scholarly journals Detecting cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease using a brief cognitive screening tool: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE)

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabel Chade ◽  
María Roca ◽  
Teresa Torralva ◽  
Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht ◽  
Nicolás Fabbro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

Abstract Detecting cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease is crucial for good clinical practice given the new therapeutic possibilities available. When full neuropsychological evaluations are not available, screening tools capable of detecting cognitive difficulties become crucial. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the Spanish version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) is capable of detecting cognitive difficulties in patients with Parkinson's disease and discriminating their cognitive profile from patients with dementia. Methods: 77 early dementia patients (53 with Alzheimer's Disease and 24 with Frontotemporal Dementia), 22 patients with Parkinson's disease, and 53 healthy controls were evaluated with the ACE. Results: Parkinson's disease patients significantly differed from both healthy controls and dementia patients on ACE total score. Conclusions: This study shows that the Spanish version of the ACE is capable of detecting patients with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and is able to differentiate them from patients with dementia based on their general cognitive status.

Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McColgan ◽  
Jonathan R. Evans ◽  
David P. Breen ◽  
Sarah L. Mason ◽  
Roger A. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

scholarly journals The Role of NOX4 in Parkinson’s Disease with Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hee Choi ◽  
In-Ae Choi ◽  
Cheol Lee ◽  
Ji Yun ◽  
Jongmin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease With Dementia ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Nigrostriatal Dopamine Neurons

The neuropathology of Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) has been reported to involve heterogeneous and various disease mechanisms. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology are associated with the cognitive status of PDD, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) is known to affect a variety of cognitive functions. We investigated the effects of NOX on cognitive impairment and on α-syn and Aβ expression and aggregation in PDD. In the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-injected mouse model, cognitive and motor function, and the levels of α-syn, Aβ, and oligomer A11 after inhibition of NOX4 expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) were measured by the Morris water maze, novel object recognition, rotation, and rotarod tests, as well as immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. After 6-OHDA administration, the death of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and the expression of α-syn and NOX1 in the substantia nigra were increased, and phosphorylated α-syn, Aβ, oligomer A11, and NOX4 were upregulated in the hippocampus. 6-OHDA dose-dependent cognitive impairment was observed, and the increased cognitive impairment, Aβ expression, and oligomer A11 production in 6-OHDA-treated mice were suppressed by NOX4 knockdown in the hippocampal DG. Our results suggest that increased expression of NOX4 in the hippocampal DG in the 6-OHDA-treated mouse induces Aβ expression and oligomer A11 production, thereby reducing cognitive function.

scholarly journals Quantitative Electroencephalography as a Biomarker for Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Novak ◽  
Bruce A. Chase ◽  
Jaishree Narayanan ◽  
Premananda Indic ◽  
Katerina Markopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
Motor Score ◽  
Eeg Recordings

Background: Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) has been suggested as a biomarker for cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD).Objective: Determine if applying a wavelet-based qEEG algorithm to 21-electrode, resting-state EEG recordings obtained in a routine clinical setting has utility for predicting cognitive impairment in PD.Methods: PD subjects, evaluated by disease stage and motor score, were compared to healthy controls (N = 20 each). PD subjects with normal (PDN, MoCA 26–30, N = 6) and impaired (PDD, MoCA ≤ 25, N = 14) cognition were compared. The wavelet-transform based time-frequency algorithm assessed the instantaneous predominant frequency (IPF) at 60 ms intervals throughout entire recordings. We then determined the relative time spent by the IPF in the four standard EEG frequency bands (RTF) at each scalp location. The resting occipital rhythm (ROR) was assessed using standard power spectral analysis.Results: Comparing PD subjects to healthy controls, mean values are decreased for ROR and RTF-Beta, greater for RTF-Theta and similar for RTF-Delta and RTF-Alpha. In logistic regression models, arithmetic combinations of RTF values [e.g., (RTF-Alpha) + (RTF-Beta)/(RTF-Delta + RTF-Theta)] and RTF-Alpha values at occipital or parietal locations are most able to discriminate between PD and controls. A principal component (PC) from principal component analysis (PCA) using RTF-band values in all subjects is associated with PD status (p = 0.004, β = 0.31, AUC = 0.780). Its loadings show positive contribution from RTF-Theta at all scalp locations, and negative contributions from RTF-Beta at occipital, parietal, central, and temporal locations. Compared to cognitively normal PD subjects, cognitively impaired PD subjects have lower median RTF-Alpha and RTF-Beta values, greater RTF-Theta values and similar RTF-Delta values. A PC from PCA using RTF-band values in PD subjects is associated with cognitive status (p = 0.002, β = 0.922, AUC = 0.89). Its loadings show positive contributions from RTF-Theta at all scalp locations, negative contributions from RTF-Beta at central locations, and negative contributions from RTF-Delta at central, frontal and temporal locations. Age, disease duration and/or sex are not significant covariates. No PC was associated with motor score or disease stage.Significance: Analyzing standard EEG recordings obtained in a community practice setting using a wavelet-based qEEG algorithm shows promise as a PD biomarker and for predicting cognitive impairment in PD.

scholarly journals Predicting Future Cognitive Impairment in De Novo Parkinson's Disease Using Clinical Data and Structural MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Smith ◽  
Owen A Williams ◽  
Lucia Ricciardi ◽  
Francesca Morgante ◽  
Thomas R Barrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease Dementia ◽  
Lingual Gyrus

BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative condition and associated with increasing cognitive dysfunction as the disease progresses. However, subtle cognitive deficits can be detected at diagnosis in 42% of individuals, suggesting that damage may already be present. Our aim was to determine clinical and structural differences in those recently diagnosed with PD who later develop cognitive impairment, and whether these changes predict future cognitive decline. METHODS Clinical and imaging data was acquired from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative for 318 individuals with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and baseline 3T T1-weighted MRI. The cohort was divided according to cognitive status over follow-up, with 9 individuals developing Parkinson's disease dementia, 102 developing mild cognitive impairment and 207 remaining cognitively unaffected. FINDINGS At baseline, those who went on to develop cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment or dementia) were older with more severe motor and non-motor symptoms (anosmia, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, depression). Grey matter loss was present in those destined for Parkinson's disease dementia in the precuneus, hippocampi, primary olfactory cortex, lingual gyrus, temporal cortex and cerebellum. Those who later developed mild cognitive impairment had an attenuated but similar pattern of grey matter loss in the temporal lobe, lingual gyrus and cerebellum. Using support vector machines with a feature selection step, future cognitive impairment could be predicted using 11 clinical variables (AUC = 0.81), structural imaging (AUC = 0.72) or a combination of these two modalities (AUC = 0.85). These models more accurately predicted those who developed dementia (subgroup sensitivity 100%). INTERPRETATION Significant abnormalities in cortical structure is present at least three years before dementia manifests in Parkinson's disease, with associated differences in clinical profiles. Combining this data provides a technique to accurately identify future cognitive impairment, providing a non-invasive way to stratify individuals early on.

scholarly journals Test the Best: Classification Accuracies of Four Cognitive Rating Scales for Parkinson’s Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1069-1077
Author(s):  
Adela Fendrych Mazancova ◽  
Evžen Růžička ◽  
Robert Jech ◽  
Ondrej Bezdicek
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Mattis Dementia Rating Scale

Abstract Objective A progressive cognitive impairment is one of the frequent non-motor symptoms during Parkinson’s disease (PD) course. A short and valid screening tool is needed to detect an incipient cognitive deficit at the mild cognitive impairment stage in Parkinson’s disease (PD–MCI). Method The present study aims to evaluate the classification accuracies of four cognitive screenings: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale second edition (DRS–2), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) in a cohort of PD patients (PD–MCI, n = 46; and Parkinson’s disease with normal cognition, PD-NC, n = 95) and Controls (n = 66). All subjects underwent a standard neuropsychological battery as recommended by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society and underwent all four screening tools. Results In the detection of PD-MCI versus PD-NC, the MoCA showed a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 66% with a screening cutoff score at ≤25 points. The MoCA’s AUC was 86% (95% CI 78.7–93.1). In the detection of PD-MCI versus Controls, the FAB displayed 84% sensitivity and 79% specificity with a cutoff ≤16 points, to screen. The FAB’s AUC was 87% (79.0–95.0). Conclusions Our results show that the MoCA is the most discriminative tool for screening MCI in the PD population.

Constipation Predicts Cognitive Decline in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-up and Comparison with a Control Group

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Diego Santos García ◽  
Lucía García Roca ◽  
Teresa de Deus Fonticoba ◽  
Carlos Cores Bartolomé ◽  
Lucía Naya Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Background: Constipation has been linked to cognitive impairment development in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: Our aim was to analyze cognitive changes observed in PD patients and controls from a Spanish cohort with regards to the presence or not of constipation. Methods: PD patients and controls recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were followed-up during 2 years. The change in cognitive status from baseline (V0) to 2-year follow-up was assessed with the PD-CRS (Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale). Subjects with a score ≥1 on item 21 of the NMSS (Non-Motor Symptoms Scale) at baseline (V0) were considered as “with constipation”. Regression analyses were applied for determining the contribution of constipation in cognitive changes. Results: At V0, 39.7% (198/499) of PD patients presented constipation compared to 11.4% of controls (14/123) (p < 0.0001). No change was observed in cognitive status (PD-CRS total score) neither in controls without constipation (from 100.24±13.72 to 100.27±13.68; p = 0.971) and with constipation (from 94.71±10.96 to 93.93±13.03; p = 0.615). The PD-CRS total score decreased significantly in PD patients with constipation (from 89.14±15.36 to 85.97±18.09; p < 0.0001; Coehn’s effect = –0.35) compared to patients without constipation (from 93.92±15.58 to 93.14±17.52; p = 0.250) (p = 0.018). In PD patients, to suffer from constipation at V0 was associated with a decrease in the PD-CRS total score from V0 to V2 (β= –0.1; 95% CI, –4.36 – –0.27; p = 0.026) and having cognitive impairment at V2 (OR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.01 – 3.17; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Constipation is associated with cognitive decline in PD patients but not in controls.

scholarly journals Validation of a Spanish Version of the Lille Apathy Rating Scale for Parkinson’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio García-Ramos ◽  
Clara Villanueva Iza ◽  
María José Catalán ◽  
Abilio Reig-Ferrer ◽  
Jorge Matías-Guíu
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Lars Score ◽  
Optimal Cutoff Point

Introduction. To date, no rating scales for detecting apathy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have been validated in Spanish. For this reason, the aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of Lille apathy rating scale (LARS) in a cohort of PD patients from Spain.Participants and Methods. 130 PD patients and 70 healthy controls were recruited to participate in the study. Apathy was measured using the Spanish version of LARS and the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI). Reliability (internal consistency, test-retest, and interrater reliability) and validity (construct, content, and criterion validity) were measured.Results. Interrater reliability was 0.93. Cronbach’sαfor LARS was 0.81. The test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.97. The correlation between LARS and NPI scores was 0.61. The optimal cutoff point under the ROC curve was-14, whereas the value derived from healthy controls was-11. The prevalence of apathy in our population tested by LARS was 42%.Conclusions. The Spanish version of LARS is a reliable and useful tool for diagnosing apathy in PD patients. Total LARS score is influenced by the presence of depression and cognitive impairment. However, both disorders are independent identities with respect to apathy. The satisfactory reliability and validity of the scale make it an appropriate instrument for screening and diagnosing apathy in clinical practice or for research purposes.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of the ECAS in Parkinson’s Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Foley ◽  
Elaine H. Niven ◽  
Andrew Paget ◽  
Kailash P. Bhatia ◽  
Simon F. Farmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Severe Motor

Disentangling Parkinson’s disease (PD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) may be a diagnostic challenge. Cognitive signs may be useful, but existing screens are often insufficiently sensitive or unsuitable for assessing people with motor disorders. We investigated whether the newly developed ECAS, designed to be used with people with even severe motor disability, was sensitive to the cognitive impairment seen in PD and PSP and able to distinguish between these two disorders. Thirty patients with PD, 11 patients with PSP, and 40 healthy controls were assessed using the ECAS, as well as an extensive neuropsychological assessment. The ECAS detected cognitive impairment in 30% of the PD patients, all of whom fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment. The ECAS was also able to detect cognitive impairment in PSP patients, with 81.8% of patients performing in the impaired range. The ECAS total score distinguished between the patients with PSP and healthy controls with high sensitivity (91.0) and specificity (86.8). Importantly, the ECAS was also able to distinguish between the two syndromes, with the measures of verbal fluency offering high sensitivity (82.0) and specificity (80.0). In sum, the ECAS is a quick, simple, and inexpensive test that can be used to support the differential diagnosis of PSP.

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