scholarly journals Floristic and structural comparisons between woody communities of two seasonal forest fragments in the Tocantins river basin and other remnants of this forest physiognomy in Brazil

Rodriguésia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros ◽  
Bruno Machado Teles Walter ◽  
Washington Luis Oliveira

This work describes the woody layer composition and structure in two seasonal forest fragments in the Tocantins river basin and compares them to other remnants of this forest physiognomy in Brazil. The survey was carried out by using 17 plot samples (20 × 50 m) located in Palmeirópolis, state of Tocantins, and in Minaçú, state of Goiás. All woody individuals showing diameters > 5 cm, at 1.30 cm above ground level, were recorded. The higher floristic similarity of these forest remnants compared with other closer seasonal forests did not show a distinct pattern. The floristic composition was more similar to that of a deciduous seasonal forest in the Paranã valley, and more dissimilar to other forests in this same valley. This result and a higher dissimilarity related to the southern forests in Goiás suggest that the forest fragments showed a floristic composition and structure typical of lowland seasonal forests in the Tocantins river basin. The results also indicated that the forest fragments have distinct floristic compositions with a relatively similar structure and diversity.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Maureen de Moraes Stefanello ◽  
Ana Paula Moreira Rovedder ◽  
Roselene Marostega Felker ◽  
Matheus Degrandi Gazzola ◽  
Betina Camargo ◽  
...  

Seed rainfall may be one of the mechanisms most impacted by livestock production in forest remnants. The trampling and cattle grazing alter dynamics, structure and floristic composition of the forest. The present work characterized the seed rainin forest remnants and the possible impacts of the presence and the management regime with different cattle stocks in the Pampa biome, southern region of Brazil. We compared three areas in Seasonal Forest remnants with a management history of 43 years: cattle exclusion area (A1); area with a cattle stock of 0.5 ua ha-1 (A2); and area with cattle stock of 1.0 ua ha-1 (A3). The seed rain was collected quarterly in 16 collectors (1 × 1 m²) per area for 24 months. The seeds were counted and identified according to external morphological characteristics, habit and dispersion syndrome. Shannon diversity index, submitted to the Hutcheson test, Pielou evenness, expected diversity and floristic similarity were determined. The results indicated that the impacts caused by livestock to seed rain were more significant in A3 where a quantitative reduction in the number of seeds was observed, probably due to the low number of plant individuals that make up the community.


2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin dos Santos ◽  
Luiza Sumiko Kinoshita ◽  
Andréia Alves Rezende

In this study we evaluated floristic composition patterns of communities of climbers within ten inventories carried out in semideciduous forest fragments of southeastern Brazil. One of the inventories is original, being carried out for the present study in Ribeirão Cachoeira forest, Campinas, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. This inventory was then pooled together to other nine climbers' inventories made in other forests of Southeastern Brazil to form a data base, which was examined regarding species richness, similarity, species distribution and climbing methods. The total number of species obtained was 355, belonging to 145 genera and 43 families. The ten most diverse families Bignoniaceae (45 species), Fabaceae (42), Malpighiaceae (36), Asteraceae (31), Apocynaceae (29), Sapindaceae (28), Convolvulaceae (21), Cucurbitaceae (14), Passifloraceae (10), and Euphorbiaceae (8) contributed to 74.4% of the total number of species recorded. The commonest climbing method in the studied sites was main stem or branch twining, accounting for 178 species or 50.1% of the total, the second commonest was tendril climbing (121 species, 34.1%), and the least, scrambling (56 species, 15.8%). We found a high percentage of exclusive species i.e., those occurring in only one forest site, which accounted for 49.3% of the total recorded. The mean similarity among forest sites (30%) may be considered low. The climbing species contribution to the total wood plant richness recorded on the forests sites was very high in some of the sites (up to 52.5%). These results indicated the importance of climber communities to plant diversity for semideciduous forests in Southeastern Brazil, enhancing the regional diversity and the conservation value of these forest remnants.


2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ramírez-Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos Camargo-García

ABSTRACT In the coffee region (900-2,000 m a.s.l.) of the Colombian Andes, the forest remnants correspond mainly to fragments dominated by the bamboo species Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Guadua). These highly fragmented forests are found in landscapes with a high degree of transformation due to the agricultural activity and urban expansion. With the purpose of contributing to the knowledge of the ecological characteristics of these forests, the floristic structure and composition (alpha, beta and gamma diversity) of seven forest fragments located in the middle (Quindío) and lower basins of the La Vieja river (Risaralda) were studied. A total of 70,961 individuals and 172 species belonging to 54 families were found. Fifty percent of the families were represented by only one species, and the families Araceae and Leguminosae showed the highest taxonomic richness, respectively with 21 and 14 species. The diversity indices for these forests revealed values comparable to those of tropical forest ecosystems (Shannon-Weiner values between 3,167 and 3,798). Likewise, the cluster analysis (based on Euclidean distances) showed that the stands present a similarity below 0.65 (65 %), associated with the 35 species reported, in seven fragments that characterize a varied floristic composition. This finding implies that these fragments should not be seen as isolated units, but as sites embedded in a diverse regional landscape. This represents important habitats for these species, which are capable of maintaining significant levels of diversity, even under management conditions.


Rodriguésia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange de Vasconcellos Albuquerque Pessoa ◽  
Dorothy Sue Dunn de Araujo

Abstract Tropical forests are one of the most important ecosystems and loss of biological diversity in these is a major concern. We studied seven forest remnants on the coast of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, three medium-sized (24-63 ha) and four small (5-11 ha), to assess the influence of size, degree of disturbance and isolation on composition and diversity of the tree layer. A total of 443 species in 60 families and 185 genera were recorded, with Myrtaceae, Lauraceae and Fabaceae being the most species-rich families. The results showed areas of high α-diversity (α= 34.86-75.69) and a slightly greater decline of similarity with distance between the study areas. Remnant size not explained the variation in the species composition and we found correlation between the level of disturbance and the floristic composition. The remnants had low floristic similarity, strongly influenced by the degree of disturbance. Results suggest that disturbance influences composition and diversity and confirm the importance of including both medium-sized and small remnants in the conservation of tropical forest diversity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Oliveira ◽  
I. C. G. Vieira ◽  
A. S. Almeida ◽  
C. A. Silva Junior

Abstract The goal of this study is to analyze the floristic patterns and the structure of disturbed and undisturbed upland forests, in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) along the Moju river, in the Brazilian state of Pará. Trees with a diameter equal to or larger than 10cm at 1.30m from the ground (DBH) ≥10cm were analyzed for the upper stratum. For the middle stratum, individuals with DBH between 4.99 and 9.99cm were sampled. Forty-five families and 221 species were found in disturbed forests, and 43 families and 208 species in undisturbed forests. Floristic similarity was high between strata and between forest types, with values above 50%. Similarity was highest between middle strata. The most species-abundant families in undisturbed forests were Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Chrysobalanaceae and Myrtaceae; the species with the highest density there were Eschweilera grandiflora, Licania sclerophylla and Zygia cauliflora. In disturbed forests, the dominant families were Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Lecythidaceae and Melastomataceae. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 3.21 for undisturbed forests and 2.85 for disturbed forests. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis did not group the forests by their floristic composition in both upper and middle strata. Overall, the PPA forests along the Moju river, even if disturbed, did not show major floristic changes but substantially change their structural characteristics.


2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Maria Felfili ◽  
Alba Valéria Rezende ◽  
Manoel Cláudio Da Silva Júnior ◽  
Marco Aurélio Silva

Changes in floristic composition and structure in a cerrado sensu stricto area were studied over a 9-y period. A sample of 19 (20-m × 50-m) permanent plots was assessed at 3-y intervals from 1985 to 1994, when all stems ≥ 5 cm at 0.30 m above the ground level were measured. There was little change in species composition over the period. Changes in density and basal area of the whole community were in the range of 5% over the 9 y. These parameters fluctuated over the years with the greatest differences found in the comparisons of 1991, 2 y after an accidental fire reached the site, with other years. The changes in density and basal area were greater than in several tropical forests, probably due to disturbances such as fire occurring at 3 to 5-y intervals. The nearly constant density and basal area suggested a highly resilient community.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandressa Raquel Lucas Poloni Meira ◽  
Elicléia Maria de Souza Silva ◽  
Lucilene Finoto Viana ◽  
Bruno do Amaral Crispim ◽  
Luiza Flávia Veiga Francisco ◽  
...  

Abstract The aim of this study was to (i) evaluate water quality using limnological parameters in three streams belonging to the Ivinhema River basin, (ii) investigate the composition and structure of the landscape around the locations sampled and their possible contribution to changes in water quality, (iii) investigate genotoxicity in fish in situ as environmental bioindicators, and (iv) evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of water through bioassays in animal and plant models. A total of seven fish species were sampled in situ as bioindicators of environmental toxicogenetic damage: Astyanax fasciatus, Astyanax lacustris, Cyphocharax modestus, Moenkhausia forestii, Piabina argentea, Psellogrammus kennedyi, and Hypostomus ancistroides. Four types of nuclear and one cytoplasmic alteration were observed, with nuclear invagination being the most frequent. Animal bioassays showed five types of nuclear and one cytoplasmic alteration. In the plant bioassay, a reduction in germination and cell division was observed, indicating the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the water for Allium cepa cells. Thus, genotoxic alterations in fish and plant bioassays may reflect the different types of land use and cover around streams and the conversion of forest fragments into agricultural areas, mainly due to the expansion of sugarcane crops. The evaluation of the toxicogenetic status of the three streams is essential to emphasize the need to create projects to recover the native vegetation cover, which would improve the quality of the habitat and ensure the permanence of native species.


2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Marques de Paiva

<p>The Atlantic Forest presents great biological complexity and high richness and endemism levels, but it is one of the most threatened phytogeographic domain on the planet. Brazil is one of the Rubiaceae diversity centers in the Neotropics. The relevance and representativeness of the Rubiaceae family in the Atlantic Forest is highlighted in floristic composition studies and tropical forest community structures. However, despite the urban expansion in the state of Rio de Janeiro, we still find large areas of continuous vegetation with high connectivity degree. Recently, Rubiaceae flora and floristic surveys were conducted in <em>Restinga</em> and forest areas of Rio de Janeiro state protected by Conservation Units. New Rubiaceae species also have been described in the fluminense flora and they showed localized distributions and small populations. The current paper analyzes the floristic composition of the Rubiaceae in eight Atlantic Forest remnants in the State of Rio de Janeiro - Área de Proteção Ambiental de Grumari, Área de Proteção Ambiental Palmares, Parque Estadual da Serra da Tiririca, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Jurubatiba, Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, Reserva Biológica do Tinguá e Reserva Ecológica de Macaé de Cima - using the PAST software ("<em>Paleontological Statistics</em>") with Sørensen coefficient. Low similarity levels were found due to the habitats’ heterogeneity. <em>Restinga</em> and forest remnants formed distinct groups. The dendrogram showed the formation of three groups, but only Área de Proteção Ambiental de Grumari and Parque Nacional de Jurubatiba (<em>Restinga</em> areas) showed strong bootstrap support (98%). The current study pointed out 19 micro endemic species from the Atlantic Forest, thus conservation strategies were herein discussed. Discrepancies between the Catalogue of Flora of Rio de Janeiro and the Red Book of Brazilian Flora (two of the main reference catalogs of Brazilian flora) have been identified. We also highlight the need for recollecting microendemic species from the Atlantic Forest. We have suggested developing the Red Book of Endangered Species Plant of the State of Rio de Janeiro and launching research projects based on the phylogeographic approach and on conservation biology to faster broadcast information about species that face restricted distribution in the Atlantic Forest.</p>


2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins ◽  
Elizabeth Rodrigues Brito ◽  
Ary Teixeira de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Alexandre Francisco da Silva ◽  
Elias Silva

Seasonally inundated native forest fragments ("ipucas") located in natural landform depression swales of the Araguaian Plain are currently under land use pressure. Their composition needs to be better understood to guarantee their protection. This comparative study of fragments under different land use conditions was carried out at Lago Verde Farm, Lagoa da Confusão,Tocantins, Brazil. The location coordinates are UTM 643586 and 644060 East and 8792795 and 8799167 North. This study aimed to first analyze and compare the floristic composition of two seasonally inundated forest fragments of approximately one hectare each. The first is located in an intact (without human intervention) Gramineous-Woody Savanna region and the second in a rice cultivation region. The floristic composition of both fragments was then compared to that of other wetland forests located in the Northern, Central Western and Southeastern regions of Brazil.All the floristic compositions are affected by seasonal flooding and soil water saturation. The floristic inventory used a census method that sampled all trees and shrubs with perimeter at 1.30 m from soil (PAP) = 15cm; 665 individuals, 33 families and 49 species were recorded for the intact region and 807 individuals, 35 families and 70 species for the altered region fragment. The values of H' = 0.806 (Shannon-Weaver) and J = 3.44 nats /individual (equability) for the fragment in the region affected by rice cultivation are considered high compared to the intact region fragment values (H' = 0.761 and J = 2.97). Families contributing to floristic richness in the altered region fragment were Fabaceae (9 species), Vochysiaceae (6) and Annonaceae (4). In the intact region fragment, Fabaceae also presented the largest number of species (8) followed by Arecaceae, Chrysobalanaceae and Vochysiaceae (3 each). When comparing the forests from various regions in Brazil, floristic similarity was found to be small. Greater similarity was found when indices for the two Lagoa da Confusão fragments were compared to riparian forests located in the Federal District of Brasilia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Joxleide Mendes Costa coutinho ◽  
Salustiano Vilar Costa Neto ◽  
Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim

As savanas amazônicas formam ecossistemas ambientalmente degradados e subestimados, sobretudo no que se refere à dinâmica da vegetação e aos processos ecológicos ocorrentes. Com o objetivo de determinar a composição florística e a estrutura de comunidades vegetais em fragmentos de Cerrado disjunto, este trabalho foi desenvolvido em cinco áreas oreádicas costeiras, localizadas no Nordeste Paraense e Ilha do Marajó, PA. Os dados foram coletados seguindo o protocolo de Avaliação Fitossociológica Mínima em paisagens com maior nível de conservação, incluindo exemplares lenhosos vivos, com diâmetro do caule ao nível do solo (DCNS3cm) ≥ 3 cm e adotando-se a distribuição em classes de altura estratificadas em CI (≤ 4,19 m), CII (4,2-7,56 m) e CIII (≥ 7,57 m) e; em classes de diâmetro em CI (3-7 cm), CII (7,1-12 cm), CIII (12,1-17 cm), CIV (17,1-22 cm) e CV (≥ 22,1 cm). Em cinco ha de savanas foram registrados 3.984 indivíduos, distribuídos em 33 famílias, 54 gêneros e 69 espécies. Fabaceae (8), Myrtaceae (6) e Malpighiaceae (5) destacaram-se com maior riqueza e Malpighiaceae em abundância. Byrsonima crassifolia (1.413), Curatella americana (660) e Myrcia cuprea (544) obtiverm maior número de indivíduos e valor de importância em todas as áreas, acompanhadas por Himatanthus articulatus e Hancornia speciosa. A classe CI de altura e de diâmetro agrupou o maior número de indivíduos e a maior diversidade e grau de similaridade florística entre as classes CI e CII. A hiperdominância de indivíduos das espécies de maior participação na estrutura vertical, típicas das savanas amazônicas, indica uma adequação a ambientes com condições distróficas, em solos arenosos ácidos e com baixo conteúdo de nutrientes e; assegura afirmar que estas áreas de savanas são jovens, ainda em fase de desenvolvimento.  Floristic and structure of the woody species in five savannas in the state of Pará, BrazilA B S T R A C T Amazonian savannas form environmentally degraded and underestimated ecosystems, especially with regard to the dynamics of vegetation and the ecological processes that occur. With the objective of determining the floristic composition and the structure of plant communities in fragments of disjointed Cerrado, this work was developed in five coastal oreadic areas, located in the Northeast of Pará and Ilha do Marajó, PA. Data collections were performed following the Minimum Phytosociological Assessment protocol in landscapes with a higher level of conservation, including live woody specimens, with stem diameter at ground level (DCNS3cm) ≥ 3 cm and adopting stratified height classes: CI (≤ 4.19 m), CII (4.2-7.56 m) and CIII (≥ 7.57 m) and diameter classes in CI (3-7 cm), CII (7.1-12 cm), CIII (12.1-17 cm), CIV (17.1-22 cm) and CV (≥ 22.1 cm). In five ha of savannas 3,984 individuals were registered, distributed in 33 families, 54 genera and 69 species. Fabaceae (8), Myrtaceae (6) and Malpighiaceae (5) stood out with greater wealth and Malpighiaceae in abundance. Byrsonima crassifolia (1413), Curatella americana (660) and Myrcia cuprea (544) stood out in number of individuals and importance value in all areas, accompanied by Himatanthus articulatus and Hancornia speciosa. The data showed that the CI class of height and diameter grouped the largest number of individuals and the largest number of individuals, diversity and degree of floristic similarity between classes CI and CII. The hyper-dominance of individuals of the species with greater participation in the vertical structure, typical of the Amazonian savannas, indicates an adaptation to environments with dystrophic conditions, in acidic sandy soils and with low nutrient content and; ensures that these savanna areas are young, still under development.Keywords: Phytosociology; structural classes; typical species.


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