scholarly journals Biometric study of the width, length and depth of the root trunk groove of human lower second molars

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza Marin de los RIOS ◽  
Francisco Emílio PUSTIGLIONI ◽  
Giuseppe Alexandre ROMITO
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Maximum Depth ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Trunk Region ◽  
Lingual Surface ◽  
Apical Direction ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Root Surfaces

One hundred human lower second molars, 51 from the left side and 49 from the right side, extracted due to their poor clinical and radiographic conditions were utilized in this study. Using a Contracer apparatus, the profiles of the buccal and lingual root surfaces of these teeth were traced on a millimeter-scaled paper. The profiles were registered from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), millimeter by millimeter, up to the entrance of the furcation. The width, length and depth of the root trunk groove, as well as the length of the root trunk, were studied. After statistical analysis (p < 0.05) it was possible to conclude that: a) the mean width of the root trunk groove on the buccal surface was 3.6 mm and, on the lingual surface, 3.3 mm; b) the mean depth of the root trunk groove on the buccal surface was 0.88 mm and, on the lingual surface, 0.77 mm; c) the mean length of the root trunk groove on the buccal surface was 2.93 mm and, on the lingual surface, 3.61 mm. The mean length of the root trunk on the buccal surface was 3.09 mm and, on the lingual surface, 3.91 mm (p < 0.025). There was a coincidence between the length of the root trunk and that of its groove in 90.2% of the buccal surfaces of the samples from the left side, and in 77.5% of the samples from the right side; on the lingual surface, the coincidence occurred in 77.5% of the teeth from the left side, and on 88.3% of the teeth from the right side. This work revealed that there is a concavity on the root trunk region of the lower second molar, whose depth and width were greater on the buccal surface and whose length was greater on the lingual surface. The depth of the root trunk groove increased in the apical direction, with maximum depth in the last millimeter of the root trunk. The root trunk was longer on the lingual surface than it was on the buccal surface.

scholarly journals Radiographic Measurement of Cochlear in Sudanese Population using High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Bushara ◽  
Mohamed Yousef ◽  
Ikhlas Abdelaziz ◽  
Mogahid Zidan ◽  
Dalia Bilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cochlear Nerve ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

This study aimed to determine the measurements of the cochlea among healthy subjects and hearing deafness subjects using a High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT). A total of 230 temporal bone HRCT cases were retrospectively investigated in the period spanning from 2011 to 2015. Three 64-slice units were used to examine patients with clinical complaints of hearing loss conditions at three Radiology departments in Khartoum, Sudan. For the control group (A) healthy subjects, the mean width of the right and left cochlear were 5.61±0.40 mm and 5.56±0.58 mm, the height were 3.56±0.36 mm and 3.54±0.36 mm, the basal turn width were 1.87±0.19 mm and 1.88 ±0.18 mm, the width of the cochlear nerve canal were 2.02±1.23 and 1.93±0.20, cochlear nerve density was 279.41±159.02 and 306.84±336.9 HU respectively. However, for the experimental group (B), the mean width of the right and left cochlear width were 5.38±0.46 mm and 5.34±0.30 mm, the height were 3.53±0.25 mm and 3.49±0.28mm, the basal turn width were 1.76±0.13 mm, and 1.79±0.13 mm, the width of the cochlear nerve canal were 1.75±0.18mm and 1.73±0.18mm, and cochlear nerve density were 232.84±316.82 and 196.58±230.05 HU, respectively. The study found there was a significant difference in cochlea’s measurement between the two groups with a p-value < 0.05. This study had established baseline measurements for the cochlear for the healthy Sudanese population. Furthermore, it found that HRCT of the temporal bone was the best for investigation of the cochlear and could provide a guide for the clinicians to manage congenital hearing loss.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in Laryngeal Volumetric Measurements Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Latif Hamdan ◽  
Elie Khalifee ◽  
Georges Ziade ◽  
Sahar Semaan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Volumetric Measurements

The objective of this study is to investigate the dimensional and volumetric measurements in the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle in men and women using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The hypothesis is that there is a gender-related difference in these measurements. A retrospective chart review of 76 patients who underwent MRI of the neck at the American University of Beirut Medical Center was conducted. The dimension and volume of the right and left TA muscle were measured on axial and coronal planes short tau inversion recovery images. Male and female groups were compared with respect to demographic data and MRI findings using parametric and nonparametric tests. The mean length of the thyro-arytenoid muscle in males was larger than that in females on the right (males 2.44 [0.29] cm vs females 1.70 [0.22] cm) and on the left (males 2.50 [0.28] cm vs females 1.72 [0.24] cm) reaching statistical significance ( P < .001). The mean width of the thyro-arytenoid muscle in males was larger than that in females on the right (males 0.68 [0.13] cm vs females 0.59 [0.11] cm) and on the left (males 0.68 [0.12] cm vs females 0.57 [0.12] cm) reaching statistical significance ( P < .001). The mean height of the thyro-arytenoid muscle in males was larger than that in females on the right (males 1.05 [0.21] cm vs females 0.95 [0.12] cm) and on the left (males 1.05 [0.21] cm vs females 0.95 [0.12] cm) reaching statistical significance ( P < .01 on the right and P < .05 on the left). The volume of the thyroarytenoid muscle in males was larger than that in females on the right (males 0.86 [0.25] mL vs females 0.48 [0.15] mL) and on the left (males 0.89 [0.27] mL vs females 0.48 [0.17] mL) reaching statistical significance ( P < .001). The results of this investigation clearly indicate a significant difference in these measurements between men and women.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Axis Vertebra in Subjects of Indian Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasveen Kaur ◽  
Kamaljeet Kaur ◽  
Poonam Singh ◽  
Ajay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Process ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Axis Vertebra ◽  
Graph Paper ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The axis vertebra, exhibits complex and extensive variability in the morphology and there are vital neurovascular structures in its proximity. Knowledge of this variability is important for neurosurgeons, orthopaedicians, otorhynologists and other physicians who in everyday practice are in contact with disorders of the spine and their consequences.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim was to evaluate various morphometric dimensions of axis vertebrae and to compare with the available data.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> 50 dried human axis vertebrae of Indian origin, available in the Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana were studied. Various dimensions were taken with vernier calipers, metric scale and graph paper. The dimensions were measured in millimetres and statistically analysed with paired t-test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean of maximum anteroposterior diameter (max.APD) and maximum transverse diameter (max.TD) of Superior Articular Facet (SAF) was measured as 17.42mm±1.73 and 15.31mm±1.44 on the right side, 17.64mm±1.51 and 15.17mm±1.48 on left side. The mean Distance from Lateral most edge of SAF to Midline was measured as 22.56mm ± 2.37 and 22.40mm ± 2.16 on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean Distance from Tip of Transverse Process to Midline was 26.45mm ± 2.85 on the right and 26.03mm ± 2.64 on the left side. The mean Height of Dens was measured as 13.83mm ± 1.52, mean Width of Dens as 9.57mm ± 0.85. Width of Pedicle was measured as 10.52mm ± 1.99 and 10.61mm ± 1.67on right and left sides, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The knowledge of these dimensions can provide useful information for safe planning of osseous fixation.</p>

Morphometric Anatomy of the Posterior Aspect of the Atlas and the Vertebral Artery Groove in Relation to Lateral Mass Screw Placement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selda Aksoy ◽  
Bulent Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Screw Placement ◽  
Atlantoaxial Instability ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Lateral Mass ◽  
Lateral Mass Screw ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Atlantoaxial instability is an important disorder that causes serious symptoms such as difficulties in walking, limited neck mobility, sensory deficits, etc. Atlantal lateral mass screw fixation is a surgical technique that has gained important recognition and popularity. Because accurate drilling area for screw placement is of utmost importance for a successful surgery, we aimed to investigate morphometry of especially the posterior part of C1. Methods One hundred and fifty-eight human adult C1 dried vertebrae were obtained. Measurements were performed directly on dry atlas vertebrae, and all parameters were measured by using a digital caliper accurate to 0.01 mm for linear measurements. Results The mean distance between the tip of the posterior arch and the medial inner edge of the groove was found to be 10.59 ± 2.26 and 10.49 ± 2.20 mm on the right and left, respectively. The mean distance between the tip of the posterior arch and the anterolateral outer edge of the groove was 21.27 ± 2.28 mm (right: 20.96 ± 2.22 mm; left: 21.32 ± 2.27 mm). The mean height of the screw entry zone on the right and left sides, respectively, were 3.86 ± 0.81 and 3.84 ± 0.77 mm. The mean width of the screw entry zone on both sides was 13.15 ± 1.17 and 13.25 ± 1.3 mm. Conclusion Our result provided the literature with a detailed database for the morphometry of C1, especially in relation to the vertebral artery groove. We believe that the data in the present study can help surgeons to adopt a more accurate approach in terms of accurate lateral mass screw placement in atlantoaxial instability.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Evaluation of Foramen Ovale in Adult Dry Skulls of the Mysuru-based Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 014-016
Author(s):  
Vidya Srikantaiah ◽  
Hemamalini Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Percutaneous Trigeminal Rhizotomy ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Introduction The greater wing of sphenoid presents various foramina, of which the foramen ovale is one important foramen through which advanced surgical therapeutic and diagnostic procedures related to the middle cranial fossa are performed. Materials and Methods A total of 40 dried adult skulls of unknown gender and age, obtained from the Department of Anatomy of the JSS medical College, Mysuru, Kamakata, India. The length and the width of the foramen ovale were measured using digital sliding calipers (tiny deal 150 mm SS digital caliper with LCD display, Kristeel-Shimwa industries, Bombay, India). Results The mean length of the foramen ovale was 0.745 ± 0.31 cm on the right side (RS), and 0.68 ± 0.15 cm on the left side (LS). The mean width was 0.6 ± 0.17 cm on the RS, and 0.56 ± 0.14 cm on the LS. Conclusion The knowledge of variations in the length and breadth of the foramen ovale is of immense importance in neurosurgery during various invasive surgical procedures, such as percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy, and in the biopsy of cavernous sinus tumors and of Meckel cave lesions.

Placement of C-7 intralaminar screws: a quantitative anatomical and morphometric evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Şenoğlu ◽  
Fuat Özkan ◽  
Mustafa Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Preoperative Ct ◽  
Axial Ct ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Object Crossing laminar screws at C-7 have been recently described as a method for the fixation of C-7. In this study the authors measured locations on axial CT scans to determine the feasibility of placing a screw in the C-7 lamina, and they evaluated the reliability of the surface of the dorsal arch of C-7 as a landmark for determining the optimal site of screw entry. Methods A total of 207 axial CT scans of C-7 spines were evaluated, and 4 critical measurements were determined for screw entry points, trajectories, and lengths for placement of intralaminar screws. Results The mean width of the right C-7 lamina was 5.9 mm (range 4.2–9.3 mm). The mean width of the left C-7 lamina was 6.0 mm (range 4.2–10.2 mm). The laminar width was too small (< 5.5 mm) in 37.7% of cases to accommodate a 3.5-mm diameter screw, given the desire for at least 1 mm of play on each side of the screw. Conclusions These measurements provide guidelines for operating on the posterior aspect of C-7 and enhance the confidence of the surgeon. Viewing the anatomy of the C-7 laminae in detail through preoperative CT scanning can greatly assist the surgeon in choosing the fixation method. The width of the C-7 lamina is sufficient for intralaminar screw placement in more than 60% of patients.

Anterior Loop of the Inferior Alveolar Canal: A Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography Study of 494 Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Sahman ◽  
Yildiray Sisman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Cbct Image ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Canal ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

The aim of this study was to use cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images of patients to assess the prevalence of different types, especially anterior loop, of the mental portion of the inferior alveolar canal and to evaluate the anterior loop lengths. CBCT images of 494 patients providing inclusion criteria were examined by 2 oral radiologists. Sagittal, axial, and multiplanar reformatted images were used to detect the type of mental portion of the inferior alveolar canal. The anterior loop length was measured in the respective sections of each CBCT image. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 15, and t tests were used for statistical analysis. Of the 494 patients, 217 anterior loops were detected in 141 (28.5%) patients. The mean anterior loop lengths for the right side and the left side were 2.19 ± 1 mm and 2.08 ± 0.89 mm, respectively. The difference between males and females in the mean anterior loop length was statistically significant for both sides (Right: P &lt; .05; Left: P &lt; .05). A presurgical CBCT image examination is necessary prior to implant insertion to reveal the presence of anterior loop and to detect actual anterior loop length.

A study of the effect of egg separation on hatching time and of the source of clicking sounds in the embryo of the domestic chicken

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. McCoshen ◽  
Robert P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Domestic Chicken ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
The Right

The phenomenon of synchronized hatching was studied in a two-part investigation using White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red embryos and chicks. Experiments were conducted to test for the effect of separating eggs on hatching time and to locate the source of clicking sounds emitted by embryos during the final hours of incubation.A total of 25 eggs separated by no less than 4 in. and five clutches, each with 10 eggs in contact, were incubated and their hatching times compared. There was no difference in the mean hatch times of separated versus contact eggs. Separated eggs, however, were more variable in their hatch times than contact eggs, a statistical analysis showing a significant difference at the 0.05 level.Recordings were made of audible activity produced by embryos from their 17th day of incubation, and of hatched chicks up to 2 days after hatching. Clicking sounds from within the embryos were heard from 2 to 7 h after pipping (first puncture of the egg shell) had occurred. The source of the clicking was associated primarily with the right abdominal air sac and possibly with the right posterior thoracic air sac of the respiratory system. Other observations are described.

Discriminating Between Adult Mandibles of Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Oryzaephilus mercator Using Setal Brush Length

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-943
Author(s):  
Mark M Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristic ◽  
Oryzaephilus Mercator ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract The setal brush was identified as a diagnostic characteristic which can be used to distinguish between the mandibles of adult Oryzaephilus surinamensis and O. mercator. The right and left setal brushes of 50 specimens from each species were measured. Statistical analysis showed that the mean brush lengths of the 2 species were significantly different (ρ = 0.0001). A demarcation value was established to distinguish between the mandibles. By using this value it is possible to reliably classify the mandibles of O. surinamensis and O. mercator. A mandible with setal brush &gt;0.0296 mm would be classified as O. mercator, a mandible with a setal brush &lt;0.0296 mm would be classified as O. surinamensis.

scholarly journals A comparison of two methods of logMAR visual acuity data scoring for statistical analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Oduntan ◽  
K. P. Mashige ◽  
M. Raliavhegwa-Makhado
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of logMAR visual acuity (VA) scoring. The two methods are referred to as letter scoring (method 1) and line scoring (method 2). The two methods were applied to VA data obtained from one hundred and forty (N=140) children with oculocutaneous albinism. Descriptive, correlation andregression statistics were then used to analyze the data.  Also, where applicable, the Bland and Altman analysis was used to compare sets of data from the two methods.  The right and left eyes data were included in the study, but because the findings were similar in both eyes, only the results for the right eyes are presented in this paper.  For method 1, the mean unaided VA (mean UAOD1) = 0.39 ±0.15 logMAR. The mean aided (mean ADOD1) VA = 0.50 ± 0.16 logMAR.  For method 2, the mean unaided (mean UAOD2) VA = 0.71 ± 0.15 logMAR, while the mean aided VA (mean ADOD2) = 0.60 ± 0.16 logMAR. The range and mean values of the improvement in VA for both methods were the same. The unaided VAs (UAOD1, UAOD2) and aided (ADOD1, ADOD2) for methods 1 and 2 correlated negatively (Unaided, r = –1, p<0.05), (Aided, r = –1, p<0.05).  The improvement in VA (differences between the unaided and aided VA values) (DOD1 and DOD2) were positively correlated (r = +1, p <0.05). The Bland and Altman analyses showed that the VA improvement (unaided – aided VA values) (DOD1 and DOD2) were similar for the two methods. Findings indicated that only the improvement in VA could be compared when different scoring methods are used. Therefore the scoring method used in any VA research project should be stated in the publication so that appropriate comparisons could be made by other researchers.

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