Evaluation of periodontal condition and risk in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis

ABSTRACT Objective To establish a profile of periodontal conditions in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis and their periodontal risk. Methods We included 115 patients on hemodialysis. Clinical periodontal parameters assessed were: plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment level. Patients were classified according to presence/absence and severity of periodontal disease and periodontal risk. Results In 107 dentate patients (93%) the plaque index was 1.53±0.78, the gingival index was 0.95±0.85, the probing depth was 2.2±0.6mm and the clinical attachment level was 3.18±1.75mm. We observed that 1 patient (0.94%) did not have periodontal disease, 55 patients (51.40%) had slight, 28 (26.17%) moderate and 23 (21.49%) severe periodontal disease. Among 107 patients, 37 (34.58%) had low risk, 35 (32.71%) moderate risk and 35 (32.71%) high risk. Patients with severe periodontal disease showed 104.5 more chance of high risk compared with low risk individuals (odds ratio: 104.5; 95%CI: 10.7-1017.2; p<0.0001). Conclusion Most of patients with chronic renal disease presented periodontal disease, indicating the presence of chronic inflammatory and infection process that may influence in systemic conditions. A prevention and interventionist approach in this population is needed, especially to emphasize the importance of oral health. The periodontal risk assessment is a useful tool to create individualized periodontal therapies and to improve general health condition.

Download Full-text

Systemic use of metronidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a pilot study using clinical, microbiological, and enzymatic evaluation

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242004000200006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 121-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Solange Alonso Vergani ◽

Emílio Barbosa e Silva ◽

Adriana Helena Vinholis ◽

Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Group I ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Chronic Periodontal Disease ◽

Attachment Level ◽

Systemic Metronidazole

The aim of the present parallel, double-blind investigation was to evaluate the effect of using systemic metronidazole alone or associated to scaling and root planing on adult chronic periodontal disease, monitored at baseline, 30, 60 and 90 days. Twelve subjects were divided into three groups: the first group (Group I - 22 sites) was submitted to scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; the second group (Group II - 30 sites) received SRP and 250 mg of metronidazole (3 times a day for 10 days), and the third group (Group III - 31 sites) was treated with metronidazole alone. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding upon probing (BP). Microbiological (BANA test) and enzymatic (Pocket Watch) tests were also performed. All three proposed treatments produced significant improvements in clinical conditions of subjects, from baseline, 30, 60 and 90-day period, except for clinical attachment level. The results obtained by microbiological and enzymatic tests did not show statistical differences among the groups for the 90-day period (r = 0.7924 and r = 0.7757, respectively). In relation to clinical parameters, statistical differences among groups were observed only for the gingival index (p = 0.0261) between Groups I and II, and probing depth (p = 0.0124) between Group I and the others. We conclude that the use of systemic metronidazole did not produce additional effects on the microbiological conditions of these patients with chronic periodontal disease.

Download Full-text

Aspectos clínicos, microbiológicos e tratamento periodontal em pacientes fumantes portadores de doença periodontal crônica: revisão da literatura

Revista Brasileira de Odontologia ◽

10.18363/rbo.v73n4.p.325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 325

Author(s):

Gabriela Alessandra Da C. Galhardo Camargo ◽

Mariana Gouvea Latini Abreu ◽

Renata Dos Santos ◽

Marcio Alves Crespo ◽

Leticia De Faria Wenderoscky

Keyword(s):

Gingival Recession ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Attachment Level

Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate, through literature review, clinical aspects (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, gingival recession and clinical attachment level) and microbiological (qualitative and quantitative presence of periodontal pathogens) in smokers patients and the response to periodontal therapy. Material and Methods: it was selected scientific articles published between the years 1978 and 2014. We were selected scientific articles from MEDLINE, PUBMED and LILACS databases. Results: there are controversies between tobacco and clinical and microbiological parameters. Conclusion: based on the evaluated studies we can conclude that there are significant clinical and microbiological differences in smoking patients and impaired response to periodontal therapy.

Download Full-text

Are Teeth Close to the Cleft More Susceptible to Periodontal Disease?

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/07-226.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 161-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga de Almeida ◽

Marly Kimie Sonohara Gonzalez ◽

Sebastião Luiz Aguiar Greghi ◽

Paulo César Rodrigues Conti ◽

Luiz Fernando Pegoraro

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Craniofacial Anomalies ◽

Arithmetic Means ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Attachment Level

Objective: To evaluate whether teeth close to the cleft area present higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease than teeth in other regions. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo. Patients: There were 400 individuals with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate, aged 15 to 49 years, without any previous periodontal treatment. Main Outcome Measures: All clinical parameters were evaluated in six sites for each tooth. The arithmetic means were calculated for each sextant. Results: Of the sextants, 86.75% presented means of probing depth smaller than or equal to 3 mm. No sextant exhibited means of probing depth greater than or equal to 6 mm. There was a statistically significant difference (p < .001) in probing depth according to age, types of cleft, and sextant; 95.87% of sextants presented mean attachment levels smaller than or equal to 3 mm. The sextant with cleft did not present higher means of probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and gingival index. There was gingival bleeding in 99.08% of the sample and plaque in 97.40%. The type of cleft was not an important factor influencing the prevalence of periodontal disease. Age seems to be an important factor influencing the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease for all aspects investigated. Conclusions: Periodontal disease in individuals with clefts occurred in a similar manner as observed in other populations. The presence of the cleft does not seem to increase the prevalence of the disease.

Download Full-text

Treatment of periodontal disease using xanthan based chlorhexidine gel

Bioinformation ◽

10.6026/97320630017326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 326-330

Author(s):

Kumar Manish ◽

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Gi Bleeding ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Group A ◽

Microbial Analysis ◽

Group B ◽

Attachment Level ◽

Chlorhexidine Gel

People of all ages are suffering from periodontal disease. It causes indirect damage in the oral cavity. It is of interest to evaluate the efficacy of xanthan-based chlorhexidine gel (Xan-CHX) in patients with mild-severe chronic periodontitis. Five patients with 60 sites were divided in two groups. Group A (treated with SRP) and group B (treated with Chlosite i.e., SRP + CHL). The recorded clinical parameters were Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Bleeding index (BI), and Clinical attachment Level (CAL) with sub gingival plaque subjected to microbial analysis. Significant reduction was observed in both groups. However, group B (treated with Chlosite i.e., SRP + CHL) showed statistically significant improvement on above mentioned parameters as compared to group A. Data suggest that in the treatment of periodontal disease (viz. PI, GI, BI and CAL) combination of SRP and Chlosite showed added benefits over only SRP.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the effect of smokeless tobacco on periodontal health and oral hygiene status

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1708696 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 07 (01) ◽

pp. 052-056

Author(s):

Madhura Ramnath ◽

Nina Shenoy ◽

Reema M. Rao ◽

Roshni Jaiswal

Keyword(s):

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Number Of Teeth ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Study Population ◽

Attachment Level

Abstract Background and objectives: Studies on effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) use on the periodontium are limited and have, received less attention. The aim of the present split mouth study is to evaluate the periodontal parameters and oral hygiene status of sites associated with smokeless tobacco (ST) placement and compares the corresponding parameters on the contralateral site, where smokeless tobacco is not placed (NST). Methods: Study population: 25 subjects were selected from A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore. Written informed consent was taken from all the participants. Oral cavity of each subject was divided into two sites Smokeless tobacco (ST) site and Non-smokeless tobacco (NST) site.Screening examination included: Clinical examination of ST keratosis: the location, size, and specific teeth adjacent to the ST keratosis were recorded. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Gingival Index. Periodontal parameters-Probing depth (PD), Clinical attachment level, total number of teeth present in the mouth and number of teeth with attrition were recorded. Results: Of the 25 subjects, mean OHI-S and gingival index was 2.76 and 1.36 respectively. Mean clinical attachment level was 2.78 (p- <0.001), number of teeth with recession and attrition was 3.36 and 3.04 respectively, all in favour of the ST site. Interpretation and Conclusion: The smokeless tobacco site showed significantly greater gingival recession, attachment loss and periodontal deterioration when compared to nonsmokeless tobacco site.

Download Full-text

Role of Interleukin- 34 together with Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kB ligand and Osteoprotegrin levels in Periodontal Disease

10.53350/pjmhs211571521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 1521-1522

Author(s):

Noor Ul Amin ◽

I. Saleem Qureshi ◽

Sana Naeem ◽

S. Hassan Jan ◽

Kamal Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Control Group ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Disease Group ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Attachment Level

Aim: To compare the levels and relative ratios of Interleukin-34, osteoprotegrin, and factor kB ligand in the crevicular fluid of individuals with periodontal disease. Study design & setting: Randomized Clinical Trial, Frontier Medical And Dental College, Abbotabad Methodology: We enrolled 15 healthy subjects (Group I), 15 patients with chronic periodontal disease (Group II) and 15 patients with aggressive periodontal disease (Group III). At baseline and six weeks after NSPT, crevicular fluid and clinical measures were made. The GCF IL-34, factor kB ligand, and osteoprotegrin levels were measured by using ELISA and their relative ratios were computed. Result: Group II and III had significantly higher crevicular fluid IL-34 and factor kB ligand levels than the Control group (I), although crevicular fluid with osteoprotegrin levels was significantly decreased (P<0.05). GCF, IL-34, and RANKL levels reduced in Groups II and III six weeks after NSPT, although OPG concentrations increased statistically (P<0.05). Significantly positive association was observed between IL-34 and factor kB ligand, clinical attachment level, and gingival index, but not with osteoprotegrin. Conclusion: Gingival crevicular fluid IL-34 levels were elevated in individuals with periodontal disease and lowered during non surgical intervention, and its levels correlated positively with the factor kB ligand and osteoprotegrin ratios, clinical attachment level, and gingival index. Keywords: Periodontitis, IL-34, osteoprotegrin

Download Full-text

Inpatient Evaluation of Periodontal, Esthetic and Inflammatory Parameters around Dental Implants and Natural Teeth

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1277 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 90-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Güliz N Güncü ◽

Gülüzar Büyüktepe ◽

Sezen B AÕkin ◽

Kamer Klllnç ◽

Celal Tümer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Inflammatory Parameters ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Natural Teeth ◽

Fixed Prosthesis ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Attachment Level

ABSTRACT Aim The use of endosseous dental implants (DI) has become a successful treatment alternative. However, providing periimplant tissue health and achieving a natural esthetic look are important topics in this treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate periodontal and esthetic parameters around DI and natural teeth (NT) and also to analyze myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF). Materials and methods Twenty DI supported fixed prosthesis and contralateral 20 NT were enrolled to the present study. Clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival bleeding time index and gingival index) were recorded and GCF/PISF samples were obtained from mesial (mesiobuccal and mesiolingual) and distal (distobuccal and distolingual) sites of DI and NT. MPO levels were spectrophotometrically determined. Additionally clinical photographs were obtained and esthetical evaluations were performed by using Jemt papilla index. The parameters belong to DI and NT were compared and correlations were evaluated using statistical analysis. Results A total of 40 samples were evaluated. No statistically significant differences were detected between groups in all periodontal parameters and MPO levels from mesial and distal sites. Jemt papilla index scores were slightly higher in NT however, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Total PES score were similiar in DI and NT groups. Significant correlations were detected between MPO and gingival index values as expected. Clinical significance Dental implants are satisfactory treatments, they provide patient esthetic natural looking, phonetic and masticatory functions. How to cite this article Güncü GN, Büyüktepe G, AÕkin SB, KlllnH K, Tümer C, Tözüm TF. Inpatient Evaluation of Periodontal Esthetic and Inflammatory Parameters around Dental Implants and Natural Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):90-95.

Download Full-text

Chronic Periodontal Disease May Influence the Pulp Sensitivity Response: Clinical Evaluation in Consecutive Patients

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.5402/2012/246875 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Elizangela Partata Zuza ◽

Ana Luiza Vanzato Carrareto ◽

Ana Emília Farias Pontes ◽

Marcelo Brunozzi ◽

Juliana Rico Pires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Clinical Response ◽

Test Data ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Single Root ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Chronic Periodontal Disease ◽

Attachment Level

Purpose. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical response of the pulp in teeth with chronic periodontitis. Methods. Consecutive patients who had been admitted to the Clinics of Periodontology and fulfilled the criteria of inclusion were enrolled from January to December 2007. Ninety-eight single-root teeth from 27 patients with chronic periodontitis were evaluated clinically with regard to clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and gingival recession (REC). After periodontal measurements, Pulpal Sensitivity (PS) was evaluated with the use of a cooling stimulus test. Data was analyzed with Student’s t test and contingency C coefficient. Results. Teeth that responded positively to PS test presented lower values of CAL (7.8 ± 2.8 mm), PD (5.0 ± 2.3 mm), and REC (2.8 ± 1.8 mm) in comparison to those that responded negatively (CAL = 12.0 ± 2.2 mm; PD = 7.9 ± 1.6 mm; REC = 4.1 ± 2.4 mm) (P<0.01, Student’s t test). In addition, significant correlations were observed between PS and periodontal parameters. Conclusions. Within the limits of this study, it could be suggested that the progression of periodontitis may significantly influence the negative pulpal response.

Download Full-text

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERIODONTITIS AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v70i6.3070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1830-33

Author(s):

Muhammad Sharjeel ◽

Khurram Ataullah ◽

Zubair Ahmed ◽

Myra Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Clinical Measurements ◽

Attachment Level ◽

Control Study

Objective: To evaluate association between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Department of Periodontology, Fatima MemorialHospital, Lahore, from Jul 2016 to Jan 2017. Methodology: A total of 140 patients divided into 2 groups i.e., cases & controls (70 in each group) were included the study. Periodontal examination was carried out by a WHO periodontal probe and clinical measurements of periodontal conditions including Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Probing Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded. A single periodontology resident took all the said measurements.Results: Patients ranged between 20-45 years of age. Mean age of the patients was 31.37 ± 5.07 years and 31.57 ± 4.27 years in cases and controls, respectively. In cases periodontitis was found in 52 patients (74.3%) while 37patients (52.9%) were having periodontitis in control group. There was an association between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (odds ratio 2.58). Conclusion: In conclusion, periodontitis in pregnancyis found to increase the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus compared to women without periodontitis.

Download Full-text