scholarly journals Neospora caninum in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro Sasse ◽  
Ana Clécia dos Santos Silva ◽  
Priscilla Gomes Carneiro ◽  
Beatriz de Souza Lima Nino ◽  
Fernando Emmanuel Gonçalves Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Free Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Brain Tissues

Abstract Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect many domestic and wild animals, including birds. These animals are important sources for monitoring of environmental contamination, as they could become infected through sporulated oocysts; however, the real role of birds in the biological cycle of N. caninum remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies, evaluate associated factors, detect the parasite by molecular testing of free-range chickens from Brazil, and evaluate different techniques for its serological diagnosis. Blood samples of 366 chickens from 25 farms were collected for serological assays. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect anti-N. caninum antibodies. Chickens that tested seropositive by IFAT had their brain tissues and a pool of organs (heart, lung, and liver) submitted to PCR for molecular detection of the parasite. Out of 366 chickens, 65 (17.8%) and 163 (44.6%) were seropositive by IFAT and ELISA, respectively. Brain tissues (n=60) and the pools of organs (n=65) were negative in the PCR. Our results showed a high prevalence of antibodies in free-range chickens and that IFAT is the more sensitive technique for the detection of anti-N. caninum antibodies.

scholarly journals Detection of Neospora caninum Infection in Aborted Equine Fetuses in Israel

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz ◽  
Lea Mimoun ◽  
Gili Schvartz ◽  
Sharon Tirosh-Levy ◽  
Igor Savitzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Equine Abortion

In horses, Neospora caninum and Neospora hughesi have been associated with fetal loss, and neurological disease, respectively. This study investigated the role of Neospora spp. infection in equine abortion in Israel. The presence of anti-Neospora spp. antibodies was evaluated in 31 aborting mares by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the presence of parasite DNA in their aborted fetuses was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using two target loci (ITS1 and Nc5). The seroprevalence found in aborting mares was 70.9% and the prevalence by DNA detection in the aborted fetuses was 41.9%. Transplacental transmission from positive mares to their fetuses was 45.4% (10/22), while 33.3% (3/9) of fetuses of seronegative mares also tested positive for Neospora. The use of two PCR targets improved the sensitivity of parasite detection, and positive samples were identified by sequence analyses as N. caninum. These finding suggest that N. caninum could be a significant cause of abortion in horses, and that transplacental transmission in horses is an important way of transmission of N.caninum. The results presented here demonstrated the necessity to use several tests concurrently, including serological and molecular assays in order to confirm the involvement of Neospora in mare abortions.

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dairy cows in Northern provinces, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawin Inpankaew ◽  
Sathaporn Jittapalapong ◽  
Thomas Mitchell ◽  
Chainirun Sununta ◽  
Ikuo Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNeospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of neosporosis, recognized as a major cause of bovine abortion around the world. Thailand is a developing agricultural country located in Southeast Asia. Livestock developments particularly in dairy cows of this country have been hampered by low productivity including milk and slow growth rate due to the impact of many pathogens including N. caninum. Currently, there is no effective method for control of neosporosis since there is less information regarding current status of infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of neosporosis in dairy cows of the northern part of Thailand. During 2006–2007, the sera of 642 cows from 42 small farm holders with the top three highest consensus of dairy farms in the northern provinces, such as Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai and Lumpang were collected and performed tests. Antibodies to N. caninum were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant N. caninum surface antigen 1 (NcSAG1) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The overall prevalence of N. caninum infection in this study was 46.9% (301/642) by ELISA and 34.3% (220/642) by IFAT.

scholarly journals Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Neospora caninum in Humans: High Seropositivity Rates in Patients Who Are Infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Have Neurological Disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Lobato ◽  
Deise A. O. Silva ◽  
Tiago W. P. Mineo ◽  
Jodi D. H. F. Amaral ◽  
Gesmar R. Silva Segundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Considering that little is known about the epidemiology of Neospora caninum infection in humans, particularly in populations with high Toxoplasma gondii infection rates, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies to N. caninum in T. gondii-seropositive and -seronegative individuals. A total of 256 serum samples divided into four groups (61 samples from human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-positive patients, 50 samples from patients with neurological disorders, 91 samples from newborns, and 54 samples from healthy subjects) were assessed for N. caninum and T. gondii serologies by indirect fluorescent-antibody test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoblotting (IB). Immunoglobulin G antibodies to N. caninum were predominantly detected in HIV-infected patients (38%) and patients with neurological disorders (18%), while newborns and healthy subjects showed lower seropositivity rates (5% and 6%, respectively). Seropositivity to N. caninum was significantly associated with seropositivity to T. gondii in both HIV-infected patients and patients with neurological disorders. Seroreactivity to N. caninum was confirmed by IB, with positive sera predominantly recognizing the 29-kDa antigen of N. caninum. The results of this study indicate the presence of N. caninum infection or exposure in humans, particularly in HIV-infected patients or patients with neurological disorders, who could have opportunistic and concurrent infections with T. gondii. These findings may bring a new concern for the unstable clinical health of HIV-infected patients and the actual role of N. caninum infection in immunocompromised patients.

scholarly journals A Modified Agglutination Test for Neospora caninum: Development, Optimization, and Comparison to the Indirect Fluorescent-Antibody Test and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Packham ◽  
Karen W. Sverlow ◽  
Patricia A. Conrad ◽  
Emily F. Loomis ◽  
Joan D. Rowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Secondary Antibodies ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

ABSTRACT Current serologic tests used to detect antibodies to Neospora caninum require species-specific secondary antibodies, limiting the number of species that can be tested. In order to examine a wide variety of animal species that may be infected with N. caninum, a modified direct agglutination test (N-MAT) similar to the Toxoplasma gondii modified direct agglutination test (T-MAT) was developed. This test measures the direct agglutination of parasites by N. caninum-specific antibodies in serum, thus eliminating the need for secondary host-specific anti-isotype sera. The N-MAT was compared to the indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a “gold standard” serum panel from species for which secondary antibodies were available (n = 547). All positive samples tested were from animals with histologically confirmed infections. Up to 16 different species were tested. The N-MAT gave a higher sensitivity (100%) and specificity (97%) than the ELISA (74 and 94%, respectively) and had a higher sensitivity but a lower specificity than the IFAT (98 and 99%, respectively). The reduced specificity of the N-MAT was due to false-positive reactions in testing fetal fluids with particulate matter or severely hemolyzed serum. Overall, the N-MAT proved to be highly sensitive and specific for both naturally and experimentally infected animals, highly reproducible between and within readers, easy to use on large sample sizes without requiring special equipment, and useful in testing serum from any species without modification.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondiiandNeospora caninumin Free-Range Chickens in Henan Province of China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Feng ◽  
Yaoyao Lu ◽  
Yinghua Wang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Longxian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test

Background.Chickens serve as an intermediate host forToxoplasma gondiiandNeospora caninum; infection of free-range (FR) chickens with these organisms is a useful indicator of soil and environmental contamination with oocysts. A total of 700 FR chicken serum samples and 300 heart samples were collected from Henan province from March to July 2015. Antibodies toT. gondiiwere found in 18.86% (132/700) of the chickens by modified agglutination test (cut-off 1 : 25), while 23.14% (162/700) were positive forN. caninumby indirect fluorescent antibody test (cut-off 1 : 25).T. gondiiDNA was detected in the myocardium digestion liquids of 4/25 (16%) FR chickens. The PCR results ofN. caninumDNA from FR chicken myocardium digestion liquids (n=25) were all negative. Attempts to isolate viableT. gondiiwere unsuccessful. The results showed that there were antibodies toT. gondiiandN. caninumin FR chickens from Henan province. Accordingly, effective control of feces from cats and dogs and improved pets hygiene habits were needed. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of the presence ofN. caninumantibody in chickens from China.

Immunological characterization ofNeospora caninumcyclophilin

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
KYOHKO KAMEYAMA ◽  
MAKI NISHIMURA ◽  
MYAGMARSUREN PUNSANTSOGVOO ◽  
HANY M. IBRAHIM ◽  
XUENAN XUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYNeospora caninumis an intracellular parasite that poses a unique ability to infect a variety of cell types by causing host cell migration. Although previous studies demonstrated that parasite-derived proteins could trigger host cell migration, the related molecules have yet to be determined. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship betweenNeospora-derived molecules and host cell migration using recombinant protein ofN. caninumcyclophilin (NcCyp). Indirect fluorescent antibody test revealed that NcCyp was expressed in the tachyzoite cytosol. Furthermore, NcCyp release from extracellular parasites was detected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a time-dependent manner. Recombinant NcCyp caused the cysteine–cysteine chemokine receptor 5-dependent migration of murine and bovine cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry indicated that NcCyp was consistently detected in tachyzoites distributed within or around the brain lesions. In conclusion,N. caninum-derived cyclophilin appears to contribute to host cell migration, thereby maintaining parasite/host interactions.

scholarly journals Occurrence of antibodies against Neospora caninum and/or Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle Fridlund Plugge ◽  
Fabiano Montiani Ferreira ◽  
Rosária Regina Tesoni de Barros Richartz ◽  
Adriana de Siqueira ◽  
Rosangela Locatelli Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aimed to evaluate occurrences of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs. Blood samples from 147 dogs were collected: 127 from owned dogs (attended at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (HV-UFPR) and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Curitiba), and 20 from stray dogs found in Curitiba's metropolitan region. The dogs presented one or more of the following neurological signs: seizures, paresis or paralysis, ataxia, behavioral abnormalities, sensory and somatic disorders and chorioretinitis. The samples were analyzed by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), at a cutoff dilution of 1:50. Out of the 147 samples obtained, 17 (11.56%) were seropositive for N. caninum, 31 (21.08%) for T. gondii and four (2.72%) for both protozoa. Serum titration on the positive animals showed that 54.83% (17/31) and 41.18% (7/17) had titers > 1:200 against T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. A significant difference in seropositivity for T. gondii (P = 0.021; OR = 2.87; CI = 1.1 > 2.8 > 7.4) was observed between owned dogs (18.11%) and stray dogs (40%). Inclusion of serological tests for neosporosis and toxoplasmosis is recommended in diagnosing neurological diseases in dogs.

scholarly journals The Search forIxodes damminiandBorrelia burgdorferiin Nova Scotia

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R Bell ◽  
Harold B Specht ◽  
B Ann Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Migrating Birds ◽  
Sera Samples

Twenty-fourIxodes damminiticks (23 adults and one nymph) have been recovered in Nova Scotia since 1984. There has not been a systematic search for larvae and none has been identified. The recovery of the nymph from a road-killed yellow throat bird,Geothypis trichas,in late May 1990 supports the contention that migrating birds are bringing deer ticks into the province every spring. In March and April 1991, four adult deer ticks were identified, suggesting that these ticks had overwintered. These deer tick specimens indicate that it is possible thatI damminiis becoming established in Nova Scotia, if it is not already established. There has been no evidence for the existence ofBorrelia burgdorferiin the province. The spirochete was not cultured from 650Dermacentor variabilisticks, nor were antibodies detected in a small sample of feral rodents using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. A survey of 137 dog sera samples, analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, also proved negative. There has been no confirmed indigenous case of Lyme disease in Nova Scotia to date.

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