scholarly journals Seasonal diet shift in a Tetragonopterinae (Oateichthyes, Characidae) from the Ubatiba river, RJ, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mazzoni ◽  
C. F. Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Feeding Resources ◽  
Important Shift ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Omnivorous Diet

In the present study, we describe feeding habits of Deuterodon sp. from the Ubatiba River and explore if diet changes according to a temporal cycle of dry and wet seasons. We observed that Deuterodon sp. fed on an extremely high diversity of items ranging from organic matter, sediment (sand plus quartz parts), algae, seeds and leaves to animal organisms, such as, crustaceans, oligochaets and several life stages of terrestrial and aquatic insects, indicating an omnivorous diet. An important shift in the use of feeding resources was also registered; animal and vegetal items had alternated importance between both seasons. Allochthonous vs. autochthonous items analysis showed predominance of allochthonous items during dry season while no significant differences were registered during wet season.

scholarly journals Diets and trophic guilds of aquatic insects in Molino River, La Guajira, Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Granados-Martínez ◽  
Bladimir Zúñiga-Céspedes ◽  
Julio Acuña-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Temperate Streams ◽  
Neotropical Streams ◽  
Basal Resources ◽  
First Time

Aquatic insects are considered a key component for stream food webs because of their contribution to the flow of energy from basal resources to the top predators. For this reason, the study of trophic guilds on aquatic insects is necessary to understand the transformation of energy and matter in stream ecosystems. The study of trophic guilds on aquatic insects has been widely documented in temperate streams. In contrast, little is known about feeding habits and trophic guilds in Neotropical streams. However, several lines of evidence indicate that aquatic insects in the Neotropical region are generally omnivores and that the Fine Particulate Organic Matter (FPOM) is the main food item. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the diets and the trophic guilds of aquatic insects in an unexplored region of northern Colombia (Molino River, La Guajira). Aquatic insects were sampled using a Surber net, covering the different kind of substrates over a 100 m reach. Samples were sorted and identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. We analyzed 250 guts of aquatic insects belonging to six orders, nine families, and 10 genera (<em>Leptonema</em>, <em>Chimarra</em>, <em>Anacroneuria</em>, <em>Nectopsyche</em>, <em>Tabanus</em>, <em>Simulium</em>, <em>Pseudodisersus</em>, <em>Corydalus</em>, <em>Camelobaetidius</em>, and <em>Baetodes</em>). We found that FPOM, algae, and animal tissue were the most important food items in the gut content of the aquatic insects at the Molino River. Our results suggest that aquatic insects in the Molino River are generally detritivores, highlighting the importance of the dead organic matter in Neotropical streams. We reported -for the first time- the trophic guilds of the genera <em>Nectopsyche </em>and <em>Pseudodisersus</em>,<em> </em>which were categorized as herbivorous. Our results suggest that aquatic insects in the Molino River exploit a variety of food resources and emphasize the importance of the study of feeding habits on aquatic insects in unexplored Neotropical streams.

scholarly journals Early life stages of fish and the relationships with zooplankton in a tropical Brazilian reservoir: Lake Monte Alegre

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MESCHIATTI ◽  
M. S. ARCIFA
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Gill Nets

For evaluating the trophic relationship between early life stages of fish and zooplankton in Lake Monte Alegre, fish distribution and feeding habits have been studied in areas with and without macrophytes. In the first of these areas, 356 specimens belonging to 8 species, mostly juveniles, were caught by a sieve. Another 35 specimens, belonging to 4 species, were caught by gill nets and seine in areas lacking macrophytes. Their diets were composed of aquatic insects, microcrustaceans, rotifers, detritus, and other aquatic invertebrates. Microcrustacean prey were mainly littoral or benthic dwellers, found in the highest proportion in specimens of 7-20 mm SL. Most fish species have parental care, which could explain the absence of planktonic larvae. Early life stages of fish do not exert a predation pressure on the lake zooplankton.

scholarly journals Larval Fish Community in the Northwestern Iberian Upwelling System during the Summer Period

Oceans ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-722
Author(s):  
Sonia Rábade Uberos ◽  
Alba Ruth Vergara Castaño ◽  
Rosario Domínguez-Petit ◽  
Fran Saborido-Rey
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
Larval Production ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Northwestern Iberian Peninsula

The Galician shelf (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) is a highly dynamic area with an important multi-species fisheries industry that exploits resources from several habitats, characterized by being not only highly diverse, rich, and productive but also seasonally and interannually variable. Early life stages of different species are distributed throughout the year, with fluctuating abundances and community composition. Likewise, the influence of environmental factors and processes on larval production and survival remains unknown. Sampling was carried out in July 2012, and all the larvae obtained were identified to establish the specific composition of the community in a summer upwelling scenario. The results show no zonation in the species distribution, a consequence of the mixing effects of the upwelling and eddies, with high diversity but low abundance, which render in a slight predominance of a few species. Due to the dependence of planktonic populations on upwelling events, which was not highly pronounced in 2012, we cannot conclude that this was a typical conformation of the Galician summer larval fish community, but it is a first approach to comprehend the community composition.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and functional characterization of cultivable bacteria from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal water samples reveals high diversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriram N. Rajpathak ◽  
Yugandhara M. Patil ◽  
Roumik Banerjee ◽  
Asmita M. Khedkar ◽  
Pawan G. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Cultivable Bacteria ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Oxygen Minimum

AbstractThe oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BOB) is rich in organic matter and is an unusual niche. Bacteria present in the oceanic water play an important role in ecology since they are responsible for decomposing, mineralizing of organic matter and in elemental cycling like nitrogen, sulfur, phosphate. This study focuses on culturing bacteria from oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) and non-OMZ regions and their phylogenetic as well as the functional characterization. Genotypic characterization of the isolates using amplified rDNA based 16SrRNA sequencing grouped them into various phylogenetic groups such as alpha-proteobacteria, gamma-proteobacteria and unaffiliated bacteria. The cultivable bacterial assemblages encountered belonged to the genus Halomonas, Marinobacter, Idiomarina, Pshyctobacter and Pseudoalteromonas. Among the enzymatic activities, carbohydrate utilization activity was most predominant (100%) and microorganisms possessed amylase, cellulase, xylanase and chitinase. A large proportion of these bacteria (60%) were observed to be hydrocarbon consuming and many were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and streptomycin. The high diversity and high percentage of extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities along with hydrocarbon degradation activity of the culturable bacteria reflects their important ecological role in oceanic biogeochemical cycling. Further assessment confirmed the presence of nitrogen reduction capability in these cultivable bacteria which highlights their importance in oceanic geochemical cycling.

scholarly journals Feeding habits of Chironomid larvae (Insecta: Diptera) from a stream in the Floresta da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Henriques-Oliveira ◽  
J. L. Nessimian ◽  
L. F. M. Dorvillé
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Main Food Source

Chironomids larvae are frequently one of the most abundant and diverse groups of insects in several kinds of aquatic environments. Also, they play a major role in the aquatic food webs, representing a major link among producers and secondary consumers. This work investigates the feeding behavior of the chironomid larvae present in the Rio da Fazenda, situated in the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between August 1994 and May 1995. Algae, fungi, pollen, leaf and wood fragments, animal remains, detritus and silt were the main gut contents found in the larvae studied. The main food item ingested by the larvae was detritus, except for the Stenochironomus whose main food source was leaf and wood fragments. Tanypodinae exhibited a large quantity of animal remains of several kinds in the diet. During the period studied it was observed that the diet of 16 genera (out of 24 studied) varied. Tanypodinae had mainly coarse particulate organic matter (> 1 mm) in the gut contents, while Chironominae and Orthocladiinae had fine particulate organic matter (< 1 mm).

Effects of river ice break‐up on organic‐matter dynamics and feeding ecology of aquatic insects

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-491
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Blackadar ◽  
Colden V. Baxter ◽  
John M. Davis ◽  
Hannah E. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Organic Matter Dynamics ◽  
Break Up

Feeding habits of the burrowing shrimp Alpheus macellarius

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Palomar ◽  
M.A. Juinio-Meñez ◽  
I. Karplus
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Sea Grass ◽  
Deposit Feeding

The diet and feeding behaviour of the burrowing shrimp Alpheusmacellarius (Decapoda: Alpheidae) in sea grass beds in the Philippines were evaluated in the present study through field and laboratory activities. Sediment organic matter and sea grass appear to be important food sources for the shrimp based on the combined results of field surveys, gut content, stable isotope (δ13C) and sediment C content analyses. There was a significant positive correlation between organic matter content in the sediment and shrimp densities. In terms of behaviour, observations under controlled set-ups detected marked trends in duration and frequency of feeding. Feeding bouts became longer and more recurrent as the days progressed. Periodicity was exhibited with burrowing generally performed in the morning and feeding in the afternoon. A deposit-feeding mode was predominant in tank conditions as demonstrated by the shrimp's behaviour and burrow features.

Preliminary evidence of spawning phenologies of freshwater fish in a wet–dry tropical river: the importance of both wet and dry seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. King ◽  
C. Doidge ◽  
D. Buckle ◽  
K. J. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Fish Spawning

Wet–dry tropical rivers are characterised by highly predictable, yet highly variable, seasonal flow regimes. The wet season is often regarded as an important period of ecosystem productivity, dispersal and connectivity, and also for freshwater-fish spawning and recruitment. However, few studies have examined fish spawning across hydrological seasons in these rivers. We conducted a pilot study to determine (1) the temporal occurrence (and hence spawning period), and (2) the suitability of standard sampling methods of young fish in the Daly River, Northern Territory, Australia. Fish spawned throughout the year, with spawning phenologies varying substantially among species. The highest diversity and abundance of young fish occurred during the wet season, although early life stages of a high number of species were also present in the dry-season and transition periods. A high number of species spawned all year round, whereas other species had very discrete spawning periods. Three of the four sampling methods tested were successful in catching early life stages and should be employed in future studies. The present study highlighted that all hydrological seasons in the wet–dry tropics are important for fish spawning, and has important implications for future research on the drivers of spawning patterns, and for predicting the effects of flow modifications on freshwater fishes of the wet–dry tropics.

scholarly journals Feeding ecology of the crab Munida subrugosa (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) in the Beagle Channel, Argentina

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carolina Romero ◽  
Gustavo A. Lovrich ◽  
Federico Tapella ◽  
Sven Thatje
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Beagle Channel ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Munida subrugosa is the most abundant galatheid crab species in the Beagle Channel (55°S 68°W) off Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Samples of crabs and the epibenthic community were taken on a monthly basis at two different depth strata (<40 m and >70 m), by means of epibenthic trawling from 1998 to 1999. Stomach contents from 1582 crabs were analysed, out of which only 2% had empty stomachs. The quantity of food in the stomach contents was clearly seasonal and similar at both depths. The organic matter varied throughout the year and between both depths, being significantly higher in summer/spring than in autumn/winter. Munida subrugosa shows two different and simultaneous feeding habits: (1) as a predator M. subrugosa feeds on crustaceans, algae, and polychaetes; and (2) as a deposit feeder M. subrugosa consumes particulate organic matter and organisms associated with the superficial layer of the sediment. The composition of the diet of Munida subrugosa was similar for both years, and independent of depth, sex or season. Munida subrugosa selected crustaceans only in autumn and winter, whereas most food items were found according to their availability in the habitat.

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