scholarly journals Growth evaluation and water relations of Erythrina velutina seedlings in response to drought stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizamar Ciríaco da Silva ◽  
Marcos F. A. Silva ◽  
Rejane J. M. C. Nogueira ◽  
Manoel B. Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Erythrina velutina Willd. (common name: mulungu) is a deciduous, heliophyte found in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. To evaluate the growth and water relations of mulungu seedlings in soils with different degrees of moisture content, an experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using four water treatments (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the field capacity- FC). Predawn (Ψpdw) and midday leaf water potential (Ψmdw), relative water content (RWC), plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), dry matter in different organs, biomass partitioning and root:shoot ratio were evaluated. No differences were detected between treatments for Ψpdw after 30 days; however, at midday, control plants and those under 75% FC underwent a greater reduction in Ψmdw than plants cultivated with 50% and 25% FC. After 90 days, only the plants under 50% FC exhibited a reduction in Ψmdw. RWC was reduced at midday, but there were no differences between treatments. Nearly all growth parameters were reduced due to water deficit, especially in the plants with 25% FC, as determined by the number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, LA, SLA and dry mass in several organs. LAR and root:shoot ratio were not affected. Mulungu seedlings seem to have developed rusticity to overcome intermittent droughts with no change in the pattern of dry matter distribution. The maintenance of turgor pressure seems to be more associated to a reduction in the growth ratio than a reduction in leaf water potential.

scholarly journals Saline-sodic soil and organic matter addition in the cultivation of the colored cotton ‘BRS Topázio’

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Magaly Morgana Lopes da Costa ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Francisco Wesley Alves Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Number Of Leaves

he prevailing climate of the semiarid region in the northeastern region of Brazil along with inadequate irrigation management, have caused the formation of halomorphic soils, which have hampered agricultural production and environmental sustainability of this region. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence and initial growth of the cotton cultivar ‘BRS Topázio’ cultivated in soil with different levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and concentrations of organic matter (OM) in a greenhouse from April to June 2014. The experiment was set in a randomized block design in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, and the treatments consisted of five ESP levels (13.6, 22.4, 30.1, 39.0, and 48.0) and four OM concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15% based on soil volume). Soils with an ESP ranging from 13.6 to 48.0 did not interfere with the emergence and number of leaves of cotton at 10 days after seeding (DAS). At 44 DAS, in the period preceding the flowering stage, ESPs ranging from 27 to 30 promoted greater plant height, stem diameter, and shoot fresh and dry matter. Increasing OM increased the emergence percentage and emergence speed index and, at 44 DAS, increased plant height, stem diameter, and shoot fresh and dry matter. Increasing OM mitigated the effect of the exchangeable sodium up to an ESP of 30 on the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area at 10 DAS, and up to mean ESPs of 28.5 and 34.0 for the number of leaves and leaf area, respectively, at 44 DAS.

scholarly journals Field Performance Evaluation of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) to the Application of Different Organic Wastes under Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
S. A. Adeosun ◽  
A. O. Togun
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Number Of Branches

Aims: To assess the field establishment of two tea cultivars under Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH) and Poultry Manure (PM). Study Design: Randomized complete block design arranged in Split-plots (cultivars as main plots and organic amendments as sub-plots) with four replications. Place and Duration of Study: Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria stations in Ibadan and Owena, Southwest Nigeria between May 2016 and November 2017 (Rainy and dry seasons of 2016; Rainy season of 2017).  Methodology: Milled CPH and cured PM were applied each at the rates of 150 and 300 kg Nha-1 to established C143 and C318 tea cultivars on the field; unfertilized tea cultivars served as control. Data on number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, plant height and stem diameter were collected on monthly basis; while dry matter was assessed at 15 months after transplanting. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and correlation at α.05. Results: The C143 performed better than C318 and 150 kg Nha-1 of CPH and PM enhanced the vegetative growth and dry matter of tea better than 300 kg Nha-1 in Ibadan and Owena. Cultivar 143 was significantly (P=0.05) better than cultivar 318 in number of leaves, number of branches and stem diameter in Ibadan; and in number of leaves and leaf area in Owena. CPH at 150 kg Nha-1 increased number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, plant height and total dry matter by 135.11, 88.19, 346.12, 65.33 and 428.11% at Ibadan; and by 349.09, 245.41, 376.89, 80.89 and 231.49% at Owena, compared to control. On the interaction, tea cultivar 143 that received 150 kg Nha-1 CPH produced significantly (P=0.05) higher number of leaves, leaf area and total dry matter at Ibadan and Owena. Leaf area was positively correlated with number of leaves (r=0.87) in Ibadan and stem diameter (r=0.80) in Owena. Conclusion: CPH at 150 kg Nha-1 enhanced the growth and dry matter content of C143 tea established on the field in Ibadan and Owena, and is therefore recommended for tea cultivation in Southwest of Nigeria.

Yield and components of seed yield of indeterminate narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) subjected to transient water deficit

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Palta ◽  
Z. Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Pod Number

The effect of transient water deficits on seed yield and components of seed yield of narrow-leafed lupin was measured in plants grown in a controlled environment under simulated field conditions. Lupins were grown in large columns of soil and transient water deficits were induced at pod set on the mainstem and first-order apical branches by withholding water for a 5-day period. Soil water content, leaf water potential, turgor pressure, and leaf conductance declined similarly during each period of transient water deficit. Differences in these parameters were apparent 2 days after water was withheld, and over the 5-day period, leaf water potential declined to −1.3 MPa and leaf conductance fell to 44% of the well-watered controls. Total dry matter per plant was reduced by the transient water deficit treatments. The reduction resulted from less accumulation of dry matter on the first, second, and third order apical branches. Leaf area on these branches was also reduced by abscission of the leaves after the water deficit was released. Seed yield per plant after each period of transient water deficit was reduced by 30–33%, relative to the well-watered controls. The reduction was largely due to a reduction in seed yield on the branches, mainly because they had fewer pods and seeds per pod. Seed dry weight and harvest index were not significantly affected by each period of transient water deficit. We conclude that differences in final seed yield between the well- watered controls and the transient water deficit treatments resulted from differences in pod number and seeds per pod. Low dry matter accumulation and reduction in leaf area on the first- and second-order apical branches under the transient water deficit were associated with the differences. Whereas the differences in pod number generated differences in the size of the reproductive sink, the differences in leaf area generated differences in the source capacity for assimilates for pod set and pod-filling.

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF COCONUT (Cocos nucifera): A REVIEW

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. V. CARR
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Drought Mitigation

SUMMARYThe results of research on the water relations and irrigation needs of coconut are collated and summarized in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to drought mitigation and irrigation practices. Background information on the centres of origin and production of coconut and on crop development processes is followed by reviews of plant water relations, crop water use and water productivity, including drought mitigation. The majority of the recent research published in the international literature has been conducted in Brazil, Kerala (South India) and Sri Lanka, and by CIRAD (France) in association with local research organizations in a number of countries, including the Ivory Coast. The unique vegetative structure of the palm (stem and leaves) together with the long interval between flower initiation and the harvesting of the mature fruit (44 months) mean that causal links between environmental factors (especially water) are difficult to establish. The stomata play an important role in controlling water loss, whilst the leaf water potential is a sensitive indicator of plant water status. Both stomatal conductance and leaf water potential are negatively correlated with the saturation deficit of the air. Although roots extend to depths >2 m and laterally >3 m, the density of roots is greatest in the top 0–1.0 m soil, and laterally within 1.0–1.5 m of the trunk. In general, dwarf cultivars are more susceptible to drought than tall ones. Methods of screening for drought tolerance based on physiological traits have been proposed. The best estimates of the actual water use (ETc) of mature palms indicate representative rates of about 3 mm d−1. Reported values for the crop coefficient (Kc) are variable but suggest that 0.7 is a reasonable estimate. Although the sensitivity of coconut to drought is well recognized, there is a limited amount of reliable data on actual yield responses to irrigation although annual yield increases (50%) of 20–40 nuts palm−1 (4–12 kg copra, cultivar dependent) have been reported. These are only realized in the third and subsequent years after the introduction of irrigation applied at a rate equivalent to about 2 mm d−1 (or 100 l palm−1 d−1) at intervals of up to one week. Irrigation increases female flower production and reduces premature nut fall. Basin irrigation, micro-sprinklers and drip irrigation are all suitable methods of applying water. Recommended methods of drought mitigation include the burial of husks in trenches adjacent to the plant, mulching and the application of common salt (chloride ions). An international approach to addressing the need for more information on water productivity is recommended.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa Dan Pupuk Kompos Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Hairin Juanda ◽  
Tutik Nugrahini ◽  
Mahdalena Mahdalena
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Effect of NASA Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Compost Fertilizer on Kenaf Plant Growth (Hibiscus cannabinus L). This study aims to determine the effect of NASA POC, compost fertilizer and the interaction of NASA POC and compost fertilizer on kenaf plants. This research was carried out at East Borneo Samarinda Indonesia. with a time of ± 4 months, starting from June to September 2016. The design of the study uses factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consists of 2 factors. The first factor is the administration of NASA POC consisting of 4 levels, namely: j0: Control (without treatment), j1: POC with a concentration of 10 ml / liter of water, j2: POC with a concentration of 15 ml / liter of water, j3: POC with a concentration of 20 ml / liter of water. The second factor is Compost fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely: k0: Without the provision of Compost Fertilizer, k1: Composting 500 gram / polybag, k2: Composting Fertilizer 700 grams / polybag, k3: Composting 800 grams / polybag. From the analysis of variance showed that the effect of giving NASA POC (J), compost (K) and the interaction of NASA POC and compost (JK) did not affect the parameters of plant height 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP, stem diameter 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP, number of leaves 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP, leaf area 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP. 

Divergence in plant water-use strategies in semiarid woody species

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael H. Nolan ◽  
Kendal A. Fairweather ◽  
Tonantzin Tarin ◽  
Nadia S. Santini ◽  
James Cleverly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status

Partitioning of water resources amongst plant species within a single climate envelope is possible if the species differ in key hydraulic traits. We examined 11 bivariate trait relationships across nine woody species found in the Ti-Tree basin of central Australia. We found that species with limited access to soil moisture, evidenced by low pre-dawn leaf water potential, displayed anisohydric behaviour (e.g. large seasonal fluctuations in minimum leaf water potential), had greater sapwood density and lower osmotic potential at full turgor. Osmotic potential at full turgor was positively correlated with the leaf water potential at turgor loss, which was, in turn, positively correlated with the water potential at incipient stomatal closure. We also observed divergent behaviour in two species of Mulga, a complex of closely related Acacia species which range from tall shrubs to low trees and dominate large areas of arid and semiarid Australia. These Mulga species had much lower minimum leaf water potentials and lower specific leaf area compared with the other seven species. Finally, one species, Hakea macrocarpa A.Cunn ex.R.Br., had traits that may allow it to tolerate seasonal dryness (through possession of small specific leaf area and cavitation resistant xylem) despite exhibiting cellular water relations that were similar to groundwater-dependent species. We conclude that traits related to water transport and leaf water status differ across species that experience differences in soil water availability and that this enables a diversity of species to exist in this low rainfall environment.

scholarly journals IMPROVING QUALITY OF CONTAINER-GROWN PEPPER TRANSPLANTS THROUGH FERTILITY MANIPULATION

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 428d-428
Author(s):  
Darbie M. Granberry ◽  
William Terry Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Optimum Height ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Southern Georgia ◽  
Soil Mix ◽  
Intact Root ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

During summer in southern Georgia, greenhouses often reach or exceed 49C. Subsequently, transplants grown in these houses tend to exceed optimum height. To determine effects of N and P fertility levels on pepper (Capsicum annuum) transplant growth, applications of nutrient solutions with 58, 12, and 0 ppm N and 114, 57, and 0 ppm P205 were applied to recently emerged Capistrano bell pepper beginning 12 Aug. 1994. Plants were grown in polystyrene flats using a commercial noncharged artificial soil mix. Nutrient solutions were applied as needed to maintain adequate moisture until 31 Aug., except for two treatments that received only water after 22 Aug. Data were taken on 22 and 31 Aug. With 58 ppm N, 0 P decreased plant height, leaf count, leaf area, and plant weight. Higher N increased plant height, ratings of intact root plugs and washed roots, stem diameter, leaf count, leaf area, and plant weight. At 12 ppm N, P had no significant effect on transplant growth. Withholding fertilizer the final week reduced plant height, ratings of intact root plugs, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and plant weight.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA DOSIS KOMPOS KULIT BUAH KAKAO DAN DOLOMIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) DI MEDIA ULTISOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imanuel Jhon Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings ◽  
Range Test

The aim of research to determine the effect of compost main pod husks and dolomite as well as their interaction on the growth of cocoa seedlings in media ultisol. Research conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau from November 2015 until February 2016. Research in the form of factorial experiment using completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor pod husks compost comprises four levels (0, 75, 100 and 125 g / polybag) and the second factor dolomite consists of three levels (0, 10, and 20 g / polybag), each combination treatment was repeated 3 times. Parameters measured were plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, and leaf area. Each parameter the observed data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and test of Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level. The results showed the effect of compost pod husks dose of 125 g / polybag significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area while dolomite dose of 20 g / polybag no real effect except leaf area compared with no treatment. Interaction pod husks compost dose of 100 g / polybag and dolomite dose of 20 g / polybag increase stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area significantly compared without compost pod husks and dolomite but less tangible than other combinations.

scholarly journals Pengaruh konsentrasi zpt giberalin dan lama penyinaran terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Dian Rifalasna ◽  
Sumarsono Sumarsono ◽  
Budi Adi Kristanto
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT               This study aims to examine the effect of giberalin ZPT concentration and duration of irradiation on the growth and yield of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) cut flowers. The study took place in February - June 2018. The study was conducted in Mendongan Village, Sumowono District, Semarang Regency, Central Java.  ABSTRACT  This study aimed to examine the effect of giberalin concentration and duration of irradiation on the growth and yield of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) cut flowers. The study took place in February - June 2018. The study was conducted in Mendongan Village, Sumowono District, Semarang Regency, Central Java. The design used in the study was a Completely Randomized Factorial 4x4 Design. The first factor was gibberallin treatment consisted of G1: GA 0 ppm, G2: GA 10 ppm, G3: GA 20 ppm, G4: GA 30 ppm. The second factor was the irradiation time consisted of R1: 1 hour irradiation time, R2: 2 hours irradiation time, R3: 3 hours irradiation time, and R4: 4 hours irradiation time. Parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, number of flowers, flower diameter, flowering age and flower harvesting age.The results showed that the treatment of giberalin concentration significantly affected the parameters of the amount of interest. While the irradiation treatment time significantly affected the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, flower diameter, stem diameter, age of flowering, and leaf area. Keywords: Giberalin, Chrysanthemum, Irradiation Period ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi ZPT giberalin dan lama penyinaran terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bunga potong tanaman krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium). Penelitian berlangsung pada bulan Februari - Juni 2018. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Mendongan, Kecamatan Sumowono, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Percobaan Faktorial 4x4 Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Faktor pertama yaitu perlakuan giberalin sebanyak 4 taraf yaitu G1 : GA 0 ppm, G2 : GA 10 ppm, G3 : GA 20 ppm, G4 : GA 30 ppm. Faktor kedua adalah lama penyinaran dengan 4 taraf yaitu R1 : lama penyinaran 1 jam, R2 : lama penyinaran 2 jam, R3 : lama penyinaran 3 jam, dan R4 : lama penyinaran 4 jam. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, luas daun, jumlah bunga, diameter bunga, umur berbunga dan umur panen bunga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi giberalin berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan jumlah bunga yang bertambah banyak. Sedangkan lama penyinaran berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter bunga, diameter batang, umur berbunga, dan luas daun. Kata Kunci :Giberalin, Krisan, Lama Penyinaran

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