scholarly journals 7-week aerobic exercise training reduces adipocyte area and improves insulin sensitivity in Wistar rats fed a highly palatable diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia F. Garcia ◽  
Carmem P. Valgas da Silva ◽  
Maycon Jr. Ferreira ◽  
Leandro K. Oharomari ◽  
Thalita Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Palatable Diet ◽  
Highly Palatable Diet

Gender-dependent effects of exercise training on serum leptin levels in humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. E562-E566 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hickey ◽  
J. A. Houmard ◽  
R. V. Considine ◽  
G. L. Tyndall ◽  
J. B. Midgette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Body Fat Content

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is elevated in obese humans and appears to be closely related to body fat content. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training on systemic leptin levels in humans. Eighteen sedentary middle-aged men (n = 9) and women (n = 9) who did not differ in aerobic capacity (29.4 +/- 1.2 vs. 27.5 +/- 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or insulin sensitivity index (3.41 +/- 1.12 vs. 4.88 +/- 0.55) were studied. Fat mass was significantly lower in females vs. males (21.83 +/- 2.25 vs. 26.99 +/- 2.37 kg, P < 0.05). Despite this, fasting serum leptin was significantly higher in the females vs. males (18.27 +/- 2.55 vs. 9.88 +/- 1.26 ng/ml, P < 0.05). Serum leptin concentration decreased 17.5% in females (P < 0.05) after 12 wk of aerobic exercise training (4 day/wk, 30-45 min/day) but was not significantly reduced in males. Fat mass was not altered after training in either group. In contrast, both aerobic capacity (+13% males, +9.1% females) and insulin sensitivity (+35% males, +82% females) were significantly improved subsequent to training. These data suggest that 1) women have higher circulating leptin concentrations despite lower fat mass and 2) exercise training appears to have a greater effect on systemic leptin levels in females than in males.

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Training Prevents Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice Chronically Fed a Low-Sodium Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2174
Author(s):  
Guilherme da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Ana Paula Garcia Bochi ◽  
Paula Ramos Pinto ◽  
Vanessa Del Bianco ◽  
Letícia Gomes Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Low Sodium

Background: A low-sodium (LS) diet reduces blood pressure, contributing to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, intense dietary sodium restriction impairs insulin sensitivity and worsens lipid profile. Considering the benefits of aerobic exercise training (AET), the effect of LS diet and AET in hepatic lipid content and gene expression was investigated in LDL receptor knockout (LDLr-KO) mice. Methods: Twelve-week-old male LDLr-KO mice fed a normal sodium (NS) or LS diet were kept sedentary (S) or trained (T) for 90 days. Body mass, plasma lipids, insulin tolerance testing, hepatic triglyceride (TG) content, gene expression, and citrate synthase (CS) activity were determined. Results were compared by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test. Results: Compared to NS, LS increased body mass and plasma TG, and impaired insulin sensitivity, which was prevented by AET. The LS-S group, but not the LS-T group, presented greater hepatic TG than the NS-S group. The LS diet increased the expression of genes related to insulin resistance (ApocIII, G6pc, Pck1) and reduced those involved in oxidative capacity (Prkaa1, Prkaa2, Ppara, Lipe) and lipoprotein assembly (Mttp). Conclusion: AET prevented the LS-diet-induced TG accumulation in the liver by improving insulin sensitivity and the expression of insulin-regulated genes and oxidative capacity.

scholarly journals Transient effect of aerobic exercise training on insulin sensitivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 100032
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Fobian ◽  
Dustin Long ◽  
David Bryan ◽  
Gary Hunter ◽  
Barbara A. Gower
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Transient Effect

scholarly journals Impact of Aerobic Exercise Training on Age-Related Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Oxidative Capacity

Diabetes ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1888-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Short ◽  
J. L. Vittone ◽  
M. L. Bigelow ◽  
D. N. Proctor ◽  
R. A. Rizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Sympathetic activity and the heterogenous blood pressure response to exercise training in hypertensives

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1434-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Brown ◽  
Donald R. Dengel ◽  
Robert V. Hogikyan ◽  
Mark A. Supiano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Wide Range

To test whether changes in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity or insulin sensitivity contribute to the heterogeneous blood pressure response to aerobic exercise training, we used compartmental analysis of [3H]norepinephrine kinetics to determine the extravascular norepinephrine release rate (NE2) as an index of systemic SNS activity and determined the insulin sensitivity index (SI) by an intravenous glucose tolerance test, before and after 6 mo of aerobic exercise training, in 30 (63 ± 7 yr) hypertensive subjects. Maximal O2consumption increased from 18.4 ± 0.7 to 20.8 ± 0.7 ml · kg−1· min−1( P = 0.02). The average mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) did not change (114 ± 2 vs. 114 ± 2 mmHg); however, there was a wide range of responses (−19 to +17 mmHg). The average NE2did not change significantly (2.11 ± 0.15 vs. 1.99 ± 0.13 μg · min−1· m−2), but there was a significant positive linear relationship between the change in NE2and the change in MABP ( r = 0.38, P = 0.04). SIincreased from 2.81 ± 0.37 to 3.71 ± 0.42 μU × 10−4· min−1· ml−1( P = 0.004). The relationship between the change in SIand the change in MABP was not statistically significant ( r = −0.03, P = 0.89). When the changes in maximal O2consumption, percent body fat, NE2, and SIwere considered as predictors of the change in MABP, only NE2was a significant independent predictor. Thus suppression of SNS activity may play a role in the reduction in MABP and account for a portion of the heterogeneity of the MABP response to aerobic exercise training in older hypertensive subjects.

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