Critical points on egg production: causes, importance and incidence of eggshell breakage and defects

The occurrence of broken eggs directly depends on the quality of the shell. It is important to consider that the problem of broken eggs is not due to a single factor but a combination of factors. Shell defects, irregularities in shell shape, texture and surface are commonly observed during a regular egg laying cycle and the causes are varied. The incidence of downgraded eggs still represents an important source of economic loss for the egg industry due to products damage and need for further processing. It is possible to obtain significant reduction in the number of eggs lost due to the inferior quality of the shell attempting to an adequate nutrition, disease control, good management practices, and use of genetic lines with higher quality eggshell traits.

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Effects of some crop management practices on reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on Brassica napus

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854102760199213 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 381-386

Author(s):

Christopher Steel ◽

John Kirkegaard ◽

Rod McLeod

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Egg Production ◽

Management Practices ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Young Females ◽

Soil Temperatures

AbstractThe effects of seed treatments with pesticides, soil temperature at sowing, cutting of plants with and without glyphosate herbicide, root disruption and age of crop at inoculation on reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on Brassica napus were investigated. When inoculated at sowing, plants grown from fodder rape cv. Rangi seed treated with fenamiphos (0.35 g a.i. per 100 g) and from fodder swede cv. Highlander seed with a coating including imidacloprid had fewer galls than plants from seed untreated or treated with omethoate (0.7 g a.i. per 100 g). When nematode inoculation was delayed until 4 weeks after sowing, omethoate and the imadacloprid treatments had no effect while fenamiphos (0.7 g a.i. per 100 g seed) suppressed galling but also impaired seedling emergence and induced chlorosis. Green manure rape plants cvs Rangi and Humus transplanted into infested soil in the field in mid-autumn (soil temperature 17°C) remained nematode and gall-free, but tomato cv. Grosse Lisse plants were heavily galled. All three cultivars were gall-free when transplanted and grown in early winter (soil temperatures 8-14°C). Cutting off the tops of cv. Rangi plants at from 6 to 11 weeks after sowing and inoculation had no effect on egg production compared to that on intact plants. Predominant nematode stages in cut plants ranged from developing juveniles to egg-laying females. Application of glyphosate to freshly cut stems had no effect on egg production at any stage. Infesting soil with roots of cv. Rangi, finely chopped while nematodes in them were still juveniles, resulted in a low incidence of infection of bioassay tomato plants compared with infesting soil with rape roots chopped later, when females and females with eggs predominated. Young females in tomato roots laid eggs despite fine chopping of the roots. When cv. Rangi plants were inoculated at 3, 5 and 7 weeks after sowing, the 7-week-old plants were the least invaded and fewer eggs were produced on the 5 and 7-week-old plants than on the 3-week-old ones.

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Influence of grinding size of the main cereal of the diet on egg production and eggs quality of brown egg laying hens from 33 to 65 weeks of age

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps/pey098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 97 (7) ◽

pp. 2506-2515 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Herrera ◽

B. Saldaña ◽

L. Cámara ◽

J.D. Berrocoso ◽

G.G. Mateos

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Eggs Quality

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VETERINARY HYGIENIC EXAMI-NATION OF THE QUALITY OF CHICKENS EGGS WHEN USING THE FOOD ADDITIVE “PRINAROVSKAYA”

International bulletin of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.17238/issn2072-2419.2020.3.46 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

E.M. Belorusskaya ◽

◽

A.F. Kuznetsov ◽

A.J. Nechaev ◽

I.V. Ivanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Shell Mass ◽

Hatching Eggs ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of the studies was to conduct a veterinary-hygienic assessment of changes in the eggs productivity of laying hens, after the use of the “Prinarovskaya supplement of fish (DKR)” in their main diet, which is a homogeneous dry mass made from chilled river fish, by-products of fish processings, as well as grain products (wheat bran). The method of production of the additive in-cludes the following steps: grinding, cavita-tion heating and subsequent drying of the resulting mixture. The studied supplement contains a number of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, etc. The object of the study were laying hens of the LomannLsn-Classic breed at the age of 131 days. “Prinarovskaya DKR” were introduced into the diet of ex-perimental laying hens: of the 1st experi-mental group 8 g of “Prinarovskaya DKR” were introduced per 100 g of the main ration (RR); The 2nd experimental group - 6 g. DKR to main ration; 3rd experimental group - 4 g. DKR to main ration; the control group was fed only main ration - feed PK1-1G_1227 (GOST: R 51851-2001). A veteri-nary-hygienic assessment of the quality of eggs, obtained from laying hens, when feed-ing a new feed additive “Prinarovskaya” was carried out. We kept daily records of laid eggs by groups, the period of the beginning of oviposition. The egg production were calculated of the initial and middle laying hens , the egg production intensity for 120 days. To assess egg productivity, the weight of laid eggs, the egg mass for a certain peri-od of egg laying, and the feed costs per 10 laid eggs were determined. Organoleptic, physical, and chemical methods were used to evaluate egg quality. Egg mass is an important indicator of egg nutrition. GOST 31654-2012 "Food eggs. Technical conditions ”, as well as the requirements for chicken hatching eggs, the minimum weight of food and hatching eggs (45 g) is indicated, below which the imple-mentation and incubation of eggs is not rec-ommended [1]. In studies, the following indicators were taken into account: large and small diameter of eggs, egg density, egg shape index of laying hens of different groups. To assess the state of the internal contents of the egg after opening, the follow-ing indicators were taken into account: pro-tein mass, yolk mass, shell mass, egg vol-ume. An external examination of the eggs as-sessed the condition of the shell, the pres-ence of cracks, growths and depressions. The study indicates a positive effect of the feed additive "Prinarovskaya" on the egg produc-tivity of birds in all periods of egg laying

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Overview: prevalence and structure of metabolic diseases of laying chickens, their influence on egg quality and condition of young chickens

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet10401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (104) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

A. R. Shcherbatyy ◽

L. G. Slivinska

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Mineral Metabolism ◽

Gallstone Disease ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Comparative Review

The article analyzes and presents statistics on the number of laying hens in Ukraine, production, consumption and import of eggs for the last 5 years, the spread of metabolic diseases of laying hens on the basis of a review of literature sources. Metabolic disorders are the largest group of poultry diseases classified as metabolic diseases and cause significant economic losses. Hepatitis, hepatodystrophy, cirrhosis, liver abscesses, cholecystitis, and gallstone disease are diagnosed in laying hens as a result of impaired carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and mineral metabolism. With a lack or imbalance of calcium and phosphorus or D-hypovitaminosis, in chickens develop diseases such as osteoporosis and hypocalcemia, which reduce egg-laying, quality of hatching eggs and young poultry, and can lead to the death of embryos and adults. Hypovitaminosis (A, D, E) and microelementosis (Co, Cu, Zn, J) in poultry cause decreased immunity, disorders of hormonal system, growth, reproductive functions, egg production, dysfunction of internal organs and nervous system, contribute to the formation of defective eggs, development in embryo of alimentary diseases, which affects the hatchability and quality of young poultry. In view of this, the norms of feeding and keeping poultry are constantly being improved based on an in-depth study of these processes. The subject of this work was a comparative review of the results obtained by various authors on the most common metabolic diseases of laying hens, their impact on productive traits (laying), quality characteristics of eggs, embryogenesis, quality of young laying hens of modern high-yielding crosses. This review of literature sources can serve as a tool for determining the future direction of research, as well as an indicator of its practical application.

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Feeding time under performance and eggs quality of quails in production

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402018000100013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 136-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isabelle Bossolani Fernandez ◽

Lígia Fátima Lima Calixto ◽

Karoll Andrea Alfonso Torres-Cordido ◽

Marina Jorge de Lemos ◽

Cristina Kimie Togashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Coturnix Coturnix ◽

Randomized Design

SUMMARY In order to evaluate the performance and egg quality of quails on different time feeding, One hundred ninety two Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at 24 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design with two replications and twelve treatments eight birds each. The treatments consisted of two different times of feeding at 6h and 16h. The performance was evaluated by the feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (%), egg mass (g), feed conversion per egg mass (kg/kg ), feed conversion per dozen eggs (kg/dz) and viability (%). The egg quality was evaluated by the eggshell thickness (mm), percentage of albumen, yolk percentage and average egg weight (g). The feeding time at 16h favored the performance of Japanese quails at 26 and 34 wk of age considering egg production, egg mass and average egg weight. Thus, it is recommended to feed the quails at times that coincide with the highest egg laying intensity, which ranges from 16 to 19h.

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No evidence that selection for egg production persistency causes loss of bone quality in laying hens

Genetics Selection Evolution ◽

10.1186/s12711-021-00603-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ian C. Dunn ◽

Dirk-Jan De Koning ◽

Heather A. McCormack ◽

Robert H. Fleming ◽

Peter W. Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhode Island ◽

Bone Quality ◽

Egg Production ◽

Breaking Strength ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Egg Laying ◽

White Leghorn ◽

Medullary Bone ◽

Selection For

Abstract Background The physiological adaptations that have evolved for egg laying make hens susceptible to bone fractures and keel bone damage. In modern laying hen breeds, longer periods of egg laying could result in a greater risk of poor bone quality, and selection for increased egg production has frequently been stated to be a cause. However, the existing literature does not support this hypothesis. To test the hypothesis that egg production is associated with quality, breaking strength and density of bone, genetic correlations between these traits were estimated in White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red breeds. Genetic correlations of cortical and medullary bone material chemical properties with bone quality were also estimated, in order to identify methods to improve bone quality with appropriately targeted measurement of key traits. Results Estimates of heritability for bone quality traits were moderate (0.19–0.59) for both White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red breeds, except for the keel bone trait, which had a heritability estimate equal to zero. There was no evidence for genetic or phenotypic relationships between post-peak egg production and bone quality. In the White Leghorn breed, the estimate of the genetic correlation between pre-peak production/age at first egg and bone quality was significant and negative (− 0.7 to − 0.4). Estimates of heritability of thermogravimetric measurements of tibial medullary bone mineralisation were significant (0.18–0.41), as were estimates of their genetic correlations with tibia breaking strength and density (0.6–0.9). Conclusions The low genetic correlation of post-peak egg production with bone quality suggests that selection for increased persistency of egg production may not adversely affect bone quality. Onset of puberty and mineralisation of the medullary bone, which is a specialised adaptation for egg laying, were identified as important factors associated with the quality of the skeleton later during egg production. These are traits for which genetic, as well as environmental and management factors can positively impact the overall quality of the skeleton of laying hens.

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Pathology of severe urolithiasis in a flock of egg-laying hens

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.24070/bjvp.1983-0246.v14i1p40-45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45

Author(s):

Roselene Ecco ◽

◽

Marcelo Lopes ◽

Clarissa Fonseca ◽

Camila Amaral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Fibrous Tissue ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Renal Hypertrophy ◽

Compensatory Renal Hypertrophy ◽

History Of ◽

Macroscopic Findings

Fourteen, 31-week-old Lohmann white layers from a flock of 30,000 chickens had a history of apathy, and a drop in egg production. Clinical signs were observed in approximately 40% of the flock, and lasted for three months. Fourteen hens were euthanized for post-mortem examinations. Macroscopic findings included marked atrophy and loss of renal lobes along with compensatory renal hypertrophy of the contralateral lobe. Ureters were markedly dilated and filled with mucus and/or with molded white to yellow-grey uroliths that obliterated the lumen. At histopathology, the uroliths inside ureters and tubules were composed of concentrically arranged mineralized concretions, as well as urates associated with heterophilic infiltrations and epithelial hyperplasia. Renal parenchyma adjacent to obstructed ureters was compressed with tubules replaced by fibrous tissue. Multifocal interstitial lymphocytic nephritis, proteinuria and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were also found. Heterophilic and caseous ureteritis associated with numerous Gram-positive coccoid bacteria occurred in three chickens. Immunohistochemistry for avian coronavirus was negative. This negative result along with the case history indicated that water restriction was the most likely cause of mortality. This condition resulted in significant economic loss for this farmer.

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE IMMUNOFLOR COMPLEX PROBIOTIC PRODUCT ON THE EGG PRODUCTIVITY OF THE DEKALB WHITE CROSS OF LAYING CHICKEN

THE BULLETIN ◽

10.32014/2020.2518-1467.145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (387) ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

V. G. Semenov ◽

◽

I. A. Alekseev ◽

S. S. Kozak ◽

Kh. A. Aubakirov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Control Group ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Average Value ◽

Probiotic Product ◽

Probiotic Preparation

The quality of the received products directly depends on the state of the microflora of the gastroin-testinal tract that is reflected, in particular, on the egg productivity of laying hens. As a result, the use of biologically safe preparations, namely, probiotics, is becoming a priority in the poultry industry. This work aims to establish the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of the complex probiotic products Immunoflor in the diet of laying chickens of the Dekalb White Cross. Based on the comprehensive research, the feasibility of using the complex probiotic product Immunoflor in egg production technology to improve the egg-laying capacity and the quality of the obtained eggs of laying hens of the Dekalb White cross was scientifically substantiated and experimentally proven. Against the background of the use of this drug, it was found that the average daily egg-laying capacity in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups exceeded the control layers: on the 150th day - by 9.66% and 8.48%, on the 180th day - 8.8% and 5.04%, on the 210th day - 8.16% and 6.44%, on the 240th day –11.68% and 3.8%, 270th day – 7.72% and 4.84%, on the 300th day – 8.34% and 5.86%. Besides, the average daily egg mass in the 1 and 2 experimental groups was higher than in the control by 4.04 g and 3.1 g or 7.38% and 5.77%; on the 7th day of storage, the average value exceeded by 4.06 g and 3.1 g or 7.53% and 5.87%; on the 14th day - by 4.32 g and 3.16 g, or 8.18% and 6.12%, respectively. It was found that on the 7th day of storage, the mass loss in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was 1.50% and 1.56%, which is lower than in the control (1.66%). On the 14th day of storage, the mass loss in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was 1.95% and 2.36%, which is also lower than in the control (2.63%). With the use of the probiotic preparation, the loss in egg mass decreases. On the 7th day of storage, the mass loss in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was 1.50% and 1.56%, which is lower than in the control group (1.66%). On the 14th day of storage, the mass loss in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was 1.95% and 2.36%, which is also lower than in the control (2.63%).

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