scholarly journals Predatory activity of chlamydospores of the fungusPochonia chlamydosporia on Toxocara caniseggs under laboratory conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Milani Araujo ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Sebastião Rodrigo Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre de Oliveira Tavela
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Egg Destruction ◽  
Type 3

The objective of this study was to use chlamydospores of the fungusPochonia chlamydosporia (isolates VC1 and VC4) against Toxocara canis eggs in a 15-day in vitro assay. One thousand T. canis eggs were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% water agar medium with different concentrations of chlamydospores (1,000, 10,000 or 100,000) of each fungal isolate of P. chlamydosporia (treated groups) and 1,000 eggs in Petri dishes without fungus (control group). Egg counts were performed to determine the ovicidal activity, which was classified as three effect levels: type 1, type 2 and type 3. Significant differences (P < 0.01) in egg destruction were found in comparison with the control group. The highest percentage of egg destruction was found in plates containing 100,000 chlamydospores (68.5% for VC1 and 70.5% for VC4). Chlamydospores of P. chlamydosporiawere effective in destroying T. canis eggs and may contribute in the future towards combating the eggs of this parasite.

Partial resialylation of human asialotransferrin types 1 and 2 in the rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Regoeczi ◽  
Paul A. Chindemi ◽  
Maria T. Debanne
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Sialic Acid Content ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Time Type

125I-labeled asialotransferrin types 1 and 2 were administered in small doses to rats. The protein still in the plasma after 1–12 h was partially repurified and electrophoresed at pH 8.1, together with a transferrin standard that is composed of all six forms of the protein with respect to sialic acid content. The electrophoretic mobility of both asialotransferrins increased with time, type 2 being affected sooner than type 1. The changed mobility was due to increased electronegativity that was fully reversible by treatment of the samples with neuraminidase, thus identifying the underlying cause as partial resialylation. Asialotransferrin incubated in vitro with serum, plasma, or whole blood for 16 h exhibited no change in electrophoretic mobility. In conjunction with an earlier study on asialotransferrin type 3, it was found that the apparent speeds of resialylation of the three asialotransferrins were in the same order as their affinities for the asialoglycoprotein-binding hepatic lectin. This suggests the involvement of an endo- rather than of an ecto-transferase. Transfer of 59Fe from asialotransferrins to the liver was used to monitor the frequency of hepatocyte–asialotransferrin interactions. Iron deposition in the liver took place much more rapidly than the appearance of detectable quantities of partially resialylated asialotransferrin molecules in the circulation. It is concluded that each asialotransferrin molecule probably undergoes several passages through the hepatocyte before its glycans become modified.

scholarly journals Kappa Free Light Chains and IgG Combined in a Novel Algorithm for the Detection of Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk ◽  
Joanna Tarasiuk ◽  
Alina Kułakowska ◽  
Jan Kochanowicz ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Light Chains ◽  
Pattern Type ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Type 3

Background: It is well known that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of free light chains (FLC) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are elevated in multiple sclerosis patients (MS). Therefore, in this study we aimed to develop a model based on the concentrations of free light chains and IgG to predict multiple sclerosis. We tried to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the novel κIgG index and λIgG index, here presented for the first time, and compare them with the κFLC index and the λFLC index in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods: CSF and serum samples were obtained from 76 subjects who underwent lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes and, as a result, were divided into two groups: patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 34) and patients with other neurological disorders (control group; n = 42). The samples were analyzed using turbidimetry and isoelectric focusing. The κIgG index, λIgG index, κFLC index, and λFLC index were calculated using specific formulas. Results: The concentrations of CSF κFLC, CSF λFLC, and serum κFLC and the values of κFLC index, λFLC index, and κIgG index were significantly higher in patients with multiple sclerosis compared to controls. CSF κFLC concentration and the values of κFLC index, λFLC index, and κIgG index differed in patients depending on their pattern type of oligoclonal bands. κFLC concentration was significantly higher in patients with pattern type 2 and type 3 in comparison to those with pattern type 1 and type 4. The κFLC index, λFLC index, and κIgG index were significantly higher in patients with pattern type 2 in comparison to those with pattern type 4. The κFLC index and κIgG index were significantly higher in patients with pattern type 2 in comparison to those with pattern type 1, and in patients with pattern type 3 compared to those with pattern type 4. The κIgG index was markedly elevated in patients with pattern type 3 compared to those with pattern type 1. In the total study group, κFLC, λFLC, κFLC index, λFLC index, κIgG index, and λIgG index correlated with each other. The κIgG index showed the highest diagnostic power (area under the curve, AUC) in the detection of multiple sclerosis. The κFLC index and κIgG index showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity, and the κIgG index presented the highest ability to exclude multiple sclerosis. Conclusion: This study provides novel information about the diagnostic significance of four markers combined in the κIgG index. More investigations in larger study groups are needed to confirm that the κIgG index can reflect the intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins and may improve the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Ovicidal activity of different concentrations of Pochonia chlamydosporia chlamydospores on Taenia taeniaeformis eggs

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Braga ◽  
A.R. Silva ◽  
R.O. Carvalho ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
P.S.A. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovicidal Activity ◽  
Pochonia Chlamydosporia ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis ◽  
Type 3

AbstractThree concentrations of chlamydospores of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (1000, 10,000 and 20,000 per Petri dish) were evaluated in vitro on Taenia taeniaeformis eggs. Chlamydospores at each concentration were cultured in two different media: 2% water-agar (2%WA) and 2% corn-meal-agar (2%CMA). Taenia taeniaeformis eggs were plated in each chlamydospore concentration in 2%WA and 2%CMA (treated groups) and without fungus (control group). Eggs were removed from each Petri dish at intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days and classified according to ovicidal activity (type 1, type 2 and type 3 effects). Plates containing 2%CMA showed the highest percentages for type 3 effect (81.3%) on the 21st day of observation. A difference (P < 0.01) between the media 2%WA and 2%CMA for type 1 effect was observed only at a concentration of 1000 chlamydospores on the 7th day. There were differences (P < 0.01) between 2%WA and 2%CMA on the 14th and 21st days, at the concentration of 20,000 chlamydospores, for type 1 and type 3 effects. Regression curves for type 3 effect in 2%WA and 2%CMA at the tested concentrations showed higher ovicidal activity with increasing chlamydospore concentrations. Results indicate that, at concentrations of 1000, 10,000 and 20,000 per Petri dish, chlamydospores of P. chlamydosporia effectively destroyed T. taeniaeformis eggs and can be considered a potential biological control agent for this cestode.

scholarly journals Types of the statics of the spine in patients of young, elderly and senile age

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
A. M. Orel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Utility Patent ◽  
Type 3

Introduction. A complete and systematic x-ray examination of all parts of the spine at the same time in elderly and senile people has not yet been carried out. On the other hand, radiography can identify spinal statics disorders that are typical for this category of people.The goal of research — describe the types of spinal statics disorders in young, elderly and senile people.Materials and methods. Digital radiography of all parts of the spine was performed in 103 patients with dorsopathies. The first group included 50 patients aged 60–74 years; men 16, women 34. The second study group included 21 patients aged 75–88 years, 6 men and 15 women. The third control group included 32 randomly selected people aged 21 to 45 years, 15 men and 17 women. The study belongs to the group of a posteriori x-ray processing and was carried out without the participation and additional irradiation of patients. On the screen of a personal computer, using the methods developed by the author, unified digital x-ray images of all parts of the spine of each patient were obtained. From the INION point, a vertical line occipital vertical descended along all the structures of the spine. Using the midpoint of the front and rear contour x-ray image of the vertebral body of the TII and TXII the front-rear axes were passed through until they intersect with the occipital vertical at the back and intersect with each other at the front. A qualitative assessment of the occipital vertical passage relative to the structures of the spine and a quantitative assessment of the angles of inclination and the angle of intersection of the front-rear axes of the TII and TXII vertebrae was carried out..Results. Five types (from 0 to 4) of spine statics were described and criteria for their qualitative and quantitative assessment were determined. It was found that in the control group, the most common type of spine statics was zero (0), while type 3 and 4 were not determined. In contrast, 3 and 4 types of spinal statics were most frequently observed in second group of patients. In the first group of patients, types 1 and 2 of spine statics were most often revealed, and other types of spine statics also occurred. Among the entire group of examined patients n=103 0 type of spinal statics disorder was detected in 27 (26,2 %) patients, type 1 in 35 (34 %), type 2 in 22 (21,3 %), type 3 in 11 (10,7 %) and type 4 in 8 patients (7,8 %). In patients with type 0 spinal statics, the angle of inclination of the front-rear axis of the TII vertebra was 16,67±8,49º, and of the TXII vertebra was 18,33±4,33º. In type 1 statics of the spine, the angle of inclination of the front-rear axis of the TII vertebra was 26,66±6,73º, and of the TXII vertebra was 21,17±4,92º. In type 2 spinal statics, the angle of inclination of the front-rear axis of the TII vertebra was 32,95± 6,82º, and of the TXII vertebra was 19,68±5,4º. In type III spinal statics, the angle of inclination of the front-rear axis of the TII vertebra was 41,09±9,22º, and of the TXII vertebra 26±11,05º. Type 4 statics of the spine were diagnosed in the presence of type 1–3 statics, in addition to which a pathological fracture or multiple compression fractures were detected in any part of the spine, or the vertebral bodies took the form of fish vertebrae.Conclusion. The study demonstrated the presence of characteristic prevailing types of spinal statics in young, elderly and senile people. These qualitative and quantitative criteria allow us to evaluate them. Based on the results of the study, an application for the utility patent of the Russian Federation «The Method for Evaluating Spine Statics», № 2019144992, priority dated 30.12.2019 was issued and filed. The identified qualitative and quantitative indicators can be used to develop criteria for determining the biological age of a person, which will contribute to improving the evidence-based approach to medicine. 

43 EFFECT OF VITRIFICATION AT GERMINAL VESICLE STAGE ON THE MITOCHONDRIAL AND CYTOSKELETAL INTEGRITY IN BOVINE OOCYTES

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Y. Abe ◽  
K. Takakura ◽  
K. Kaito ◽  
T. Ogawa ◽  
M. Yokoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Type 3

In the previous report, we demonstrated that bovine germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes vitrified using a nylon mesh holder showed an in vitro maturation rate to the metaphase II (MII) stage similar to that of fresh ones. However, cleavage and developmental rates of vitrified oocytes were low. Because mitochondria and the cytoskeleton are thought to have a central role in energy supply and cellular division in mammalian embryogenesis, it seems possible that alternation in their function in vitrified GV oocytes may contribute to subsequent lower cleavage and developmental rates. The oxygen consumption rate reflects the mitochondrial activity and its measurement may be an effective way for non-invasive evaluation of oocyte quality. In this study, to ascertain that altered mitochondrial functions and cytoskeleton may contribute to reduce the quality of oocytes after vitrification, we evaluated the distribution of active mitochondria and the cytoskeleton in vitrified oocytes. We also examined the relationship between oxygen consumption rate and the distribution of active mitochondria in vitrified oocytes. Bovine GV oocytes connected with cumulus cells were exposed to the cryoprotectant (EFS40) in a stepwise way and transferred onto a nylon mesh holder, followed by plunging them directly into liquid nitrogen. After warming, vitrified oocytes were allowed in vitro maturation. After denuding, matured oocytes were stained with a mitochondria-specific probe, rhodamine-123 and then oxygen consumption rate using an embryo respirometer (HV-403; Research Institute for Functional Peptides, Yamagata, Japan) was measured in each oocyte. According to morphological distribution of mitochondria, oocytes were classified as follows: type 1, uniform distribution; type 2, spotted distribution; and type 3, a weak fluorescence. The oxygen consumption rate of the fresh oocytes at the MII stage was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of vitrified oocytes (5.24 and 4 × 1015 mol–1 s–1, respectively), although there was no difference between the fresh and vitrified groups at the GV stage (5.02 and 5.06 × 1015 mol–1 s–1, respectively). The oxygen consumption rates of type 1 oocytes in fresh and vitrified groups at the MII stage tended to be higher than those of type 2 and 3 oocytes (type 1, 5.29 and 5.27; type 2, 4.99 and 4.52; type 3, 4.77 and 4.48 × 1015 mol–1 s–1, respectively). In addition, the percentage of type 1 oocytes in the fresh group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the vitrified group (59.4 and 34.3%, respectively). The matured oocytes also were stained with α-tubulin monoclonal antibody or F-phalloidin independently to examine the morphological status of microtubules or microfilament. The rates of oocytes with abnormal microtubules and microfilament in the vitrified group were 29.7 and 43.5%, respectively, showing higher rates compared with corresponding fresh oocytes (9.8%; P < 0.05 and 25.0%; P = 0.21, respectively). These results suggested that the reduction of quality and subsequent developmental competence in vitrified oocytes might be related to damages of mitochondria and cytoskeleton.

New Fine Structure within the Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment Revealed by Longterm Analysis of Mice Repopulated with Single Cells or Their In Vitro Generated Clonal Progeny.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1720-1720
Author(s):  
Brad Dykstra ◽  
David Kent ◽  
Lindsay McCaffrey ◽  
Kristin Lyons ◽  
Merete Kristiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Assessments of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) repopulating activity in vivo have historically relied on calculated average longterm (12–16 wk) progeny outputs using non-purified transplants, thereby precluding definitive clonal assignments of donor-derived cells. Viral marking circumvents this problem, but has not been used for large scale surveys. Heterogeneity observed in the repopulation patterns has generally been inferred to reflect stochastic processes. We now report the in vivo repopulation kinetics of 89 individual longterm repopulating cells (LTRCs) before (n=49) and after (n=40) 4 days of clonal growth in vitro. LTRCs were defined here as cells whose WBC progeny could be detected at levels of ≥1% for at least 16 wk in sublethally irradiated Ly5-congenic W41/W41 hosts. Recipients were transplanted with either freshly isolated, single lin−Rho−SP LTRCs or 4-day clones generated from similar cells in serum-free cultures (+ 300 ng/ml SF, 20 ng/ml IL-11 & 1ng/ml Flt3-L). 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 wk post-transplant, blood samples were stained for donor-derived B, T, and myeloid cells using a procedure that identifies donor/recipient doublets and Ly6g/Mac1low cells (which have features of lymphoid rather than myeloid WBCs) to exclude false-positive myeloid events. Four distinct patterns of repopulation were revealed. Type 1 showed a delayed production of predominantly myeloid WBCs (low or undetectable before 12 wk) that increased progressively (reaching 0.4–15% of all WBCs by 16 wk). Type 2 showed a robust multilineage repopulation that remained stable or increased over time (6–84% of all WBCs at 16 wk). Type 3 also showed an initially robust pattern of multilineage repopulation (peak numbers of WBCs at 8–12 wk and 1–51% at 16 wk), but the contribution of donor-derived myeloid cells was transient (&lt;0.5% by 16 wk). Type 4 showed a lymphoid-restricted pattern (myeloid contribution &lt;0.5% at all time points), with repopulation levels peaking at 8 wk and decreasing thereafter (1–22% at 16 wk). Persisting granulopoiesis, indicated by a high proportion of donor-derived cells in the Ly6g/Mac1+SSChi population at 16–24 wk, clearly distinguished the type 1 and 2 patterns from types 3 and 4 which showed near or complete cessation of donor-derived granulopoiesis beyond 12 wk. Preliminary secondary transplant experiments show that donor-derived LTRCs (with and without longterm granulopoietic activity) were exclusively generated in primary recipients with type 1 and 2 repopulation patterns. Amongst the freshly isolated LTRCs, 18% (9/49) were type 1, 41% (20/49) were type 2, 22% (11/49) were type 3, and 18% (9/49) were type 4. In contrast, 4-day clones derived from cells of the same phenotype and containing LTRC activity showed a marked decrease in type 1 and type 2 activity with a corresponding increase in type 3 and type 4 activity: type 1 = 5% (2/41), type 2 = 18% (7/40), type 3 = 28% (11/40) and type 4 = 50% (20/40). Collectively, these data identify a new hierarchy of four biologically discrete states within the compartment of cells currently defined as LTRCs. Proliferation of LTRCs either in vitro or in vivo appears to induce an irreversible transition from one state to another (from Type 1 to 2 to 3 to 4), suggesting the existence of intrinsic molecular correlates for each of these states and specific mechanisms that underlie their sequential appearance.

scholarly journals Different Types of Periampullary Duodenal Diverticula Are Associated with Occurrence and Recurrence of Bile Duct Stones: A Case-Control Study from a Chinese Center

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Sun ◽  
Wenhui Bo ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Quan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Successful Cannulation ◽  
Cbd Stones ◽  
Duodenal Diverticula ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type 3

Aims. We here investigated the association of different types of periampullary diverticula (PAD) with pancreaticobiliary disease and with technical success of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).Methods. A total of 850 consecutive patients who underwent their first ERCP were entered into a database. Of these patients, 161 patients (18.9%) had PAD and the age- and sex-matched control group comprised 483 patients.Results. PAD was correlated with common bile duct (CBD) stones (59.6% versus 35.0% in controls;P=0.008) and negatively correlated with periampullary malignancy (6.8% versus 21.5% in controls;P=0.004). The acute pancreatitis was more frequent (62.5%) in patients with PAD type 1 followed by PAD type 2 (28.9%,P=0.017) and type 3 (28.0%,P=0.006). No significant differences were observed in successful cannulation rate and post-ERCP complications among the 3 types of PAD. Type 1 PAD patients had less recurrence of CBD stones than did the patients who had type 2 or type 3 PAD (53.8% versus 85.7%;P=0.043).Conclusions. PAD, especially type 1 PAD, is associated with an increased acute pancreatitis as well as occurrence and recurrence of CBD stones. PAD during an ERCP should not be considered as an obstacle to a successful cannulation.

Electrophysiological properties of neurons in submucosal ganglia of guinea pig distal colon

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (6) ◽  
pp. G835-G841 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Frieling ◽  
H. J. Cooke ◽  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Submucosal Plexus ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Type 3

Intracellular recording methods were used in vitro to study the electrophysiological behavior of neurons in ganglia of the submucosal plexus in the distal colon of the guinea pig. The results revealed subpopulations of submucosal ganglion cells that corresponded to the AH/type 2, S/type 1, type 3, and type 4 subpopulations found elsewhere in the intestine. Electrical behavior of colonic submucosal neurons differed from the myenteric plexus of the colon, rectum, and stomach and the small intestinal submucosal plexus mainly in the relative proportions of the different subpopulations. Regional differences in this respect may be a reflection of functional specialization in the diverse regions of the alimentary canal.

Cavum Septi Pellucidi in Boxers

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Aviv ◽  
George Tomlinson ◽  
Brian Kendall ◽  
Chandrashekhar Thakkar ◽  
Alan Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cavum Septi Pellucidi ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
License Renewal ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Parenchymal Abnormalities

Objective Controversy exists over the significance of the isolated finding of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and its prevalence rate in healthy individuals and in professional boxers. Few magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have looked at large cohorts of boxers. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and extent of a CSP among professional boxers and to compare these with a control group. Methods MRI studies of 164 male boxers scanned for annual British boxing board license renewal were reviewed and compared with 43 control patients. CSP prevalence, size, and extent were recorded. Extent was classified as type 1, anterior to the fornix; type 2, extending up to the fornix; and type 3, extending into the cavum vergae. Parenchymal abnormalities were documented, and the Evan's ratio was used as an indication of brain atrophy. Results A CSP was present in 40% of controls and 49% of boxers. There was a trend to a higher CSP prevalence in boxers ( P = .099). No control patient had type 2 or 3 extension ( P < .0009), as opposed to 30% and 16% prevalence in boxers. Three boxers increased their extent over serial imaging. No difference in CSP size was established between the 2 groups ( P = .43), but there was an association between progressive scans and increased CSP size over time in boxers, independent of age ( P = .05). Eight boxers demonstrated a CSP on a subsequent scan not seen on an earlier scan. Conclusion The prevalence of a CSP is high among both control patients and boxers. There is a trend to a larger CSP with increasing number of scans without evidence of atrophy and independent of age. Boxers also have a greater posterior extent than controls. The findings may be explained by sudden increases in intracranial pressure that forced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through small defects in the septal leaflets, which result in an increase in size and or extent of a CSP.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document