Communities of parasite metazoans in Piaractus brachypomus (Pisces, Serrasalmidae) in the lower Amazon River (Brazil)

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the component community of parasite metazoans of Piaractus brachypomus in the lower Amazon River, northern Brazil. From 34 necropsied fish, 27,384 metazoan parasites were collected, such as Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium viatorum and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenoidea); Spectatus spectatus and Contracaecum sp (Nematoda); Clinostomum marginatum and Dadaytrema oxycephala (Digenea); and Argulus carteri and Ergasilus sp. (Crustacea). The dominant species was S. spectatus followed by monogenoidean species, and there was aggregated dispersion of parasites, except for D. oxycephala and Contracaecum sp., which presented random dispersion. Positive correlation among the abundance of the three monogenoideans species were found, thus indicating that there was no competition between the species of these parasites on the gills of hosts. The abundances of some parasite species showed positive correlations with the size of the hosts, but the condition factor of the fish was not affected by the parasitism levels. It showed that this host had a metazoan community characterized by high species richness of metazoans, low evenness and high diversity of parasites, with prevalence of endoparasites, including larval stages. This was the first record of C. marginatum, A. carteri, Ergasilus sp. and Contracaecum sp. for P. brachypomus.

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Community and infracommunities of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus (Hemiodontidae) from Jari River basin, a tributary of Amazon River (Brazil)

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612021090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Odonei Moia Almeida ◽

Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira ◽

Marcos Tavares-Dias

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

River Basin ◽

Parasite Community ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Amazon River ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Random Dispersion ◽

Northern Brazil ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Over Time

Abstract Parasites are an important part of biodiversity, and knowledge of species and their relationship with their hosts helps in monitoring an ecosystem over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the fauna of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus from the Jari River, in the eastern Amazon region, northern Brazil. Of the fish examined, 96.7% were parasitized by one or more species, and a total of 336 parasites such as Dactylogyridae gen. sp.1, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.2, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.3, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.4, Gyrodactilydae gen. sp., Urocleidoides sp.1, Urocleidoides sp.2, Urocleidoides sp.3, metacercariae of Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Contracaecum sp., Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. The parasite community showed low Brillouin diversity (0.58 ± 0.29), low evenness (0.44 ± 0.21) and low species richness (7.40 ± 3.83). There was a predominance of ectoparasites, mainly monogeneans and digeneans. The parasites showed an aggregate dispersion, except for P. (S.) inopinatus, which had a random dispersion. The size of the hosts had no effect on diversity, species richness and abundance of parasites, but other factors structured the parasite community. This is the first study on the parasite community and infracommunities in H. unimaculatus.

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First study on communities of parasites in Triportheus rotundatus, a Characidae fish from the Amazon River system (Brazil)

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612016078 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paulo Henrique Nascimento Santos ◽

Marcos Tavares-Dias

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Parasite Species ◽

River System ◽

The Body ◽

Amazon River ◽

Dispersion Pattern ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

First Report ◽

Random Dispersion ◽

The Mean

Abstract This study was the first investigation on the parasites of Triportheus rotundatus, a Characiformes fish from the Amazon, in Brazil. All the fish collected (100%) in a tributary from the Amazon River system were infected by one or more parasite species. The mean species richness of parasites was 4.9 ± 0.9, the Brillouin index was 0.39 ± 0.16, the evenness was 0.24 ± 0.09 and the Berger-Parker dominance was 0.81 ± 0.13. A total of 1316 metazoan parasites were collected, including Anacanthorus pithophallus, Anacanthorus furculus, Ancistrohaptor sp. (Dactylogyridae), Genarchella genarchella (Derogenidae), Posthodiplostomum sp. (Diplostomidae), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Camallanidae), Echinorhynchus paranensis (Echinorhynchidae) and Ergasilus sp. (Ergasilidae), but monogenoideans were the dominant parasites. These parasites presented an aggregate dispersion pattern, except for P. (S.) inopinatus, which showed a random dispersion pattern. The body conditions of the hosts were not affected by the parasitism levels. This first report of these parasites for T. rotundatus indicates that the presence of ectoparasites and endoparasites was due to hosts behavior and availability of infective stages in the environment, and this was discussed.

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Metazoan Parasites and Health State of European Eel, Anguilla Anguilla (Anguilliformes, Anguillidae), From Tonga Lake and El Mellah Lagoon in the Northeast of Algeria

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2018-0029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 279-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Bakaria ◽

S. Belhaoues ◽

N. Djebbari ◽

M. Tahri ◽

I. Ladjama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brackish Water ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Anguilla Anguilla ◽

European Eel ◽

Health State ◽

Component Community ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

High Dominance ◽

Argulus Foliaceus

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine metazoans parasite communities of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in freshwater (Tonga Lake) and brackish water (El Mellah lagoon) in the northeast of Algeria. Six parasite taxa were collected: one monogenean, Pseudodactylogyrus sp.; two crustaceans, Ergasilus sp. and Argulus foliaceus; two nematodes, Cucullanus sp. and Anguillicola crassus; one cestode, Bothriocephalus claviceps. Th e most prevalent parasite taxa in freshwater were Pseudodactylogyrus sp., A. crassus and Bothriocephalus claviceps; whereas in the brackish water, eels were infected mainly with A. crassus. Th e characteristics of the parasite component community structure revealed low parasite species diversity and high dominance values in eels from the two localities. Both communities were dominated by a single parasite species: Tonga eels by the monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus sp. and El Mellah lagoon eels by the nematode A. crassus, verified by high Berger-Parker dominance values of 0.76 and 0.87 respectively.

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Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of namorado sandperches, Pseudopercis numida Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 and P. semifasciata Cuvier, 1829 (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae), from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842008000200007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 269-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

JL. Luque ◽

NN. Felizardo ◽

LER. Tavares

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Component Community ◽

New Host ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Parasite Abundance ◽

Parasite Species Richness ◽

Total Length

One hundred and twenty-eight specimens of namorado sandperches, 62 P. numida and 66 P. semifasciata, collected between October 2002 and June 2003 off the Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Lat 23° S and Long 42° W), were examined to study their metazoan parasites. Parasite communities of these fish were composed basically of endoparasites, mainly digenean and cestodes species, with low prevalence and abundance but having high parasite species richness values (at the component community level). Among these values, that found for P. numida is the highest so far recorded for marine fishes from the Neotropical Region. Thirty-nine species of metazoan parasites were collected: 36 from P. numida and 28 from P. semifasciata. Twenty-five parasite species were common to both species of namorado sandperches. Pseudopercis numida and P. semifasciata are new host records for all parasite species collected, with the exception of Microcotyle pseudopercis. Choanodera sp., Leurodera decora, Neolebouria georgenascimentoi, and Proctoeces sp. which were recorded for the first time in the South American Atlantic Ocean. Gnathia sp. from P. numida and Scolex pleuronectis from P. semifasciata were the species having the greatest dominance frequency. Parasite abundance in P. numida and P. semifasciata were positively correlated with the host total length. Only in P. numida was parasite species richness correlated positively with the host total length. No significant differences between endoparasite infracommunities of P. numida and P. semifasciata were detected. The ectoparasites of P. numida had higher values for parasite abundance, parasite richness, Brillouin index, evenness index, and Berger-Parker index than those of the ectoparasites of P. semifasciata. Comparisons among all ecto- and endoparasites showed the ectoparasites of P. numida as the most heterogeneous group. Low similarity values were observed among the three types of parasite infracommunities of the two hosts.

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Interannual variation in the metazoan parasite communities of bigeye trevally Caranx sexfasciatus (Pisces, Carangidae)

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2020001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juan Violante-González ◽

Scott Monks ◽

Yesenia Gallegos-Navarro ◽

Nataly G. Santos-Bustos ◽

Princessa J. Villalba-Vasquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Single Species ◽

Parasite Community ◽

Component Community ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

Local Fluctuations ◽

Low Diversity ◽

Abiotic Environmental Factors

Parasite communities in Caranx sexfasciatus were characterized and analyzed to determine any interannual variations in structure and/or species composition. In total, 422 C. sexfasciatus were collected from Acapulco Bay, Mexico, between May 2016 and March 2019. Thirty-two taxa of metazoan parasites were identified: five Monogenea, thirteen Digenea, one Acanthocephala, one Cestoda, three Nematoda, seven Copepoda, and two Isopoda. Monogeneans were the most frequent and abundant parasite species in all sampling years. Parasite species richness at the component community level varied significantly from 8 (May 2016) to 25 (March 2019) and was similar to previous reports for other species of Carangidae. The component communities and infracommunities in C. sexfasciatus were characterized by low parasite species numbers, low diversity, and dominance of a single species (the monogenean Neomicrocotyle pacifica). Parasite community structure and species composition varied between sampling years and climatic seasons. Seasonal or local fluctuations in some biotic and abiotic environmental factors probably explain these variations.

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Parasites of spottail shiners (Notropis hudsonius) in the St. Lawrence River: effects of municipal effluents and habitat

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z06-088 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 84 (10) ◽

pp. 1461-1481 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

David J Marcogliese ◽

Andrée D Gendron ◽

Céline Plante ◽

Michel Fournier ◽

Daniel Cyr

Keyword(s):

Parasite Species ◽

Water Mass ◽

Component Community ◽

Food Web Structure ◽

Piscivorous Fish ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

Web Structure ◽

Abundance And Distribution ◽

St Lawrence River

Parasite communities were examined from spottail shiners (Notropis hudsonius (Clinton, 1824)) collected from nine localities in the St. Lawrence River around the Island of Montréal and downstream from its municipal effluents in June and September 1998–2000. A total of 30 taxa were found, the most common being Diplostomum spp. Parasite communities were dominated by digeneans, most of which were larval stages that infect birds as definitive hosts. Mean abundance of the most common parasites varied among localities and years. Component community and mean infracommunity species richness fluctuated within and among years at the various localities. Similarity analyses demonstrated that parasite component communities from the different localities could be partitioned according to season, year, and water mass. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that the parasite component communities from the different localities could be distinguished clearly, indicating that the fish in the different localities compose separate populations or stocks. Year, season, and water mass correlated most strongly among the species–environment relationships. The abundance and distribution of parasite species appeared to be subtly influenced by environmental contaminants and urban effluents, leading to slight reductions in parasite diversity. However, the parasite species composition at the various localities more clearly reflected the local food-web structure and biodiversity in terms of the distributions of various invertebrate groups, piscivorous fish, and waterfowl along the St. Lawrence River.

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Community structure of metazoan parasites of silverside, Odontesthes bonariensis (Pisces, Atherinopsidae) from Argentina

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0073-47212012000100004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fabiana B. Drago

Keyword(s):

Parasite Species ◽

Host Record ◽

Component Community ◽

New Host ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Generalist Species ◽

New Host Record ◽

Host Sex ◽

Odontesthes Bonariensis ◽

Specialist Species

The helminth communities of silverside, Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes, 1835), from two Argentinean lagoons were studied and compared at component community and infracommunity levels. Nine helminth species were found: five digeneans (Austrodiplostomum cf. mordax, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) cf. diminuta, Ascocotyle sp., Thometrema bonariensis and Saccocoelioides sp.); two nematodes (Contracaecum sp. and Hysterothylacium sp.); one acanthocephalan (Wolffhugelia matercula) and one cestode (Cangatiella macdonaghi). Odontesthes bonariensis is a new host record for five parasite species. Richness, diversity and number of helminths in silversides from Salada Grande lagoon were higher than in those from Lacombe lagoon. This could be related with lagoon size, abundance of mollusks and fish-eating birds, and size and diet of silversides captured in each lagoon. In Salada Grande lagoon the helminth community of silversides was dominated by the allogenic and generalist species A. cf. mordax; while the autogenic and intermediate specialist species C. macdonaghi was dominant in Lacombe lagoon. Host sex did not affect richness, diversity or total abundance, whereas host size was positively correlated with these attributes, except diversity in Salada Grande lagoon.

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First record of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacantocephala, Neochinorhynchidae) on Colossoma macropomum (Characidae) in a fish farm in Roraima, Brazil

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201702411 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 42-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jeffson Nobre PEREIRA ◽

Germán Augusto Murrieta MOREY

Keyword(s):

Condition Factor ◽

First Record ◽

Fish Farm ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Colossoma Macropomum ◽

Relative Condition Factor ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Northern Brazil ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

First Time

ABSTRACT Severe infections by the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae were reported in Colossoma macropomum in fish farms in northern Brazil. The occurrence of the parasite is recorded for the first time in the state of Roraima, Brazil, along with its parasite indexes. Fifty C. macropomum from a fish farm were analyzed. We collected a total of 13474 individual parasites. Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae had a prevalence of 100%, and mean intensity and mean abundance of 269.48. Significant positive correlations were observed between fish standard length, weight and relative condition factor and the number of parasites. Our results showed evident loss of body mass in the parasitized fish. Fish farmers in Roraima should be advised to manage the infection of C. macropomum by N. buttnerae, as massive infections of this parasite can deteriorate the health of the fish.

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Communities of metazoan parasites of two fishes of the Proterorhinus genus (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae)

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-009-0032-9 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 168-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yuriy Kvach ◽

Mehmet Oğuz

Keyword(s):

Parasite Species ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Great Tendency ◽

Component Community ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

Marine Parasite ◽

Nicolla Skrjabini

AbstractMetazoan parasite communities of two gobiids, Proterorhinus marmoratus and P. semilunaris, which are common small-sized fishes native for the Black Sea basin, were studied. The parasite component community of P. marmoratus is represented by 11 species (one monogenean, one cestode, five digeneans, two nematodes, and two acanthocephalans). P. semilunaris had 5 species (one monogenean, one cestode, one digenean, one nematode, and one acanthocephalan). Acanthocephaloides propinquus has a great tendency to join the infracommunity. The differences between the parasite component communities of two Proterorhinus gobies are explained by different quality of habitats and available intermediate hosts. The component community of parasites of P. marmoratus is formed by brackish-water and marine parasite species, and that of P. semilunaris consists of limnetic parasite species. The euryhaline G. proterorhini is the only parasite species found in both P. marmoratus and P. semilunaris. In both species of gobiids, the main abundant parasite species (A. propinquus in P. marmoratus and Nicolla skrjabini in P. semilunaris) infest the host by feeding on crustaceans.

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Metazoan parasite fauna of two peacock-bass cichlid fish in Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/9.6.1371 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1371 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fabio Hideki Yamada ◽

Ricardo Massato Takemoto

Keyword(s):

Conservation Biology ◽

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Parasite Species ◽

New Records ◽

Cichlid Fish ◽

Parasite Fauna ◽

Component Community ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Peacock Bass ◽

Parasitological Study

A parasitological study of two freshwater cichlid fish of the genus Cichla (C. kelberi and C. piquiti) from six different aquatic ecosystems in Brazil was performed. Based on the survey, a checklist of the component community of the metazoan parasites of each of the two peacock-bass fish species was produced. Fish were collected from May 2009 to April 2011 in six Brazilian aquatic ecosystems using gillnets of different mesh sizes or angling using standardized effort. In total, six groups of parasites were collected: Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Copepoda and Branchiura. Among the groups of parasites found, nematodes presented the greatest number of species, with seven. The study lists new records of parasites in C. kelberi and C. piquiti, and new biogeography records of parasites in six different aquatic ecosystems in Brazil. The present paper collaborates with the study of conservation biology by adding new records of parasite species.

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