scholarly journals Wernicke's encephalopathy with chorea: Neuroimaging findings

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivago S. Sabatini ◽  
Gustavo Leopold Schutz-Pereira ◽  
Fabrício Feltrin ◽  
Hélio Afonso Ghizone Teive ◽  
Carlos Henrique Ferreira Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sleep Alterations

ABSTRACT We present a case report of motor and cognitive disorders in a 36-year-old woman with a history of twelve years of heavy alcohol abuse. The patient presented depressive symptoms over the course of one year after a loss in the family, evolving with ataxia, bradykinesia and choreiform movements. Progressive cognitive decline, sleep alterations and myalgia were also reported during the course of disease evolution. Physical examination revealed spastic paraparesis with fixed flexion of the hips and knees with important pain upon extension of these joints. Initial investigation suggested the diagnosis of thiamine deficiency by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Hereditary Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and multiple sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Cabrera-Gómez ◽  
N Echazabal-Santana ◽  
Y Real-González ◽  
K Romero García ◽  
Manuel Junior Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Csf Oligoclonal Bands

The revision of MEDLINE from 1966 to 2003 did not report any association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and Melkersson—Rosenthal syndrome (MRS). This is a case report of a 51-year-old woman, with history of four recurrent Bell’s palsies. In 1999 she developed a right facial paralysis due to a supranuclear pyramidal lesion with right monoparesis. The family history showed five relatives with recurrent Bell’s paralysis and plicata tongue. Physical examination: right Bell’s paralysis, left supranuclear facial paralysis, furrowed tongue, right hemiparesis with pallor of the optic disks. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the typical lesions of MS and CSF oligoclonal bands. This is the first observation of a patient with hereditary MRS and MS. The link between both diseases is discussed.

De novo convulsive status epilepticus in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with dalfampridine

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Panicucci ◽  
Mikael Cohen ◽  
Veronique Bourg ◽  
Fanny Rocher ◽  
Pierre Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
History Of Epilepsy

Background: Dalfampridine extended release (DAL) is a broad-spectrum voltage-gated potassium channel blocker that is indicated in multiple sclerosis to improve the nerve conduction of demyelinated axons. Seizures are a known side effect of DAL, which is contraindicated in patients with a history of epilepsy. Objective: Three cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) with de novo convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) probably related to dalfampridine administration are described. Methods: No patients had a history of seizures or renal impairment. Biological tests were normal. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse cortical and subcortical atrophy without active inflammatory lesions. Results: All three patients presented with CSE that was attributed to DAL and so was discontinued. Conclusion: These case reports illustrate that, aside from seizures, de novo CSE is a potential complication of MS patients treated with DAL.

scholarly journals Homonymous Superior Quadrantanopia due to Erdheim-Chester Disease with Asymptomatic Pituitary Involvement

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roaa Ridha Amer ◽  
Sara Mohammed Qubaiban ◽  
Eman Abdulkarim Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Empty Sella ◽  
Erdheim Chester Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
One Year ◽  
Erdheim Chester ◽  
Chester Disease

Polyostotic sclerosing histiocytosis, also known as Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), is a rare form of non-Langerhans histiocytosis. ECD has wide clinical spectrums which mainly affect skeletal, neurological, dermatological, retroperitoneal, cardiac, and pulmonary manifestations. Here we describe a case of ECD in a 45-year-old female who presented initially with bilateral knee pain and homonymous superior quadrantanopia progressed to ophthalmoplegia and complete visual loss of the left eye over a period of one year. Plain X-ray of both knees showed bilateral patchy sclerosis of the distal femur and upper parts of the tibiae. Initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral enhancing masses in the temporal lobes anterior to the temporal horns, thickening of the pituitary stalk, partially empty sella, and involvement of the left cavernous sinus one year later. Our case is a peculiar case of ECD initially presented with unilateral homonymous superior quadrantanopia due to involvement of the visual apparatus in the mesial temporal lobe which progressed to unilateral ophthalmoplegia and total visual loss secondary to involvement of the cavernous sinus. Thus, the diagnosis of ECD should be kept in mind in the presence of bilateral bone sclerotic lesions.

Parahippocampal Corpora Amylacea

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. E1206-E1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor J. Abel ◽  
Adam O. Hebb ◽  
C. Dirk Keene ◽  
Donald E. Born ◽  
Daniel L. Silbergeld
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Corpora Amylacea ◽  
Hypoxic Injury ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract OBJECTIVE Corpora amylacea (CA) normally accumulate within perivascular, subpial, and subependymal astrocytic processes. CA are associated with a number of conditions including normal aging, hippocampal sclerosis associated with temporal lobe epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lafora-type progressive myoclonic epilepsy, and adult polyglucosan body disease. Reports of massive localized accumulation of CA in the brain outside of these conditions are rare. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 49-year-old woman, with a long-standing history of migraine headaches, presented to her primary care provider for increased headache duration. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left parahippocampal lesion, suggestive of low-grade glioma. INTERVENTION Given the MRI suggestive of left parahippocampal glioma, left-sided frontotemporal craniotomy was performed for resection of the lesion. Specimens obtained during the operation revealed focal high-density accumulation of CA with no evidence of neoplasm, ischemia, or hypoxic injury. CONCLUSION This case illustrates the possibility that localized high-density CA accumulation can present as an intrinsic lesion on brain MRI. CA should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with brain MRI suggestive of nonenhancing space-occupying lesions.

scholarly journals Cutaneous Metastasis in a Previously Known Case of Ovarian Dysgerminoma: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farokh Seilanian Toosi ◽  
Malihe Hasanzadeh ◽  
Mona Maftouh ◽  
Ahmadreza Tavassoli
Keyword(s):  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Cutaneous Metastasis ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Surgical Incision ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ovarian Dysgerminoma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Cutaneous metastasis is an uncommon manifestation that mostly occurs in patients with previous gastrointestinal or gynecological malignancies. Local recurrence usually can be seen in surgical incisions. Dysgerminomas are rare ovarian tumors that usually have local invasions, but metastases are infrequent. Here, we described a case of dysgerminoma and cutaneous metastasis in the surgical incision. Case Presentation: The patient was a 39-year-old woman previously known as ovarian dysgerminoma, who had undergone surgery one year ago. Ultrasound examination a year after surgery showed a 35 × 33 millimeters hypoechoic solid tumor in the left ovary and another 3 masses with similar echo pattern and vascularity were found in the surgical incision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were compatible with cutaneous metastasis of pervious dysgerminoma. Pathologic evaluation and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed dysgerminoma's skin metastasis. She received chemotherapy due to the recurrence of malignancy. Conclusions: Local recurrence and metastases (even in the skin) should be kept in mind and the clinician must examine the surgical site skin in patients with a history of malignancy.

scholarly journals Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome: A case Report in a patient presenting with drug-resistant epilepsy and pseudoseizures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Schmidt dos Reis Matos Figueiredo ◽  
Thiago Oliveira Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cerebral Hemiatrophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Context: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson (DDM) syndrome is a rare neurological condition, first described in 1933. Characteristics include cerebral hemiatrophy, contralateral hemiparesis, seizures, and cognitive dysfunction, combined into different degrees and patterns. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to perform diagnosis throughout its specific findings. Case Report: A eighteen-year-old female presented to our service with a history of cognitive dysfunction and seizures since early childhood, which persistence even with adequate use of antiepileptic drugs. During Investigation were found signs and symptoms compatible with DDM syndrome, and evidence of pseudoseizures captured in a video electroencephalography monitoring. Conclusion: DDM syndrome is a rare condition that must be part of differential diagnosis in patients with seizures and cerebral hemiatrophy. Management is based on adequate control of seizures and other comorbidities.

scholarly journals Ocular flutter as presenting manifestation of pediatric MOG antibody–associated demyelination: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianthi Breza ◽  
Nikoletta Smyrni ◽  
Georgios Koutsis ◽  
Evangelos Anagnostou ◽  
John Tzartos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ocular Flutter ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Csf Oligoclonal Bands

A 13-year-old girl presented with a 5-day history of oscillopsia. On examination, ocular flutter and mild cerebellar signs were found. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed four periventricular and subcortical non-enhancing lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands were negative. Neuroblastoma or other malignancies were not found. She responded well to a corticosteroid–intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combination and remained symptom-free for 3 years until presenting again with isolated ocular flutter. Brain MRI at this time remained atypical for classic multiple sclerosis (MS) with a predominance of juxtacortical demyelinating lesions. CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands. Serum myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies were present. Ocular flutter can be the presenting feature of MOG antibody–associated pediatric demyelination.

scholarly journals Hirayama disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul T Tayade ◽  
Sushilkumar K Kale ◽  
Arvind Pandey ◽  
Shriprakash Kalantri
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Hirayama Disease ◽  
Dural Sac ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cervical Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
One Year ◽  
Spine Radiographs

ABSTRACTA 17-year-old male, who gave up his favorite sport cricket and started playing football, presented with one-year history of slowly progressive atrophic weakness of forearms and hands. Neurological examination showed weak and wasted arms, forearms and hand but no evidence of pyramidal tract, spinothalmic tract and posterior column lesions. Plain cervical spine radiographs showed no abnormal fi ndings. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed asymmetric cord atrophy; images obtained with neck fl exed showed the anterior shifting of the posterior wall of the lower cervical dural sac resulting in cord compression. These fi ndings suggest Hirayama disease, a kind of cervical myelopathy related to the fl exion movements of the neck.

scholarly journals Case Report: PRES-Like Syndrome With Reversible Cortical Blindness Associated With Essential Thrombocythemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Yuanfeng Miao ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Zeyin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Essential Thrombocythemia ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cortical Blindness ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Occipital Lobes

Background: There are few reported cases of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) combined with essential thrombocythemia (ET). We report a case of PRES-like syndrome in ET.Case Report: A 60-year-old man with a history of hypertension and thrombocythemia presented with progressive visual loss after waking up; and neurological examination showed pupils were 3 mm and equally reactive to light, which suggested cortical blindness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed restricted diffusion in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the bilateral parietal and occipital lobes. Routine blood tests revealed a platelet count of 1,044 × 109/L. ET was diagnosed after exclusion of other causes. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed periodic triphasic waves in the occipital region. The lesions of the parietal and occipital lobes on MRI and periodic triphasic waves of EEG disappeared quickly, and patient's vision returned to normal after the treatment with hydroxyurea and sodium bicarbonate. The patient experienced hallucinatory palinopsia during the recovery of vision.Conclusion: ET may be a risk factor for PRES.

scholarly journals Secondary parkinsonism caused by chronic subdural hematomas owing to compressed cortex and a disturbed cortico–basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuit: illustrative case

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Fukumura ◽  
Sho Murase ◽  
Yuzo Kuroda ◽  
Kazutomo Nakazawa ◽  
Yasufumi Gon
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Basal Ganglia Structures ◽  
Stooped Posture

BACKGROUND Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a commonly encountered condition in neurological and neurosurgical practice, but the presence of concomitant parkinsonism is extremely rare. Basal ganglia disturbance is a well-known underlying mechanism; however, few cases present with cerebral cortex compression as the cause of symptoms. OBSERVATIONS A 52-year-old man was referred to the authors’ hospital with a 5-week history of gait disturbance and suspected Parkinson’s disease. Neurological examination revealed a mask-like face, stooped posture, left-predominant rigidity, and postural instability. The authors initiated dopamine agonist administration, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was scheduled. One week later, MRI showed bilateral CSDHs. The hematomas markedly compressed the bilateral cerebral cortex, whereas the midbrain and basal ganglia structures were intact. The patient underwent burr hole drainage and was discharged after 9 days without sequelae. LESSONS CSDH can cause parkinsonism by compressing the cerebral cortex, which is a part of the cortico–basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuit. Surgery leads to positive outcomes, as illustrated by this case, in which cerebral cortex compression caused parkinsonism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document