the incidence of both human and canine cases and the identification of sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. cruzi. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania chagasi in the urban areas, hence, we devised a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of the infection in the dogs of riverside communities on Cuiabá River watershed by parasitological (parasitic isolation in culture), serological, and molecular methods. Of the 248 surveyed dogs, 24 were positive in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a prevalence of 9.7%. The riverside communities located in the town of Santo Antonio do Leverger displayed a higher prevalence of the disease than the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dogs born in the communities had a 3.24-fold higher risk of acquiring the infection. Promastigote were isolated in the axenic culture from the bone marrow samples and intact skin. Further, DNA of Leishmania sp. was detected in the bone marrow samples, lymph nodes, leukocyte cover, and skin of only one examined dog. These samples were sequenced and they showed 99% homology to L. infantum. To conclude, we observed a higher prevalence of infection in Riverside communities of Santo Antonio do Leverger and the confirmation of autochthony in these areas justifies the surveillance actions to minimise the risk of transmission within the riverine community itself, besides its dissemination to other areas by tourism.

Severity and costs associated with hospitalization for dengue in public and private hospitals of Surat city, Gujarat, India, 2017–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viral R Bajwala ◽  
Denny John ◽  
T Daniel Rajasekar ◽  
Manoj V Murhekar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Dengue is major public health problem in India, especially in urban areas. We conducted a study to estimate the severity and costs of treatment among hospitalized dengue patients in Surat city, Gujarat, India. Methods We reviewed the medical records of dengue patients hospitalized in five tertiary care facilities (private [n=2], semi-government [n=2] and government [n=1]) between April 2017 and March 2018. We used the World Health Organization 2009 classification to classify the severity of dengue. A resource utilization approach was used to estimate the cost of illness in US dollars (US$) (inflation adjusted to 2018) from a quasi-societal perspective (excluding non-medical cost) for dengue hospitalization. Results Of the 732 hospitalized dengue patients, 44.7% had no warning symptoms, 39.5% had warning signs and 15.8% had severe dengue. The mean cost of hospitalization was US$86.9±170.7. The cost of hospitalization was 28.8 times higher in private hospitals compared with government hospitals. Consultant charges in private hospitals, laboratory investigations in semi-government hospitals and registration with admission charges in government hospitals accounted for 27.3%, 39.4% and 53% of the direct cost in these facilities, respectively. Conclusions A better triage system for hospitalization, subsidizing costs in the public sector and cost capping in the private sector can help to reduce the cost of hospitalization due to dengue so as to ensure affordability for larger portion of the society for universal health coverage.

scholarly journals SEANUTS: the nutritional status and dietary intakes of 0.5–12-year-old Thai children

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (S3) ◽  
pp. S36-S44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nipa Rojroongwasinkul ◽  
Kallaya Kijboonchoo ◽  
Wanphen Wimonpeerapattana ◽  
Sasiumphai Purttiponthanee ◽  
Uruwan Yamborisut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Serum Retinol

In the present study, we investigated nutritional status and health-related factors in a multistage cluster sample of 3119 Thai urban and rural children aged 0·5–12·9 years. In a subsample, blood samples were collected for the measurement of Hb, transferrin receptor, vitamin A and vitamin D concentrations. The prevalence of stunting and underweight was higher in rural children than in urban children, whereas the wasting rate was similar in both rural and urban areas. Among children aged 3·0–5·9 years, the prevalence of overweight was significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas and so was the obesity rate in children aged 6·0–12·9 years. Protein intakes of all age groups were relatively high in both the areas. Intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and vitamin C were significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The prevalence of anaemia in rural areas was twice as high as that in urban areas, particularly in infants and young children. However, the prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia was similar in both urban and rural areas. While the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (by serum retinol cut-off < 0·7 μmol/l) seemed to be very low, vitamin A insufficiency (by serum retinol cut-off < 1·05 μmol/l) was more prevalent (29·4–31·7 %) in both the areas. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency ranged between 27·7 and 45·6 % among the children. The present study indicates that the double burden of malnutrition is still a major public health problem in Thailand. Further studies need to explore the associated risk factors for these nutrient deficiencies. Effective strategies and actions are needed to tackle the nutritional problems in Thai children.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Pereira Spada ◽  
Diogo Tiago da Silva ◽  
Kennya Rozy Real Martins ◽  
Lílian Aparecida Colebrusco Rodas ◽  
Maria Luana Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
One Year

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, state of São Paulo. Blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in order to diagnose CVL. From these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for CVL and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural properties, which were positive for L. longipalpis. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) light traps were installed in 12 properties (one per property) and insects were caught on three consecutive days per month for one year. L. longipalpis was present on 100% of the rural properties visited, at least once during the twelve-month interval, totaling 64 males and 25 females. The insects were more numerous after the peak of the rain, but the association between prevalence of peridomestic vectors and the climatic data (precipitation, relative air humidity and temperature) and the occurrences of CVL among dogs on each rural property were not statistical significant (p <0.05). However, the occurrence of CVL cases in dogs and the presence of L. longipalpis indicate that more attention is necessairy for the control of this disease in the rural area studied.

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sandfly species from an American visceral leishmaniasis area in the Northern Rainforest region of Pernambuco State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosimery de Carvalho ◽  
Bruna Santos Lima ◽  
José Ferreira Marinho-Júnior ◽  
Fernando José da Silva ◽  
Hélio França Valença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

The aim of this study was to identify the fauna of phlebotomine sandflies in an area with incidence of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in São Vicente Férrer, a municipality (county) located in the northern Zona da Mata in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Sandfly captures were conducted monthly for four nights/month from December 2002 to November 2003, by means of manual captures (with a Shannon trap) and by CDC light traps. A total of 23,156 specimens of phlebotomines sandflies were collected in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest, houses, and animal shelters. Lutzomyia complexa was the most prevalent species, with a frequency of 62.5% (14,445/23,156), followed by Lutzomyia migonei, with 33.2% (7,677/23,156). No Lutzomyia longipalpis (the main vector of Leishmania chagasi in Brazil and the Americas) was found in the target area. Some specimens were dissected, but no Leishmania parasites were found.

scholarly journals Socio-cultural beliefs influence feeding practices of mothers and their children in Grand Popo, Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yrence Urielle Amoussou Lokossou ◽  
Ayuk Betrand Tambe ◽  
Colette Azandjèmè ◽  
Xikombiso Mbhenyane
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions

Abstract Background Malnutrition is a major public health problem. It contributes to the high death rate among children in developing countries despite the various advocacies of institutions such as WHO and FAO and many other organisations. More research needs to be done in order to contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study was to explore socio-cultural practices and their influence on feeding practices of mothers and their children in Grand Popo, Benin. Methods A qualitative research methodology was used with an inductive approach. A pretested discussion guide was used to conduct focus group discussions with participants in their local language. Four focus group discussions were held in 4 villages located in both the rural and the semi-urban areas with each focus group comprising seven to eight participants. The study protocol was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed and translated to English. The data was analysed following the Creswell data analysis steps. Results All the children were breastfed, and 56.1% of children under 6 months received breast milk exclusively. Children were introduced to family foods at 5 months with very low consumption of animal protein and fruits. Mothers and children had monotonous diets with high consumption of vegetables and maize-based meals. Food taboos, particularly during pregnancy, were revealed. Those cultural beliefs were still followed by some mothers, and food rich in nutrients were pushed aside. Conclusions There is a need for educational interventions to raise awareness of the negative impacts of some socio-cultural practices on the health of the mother and child.

scholarly journals Screening of osteoporosis using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound in a rural population of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Rishabh Gupta ◽  
Shavi Mahajan ◽  
Deepika Dewan ◽  
Rajat Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Prevalence Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, associated with substantial morbidity and socio-economic burden. The objective of the present study was to screen the general population for osteoporosis in a rural area of Jammu region. Methods: 3 screening camps were conducted at 6 monthly intervals between the time period 2015-2016, at the Accidental Hospital, Chowki Choura, which is a rural area of district Jammu, J&K. A total of 270 subjects in the age group 20 to 80 years were subjected to screening through BMD measurements using calcaneal QUS and they were analyzed on the basis of T-scores. Results: Out of 270 subjects, 120 were males and 150 were females. Among 120 males, 68 were in the age group of 20 - 49 years, and 52 were above 50 years. In the age group 20-49 years, 26 males (38.2%) had osteopenia, and 4 (5.9%) had osteoporosis. In males above 50 years of age, 35 (67.3%) had osteopenia and 6 (11.5%) had osteoporosis. Out of 150 females, 94 were in the age groups 20-49 years, and 56 were above 50 years of age. In the age group 20-49 years, 51 females (54.3%) had osteopenia and 12 (12.8%) had osteoporosis. In females above 50 years of age, 32 (57.1%) had osteopenia and 15 (26.8%) had osteoporosis. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of osteoporosis among screened population was 13.7%. It increased with age in both males and females; however the prevalence of osteoporosis was more among females as compared to males (18% vs. 8.3% respectively). 

scholarly journals Prevalence and outcome of anaemia among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospital in Visakhapatnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Radha Kumari Paladugu ◽  
Srinivas Jagath Pentakota ◽  
Sushma N.
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Study Population

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is now considered as a major public health problem, caused by iron deficiency. WHO has estimated that prevalence of anaemia in developed and developing countries in pregnant women is 14% in developed countries and 51 percent in developing countries and 65-75% in India. Various programmes regarding anaemia prophylaxis and maternal health have been implemented but still the prevalence of anaemia related complications among pregnant women continues to be high. Hence the present study was conducted to study the prevalence and pregnancy outcome as a result of anaemia in a tertiary care center in Visakhapatnam. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out from June 2016 to August 2016 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology among postnatal women in King George hospital, Visakhapatnam. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and information regarding age, socioeconomic status, parity, gestational age interval between pregnancies and outcome and complication of pregnancy were collected. Results: Mean age of study population is 22.4 years. Out of 100 women involved in the study 65 are from urban areas 29 from rural areas and 6 from tribal areas. Majority of the study population 66% were having HB% between 8-11% i.e. mild anaemia. When Outcome of pregnancy was seen in relation to anaemia majority of the women had live births (90%) followed by 7% IUDs and 2% still births. Conclusions: Majority of the women are in the age group of 20-24 years. Socioeconomic status is directly related to anaemic status of the women. Majority of the women had complication of puerperal sepsis. 

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